互耦效应对DOA估计的影响

在均匀线性阵列模型下,结合常规波束形成算法、Capon最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)波束形成算法、MUSIC算法、ESPRIT算法和Root-MUSIC算法等几种主要到达角(DOA)估计算法的原理,分析了互耦效应影响这些算法的作用机理,并利用MATLAB进行了数值仿真.理论分析和仿真结果表明,互耦效应带来的误差增大了DOA估计算法的估计误差,降低了估计成功概率,严重影响了算法的性能.     

基于TD-SCDMA无线定位虚拟线阵四阶累量修正MUSIC算法的研究

无线定位的圆-角定位技术中,DOA估计极其重要。本文针对基于TD-SCDMA智能天线预处理后的虚拟均匀线阵MUSIC算法带来的阵列孔径小,抗阵元误差扰动性差的不足,研究了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵四阶累量的MUSIC算法,由于虚拟线阵四阶累量MUSIC算法的应用范围局限于独立的信号源的DOA估计,不能用于相关信号源DOA估计,因而提出了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵四阶累量的修正MUSIC(FOC-MMUSIC)算法,有效地拓展了阵元孔径,改善了系统抗阵元误差扰动和算法对相关信号源DOA的估计性能。     

MUSIC及其改进算法的研究与实现

研究了用于阵列信号处理领域的重要分支,即信号到达角估计的几种MUSIC算法。阐述了经典MUSIC算法、前后向空间平滑MUSIC算法、改进MUSIC算法的原理。采用Matlab进行的仿真表明,经典MUSIC算法对于非相干信源的到达角估计具有良好的性能,但不能用于相干信源的到达角估计;前后向空间平滑MUSIC算法使可估计信源数减小、计算复杂度较高;改进MUSIC算法性能最好,不影响非相关信源的估计,也无明显计算量增加。几种算法在到达角估计中有各自的优缺点。     

FOC-MUSIC与MUSIC算法的稳健性对比分析

分析比较了阵元存在误差时基于四阶累积量的MUSIC方法（FOC-MUSIC）和基于协方差的MUSIC方法对波迭方向的估计性能，给出了大样本情况下估计误差方差的统一公式，基于这个公式从理论上分析了前一种方法的稳健性优于后一种的原因。仿真结果表明；文中提出的理论比较结果与实际仿真结果吻合，在存在幅相误差的情况下，FOC-MUSIC算法的稳健性确实优于基于协方差的MUSIC算法。     

加权最小二乘法和MUSIC法联合测向技术研究

针对传统相位干涉仪测向法精度不高和MUSIC算法空间谱峰搜索耗时长的问题,提出了一种基于加权最小二乘法和MUSIC算法相结合的均匀圆阵测向技术。首先根据阵列短基线组求解相位模糊,并通过引入中间变量将相位差测量方程转化为线性方程组,然后运用加权最小二乘法对其进行求解,并利用信号到达角与中间变量的关系得到信号到达角初始估计,最后MUSIC算法依据信号到达角初始估计进行空间谱峰搜索,得到高精度信号到达角估计。仿真实验对比了所提方法与现有相位干涉仪及MUSIC算法的角度估计精度和耗时,证实了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

相干信号频率和到达角联合估计的算法

基于均匀圆阵和四阶累积量,提出了一种相干信号频率和到达角联合估计的新算法。首先,利用计算量较小的PRO-ESPRIT算法和beamspace-ESPRIT算法分别估计广义阵列响应矢量和信号的频率。然后,对广义阵列响应矢量进行模式空间变换,并利用改进的前后向线性预测方法估计出相干信号的到达角。该算法能在色噪声环境下,精确地估计出空间相干信号的频率和到达角,并且无需平滑技术和谱峰搜索,具有计算量小,参数自动配对的特点。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

色噪声环境下单基地MIMO雷达分布式目标角度估计

针对传统的二阶统计量角度估计算法在高斯色噪声环境下估计性能急剧下降甚至失效的问题,该文提出一种基于四阶累积量的单基地MIMO雷达相干分布式目标角度估计算法。首先建立单基地MIMO雷达的相干分布式目标信号模型,求取信号的四阶累积量矩阵;利用特征值分解分离出相互正交的信号子空间与噪声子空间,根据多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法原理,获得阵列的空间谱函数,通过谱峰搜索得到分布式目标的中心波达方向。该算法充分利用了四阶累积量对高斯过程的不敏感性,能够很好地抑制高斯色噪声对角度估计的影响。仿真结果证明了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

混合信源背景下的DOA估计分步改进算法

信号在传输过程中会产生多径和电磁干扰,到达天线阵列后会同时存在非相干和相干信源,针对这种情况,文中提出了一种分步估计到达角的改进算法。该算法首先利用MUSIC算法估计非相干信源的到达角,然后在信号协方差矩阵中分离出相干信源的协方差矩阵,只对相干信源进行空间平滑估计出相干信源到达角。相比传统空间平滑算法,该算法在保持良好到达角分辨力的同时,减小了对天线阵列数的要求,在低信噪比时拥有更精确的估计能力。     

阵元切换时间对单通道阵列测向性能的影响

单通道阵列采用单个通道贯续接入各阵元进行采样,与常规阵列相比,单通道阵列减少了硬件成本以及通道幅相特性不一致问题对估计性能的影响,但现有研究均未考虑单通道阵列的阵元切换时间对系统性能的影响。为填补这一空白,首先参照常规阵列,明确了单通道阵列中窄带信号的带宽限制及其与单通道阵列阵元切换时间的关系;再以单通道阵列MUSIC算法为例,同时考虑信号带宽与单通道阵列阵元切换时间对单通道阵列协方差阵特性的影响,从理论上推导了单通道阵列MUSIC算法关于扩展相对带宽的一阶估计误差。最后对单通道阵列MUSIC算法与单通道阵列空间FFT算法在不同阵元切换时间下进行仿真,对两种算法测向误差与阵元切换时间的关系进行分析,验证了理论推导结果的正确性。      

基于时域聚汇和补偿估计WLFM信号DOA的FRFT-MUSIC算法

本文提出了分数阶付氏变换(FRFT)-MUSIC算法估计多个宽带信号到达角参数(DOA)。该算法通过对到达角的初始估计,在时域内经补偿和聚汇将宽带线性调频信号的时变方向矩阵变换为固定的方向矩阵,然后利用分数阶付氏变换和MUSIC算法实现入射信号DOA估计。本文同时提出了一种对FRFT-MUSIC的组合估计方法以减少计算量。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

基于矢量传感器MIMO雷达的发射极化优化DOA估计算法

针对常规矢量传感器MIMO雷达没有利用发射极化信息导致波达方向(DOA)估计精度较差的问题,该文提出一种克拉美罗界(CRB)最小化的发射极化优化算法。首先建立矢量传感器MIMO雷达的接收信号模型;然后分析固定发射极化矢量传感器MIMO雷达DOA估计算法的不足;接着推导任意发射极化状态下的CRB,计算最小CRB对应的极化状态;最后利用该优化极化状态采用固定极化DOA估计算法得到DOA估计。该算法的DOA估计精度高于固定极化DOA估计算法。且该算法的2维DOA估计可自动配对,发射电磁矢量传感天线位置可任意。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于电磁矢量阵列孔径扩展方法的相干目标DOA估计

该文采用均匀且稀疏分布的电磁矢量矩形阵列,针对相干目标提出了一种有效的2维波达角(DOA)估计算法,该算法通过增加相邻阵元的间隔来扩展阵列的有效孔径,从而提高算法的DOA估计性能。论文首先结合极化平滑算法和传播算子方法得到存在相位周期性模糊的方向余弦估计。为了解决模糊性问题,论文通过协方差矩阵平滑提出一种新的解相干预处理算法,由该算法得到的信号子空间包含矢量阵元的导向矢量,且不存在相位模糊,利用此特点实现去模糊处理,得到目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,与基于ESPRIT的孔径扩展算法相比,提出的算法能够实现相干目标的DOA估计,同时无需特征值或奇异值分解,有更低的运算量。     

基于非圆信号的MUSIC算法性能研究

传统DOA估计算法不能处理多于阵元数的信号源,而且估计精度也不能满足一些高估计精度的场合,近年来基于非圆信号的DOA估计算法由于其优良的估计性能,受到越来越多的关注。依据非圆信号的DOA估计数学模型,研究了基于非圆信号的MUSIC算法。通过软件仿真,将基于非圆信号的MUSIC算法的各项性能进行了仿真。结果表明,该算法的估计性能比传统MUSIC算法有了明显的提高。     

Nested planar array: configuration design,optimal array and DOA estimation

Nested array enables to enhance localisation resolution and achieve under-determined direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we improve the traditional nested planar array to achieve more degrees of freedom (DOFs) and better angle estimation performance. The closed-form expressions for sensor positions of the improved array are given and the optimal array configuration for largest available DOFs is derived. Meanwhile, a computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm is proposed. Specifically, we utilise two dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (2D DFT) method to obtain the coarse DOA estimates; Subsequently, we achieve the fine DOA estimates by 2D spatial smoothing multiple signals classification (SS-MUSIC) algorithm. The proposed algorithm enjoys the same estimation accuracy as SS-MUSIC algorithm but with lower complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of spectral search. In addition, estimation of the number of signals is not required by 2D DFT method. Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于信号相位匹配原理的二维方位估计方法

提出一种基于信号相位匹配原理的二维方位估计奇异值分解算法.通过对空间虚参考点选择的说明,推导出远场条件下的时延计算公式以及基于信号相位匹配原理的奇异值分解算法公式.通过分析基元间距、信号频率以及信噪比对定向精度的影响,证实了该算法在保持尖锐指向性的前提下,可以突破压差式矢量传感器对阵元间距的严格要求,加宽工作频带,并实现低信噪比条件下的高精度二维测向.仿真结果表明:在0.8λ的基元间距下,信噪比为0dB,FFT点数大于2560时,方位角、俯仰角估计的均方根误差小于1°.     

DOA estimation in multipath: an approach using fourth-ordercumulants

We consider the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of multipath propagation. The sensor elements are assumed to be linear and uniformly spaced. To perform DOA estimation, we combine two existing algorithms which are often used for other purposes. The first algorithm exploits fourth-order cumulants to perform blind estimation of the steering vectors and the second algorithm estimates the directions of arrival using the estimated vectors. We refer to this two step approach as the SV-DOA estimation algorithm. We also present an algorithm independent performance analysis for the DOA estimation problem based on fourth-order cumulants. We summarize the algorithms and present Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrating the effectiveness of the SV-DOA algorithm as well as verifying the performance analysis using an optimal (but computationally expensive) DOA estimation algorithm     

Maximum likelihood direction-of-arrival estimation in unknown noise fields using sparse sensor arrays

We address the problem of maximum likelihood (ML) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in unknown spatially correlated noise fields using sparse sensor arrays composed of multiple widely separated subarrays. In such arrays, intersubarray spacings are substantially larger than the signal wavelength, and therefore, sensor noises can be assumed to be uncorrelated between different subarrays. This leads to a block-diagonal structure of the noise covariance matrix which enables a substantial reduction of the number of nuisance noise parameters and ensures the identifiability of the underlying DOA estimation problem. A new deterministic ML DOA estimator is derived for this class of sparse sensor arrays. The proposed approach concentrates the ML estimation problem with respect to all nuisance parameters. In contrast to the analytic concentration used in conventional ML techniques, the implementation of the proposed estimator is based on an iterative procedure, which includes a stepwise concentration of the log-likelihood (LL) function. The proposed algorithm is shown to have a straightforward extension to the case of uncalibrated arrays with unknown sensor gains and phases. It is free of any further structural constraints or parametric model restrictions that are usually imposed on the noise covariance matrix and received signals in most existing ML-based approaches to DOA estimation in spatially correlated noise.     

空间非平稳噪声环境下阵列通道幅相误差自校正算法

本文针对空间非平稳噪声环境下的阵列通道幅相误差问题提出一种自校正算法.该算法可以有效估计噪声相关矩阵,同时对通道幅相偏差和信源DOA作初步估计;进而在此基础上进行迭代过程,进一步校正通道幅相偏差的同时得到更精确的DOA估计值.理论分析和仿真结果均表明该算法的有效性.     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.     

未知波形信号的多径时延估计新方法

该文提出了一种从单个阵元接收数据中估计未知波形信号多径回波时延的新方法。该方法通过建立单阵元接收数据的频域信号模型,分析得出了利用该模型估计多径时延与利用阵列估计来波方向问题的相似性。进而,估计来波方向的ESPRIT算法被改造用于估计多径时延。文中还对通过信号模型估值存在的模糊问题进行了分析,并提出了解决办法。仿真实验结果证明了新方法的有效性。