Comprehension of the Electric Polarization as a Function of Low Temperature

Polarization response to warming plays an increasingly important role in a number of ferroelectric memory devices. This paper reports on the theoretical explanation of the relationship between polarization and temperature. According to the Fermi–Dirac distribution, the basic property of electric polarization response to temperature in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials is theoretically analyzed. The polarization in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials can be calculated by low temperature using a phenomenological theory suggested in this paper. Simulation results revealed that the numerically calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results of some inhomogeneous multiferroic materials. Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the influences of both electric and magnetic fields on the polarization in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials. Furthermore, polarization behavior of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials can be predicted by low temperature, electric field and magnetic induction using only one function. The calculations offer an insight into the understanding of the effects of heating and magnetoelectric field on electrical properties of multiferroic materials and offer a potential to use similar methods to analyze electrical properties of other memory devices.     

Microscopic Origin of Electric and Magnetic Ordering in BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The microscopic origin of electric and magnetic ordering in multiferroic materials is described. Multiferroic materials are systems with strong spin–orbit coupling. There is an electric mechanism for which ferroelectricity is generated by dynamic magnetism though vanishing of the electric current; this result is demonstrated in this paper. The multiferroic material BiFeO₃ is shown to be a Mott’s insulator. An expression describing the connection between the polarization, magnetization, and the spin–orbit coupling parameter is derived.     

Ferroelectrics,multiferroics and artifacts: Lozenge-shaped hysteresis and things that go bump in the night

This review summarizes dielectric studies and related experiments on ferroelectrics and multiferroics about which there has been considerable controversy in the literature, sometimes at unusually impolite and unprofessional levels. In addition it focuses attention on a new anomalous phenomenon – that of ferroelectric hysteresis loops P(E) that are parallelograms with straight sides. In some cases materials have been considered to be multiferroic when the data can be interpreted more simply via other well-known mechanisms. In some cases the systems truly are multiferroic, despite X-ray crystallographic data implying that this is not possible; some properties arise only from the domain walls. And in some cases authors get different results from previous work, simply because they used bulk ceramics instead of very thin films, or epitaxial films instead of randomly oriented ceramics; it is of course preferable if groups exchange specimens before they claim the work of others is simply wrong. Emphasis is on newly discovered lozenge-shaped hysteresis loops, whose parallelepiped geometries are found in four unrelated materials. This review has intentionally not discussed ferroelectric artifacts that appear in atomic force microscopy, since that is actually more extensive in variety and well reviewed this year by Kalinin’s group [1].     

Development of Bismuth Ferrite as a Piezoelectric and Multiferroic Material by Cobalt Substitution

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃) is the most widely studied multiferroic material with robust ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. One of the possible device applications of this material is one that utilizes the ferroelectric/piezoelectric property itself such as ferroelectric memory components, actuators, and so on. Other applications are more challenging and make full use of its multiferroic property to realize novel spintronics and magnetic memory devices, which can be addressed electrically as well as magnetically. This progress report summarizes the recent attempt to control the piezoelectric and magnetic properties of BiFeO₃ by cobalt substitution.     

考虑支座摩擦和墩柱损伤的桥梁用液体粘滞阻尼器参数确定方法

对桥梁阻尼器参数确定方法的相关文献进行了回顾,指出现有常用参数分析法费时费力;而简化分析法存在仅适用于结构保持在弹性阶段、无法考虑罕遇地震下支座摩擦及墩柱轻度损伤等复杂情况的弊端。以非线性静力分析获得的能力曲线为基础,利用性能点、目标点求解时获得的关键参数,结合等效弹性单自由度体系附加非线性粘滞阻尼器的参数确定公式,提出了考虑支座摩擦和墩柱损伤的桥用阻尼器参数确定方法。将本文方法应用于某三跨连续梁桥抗震加固分析,验证了本文方法的实用性及准确性。指出了该方法具有的优势及使用时需注意的问题。本文方法可用于中小跨径桥梁抗震加固时液体粘滞阻尼器的参数确定。     

Warehouse scheduling performance analysis considering LHRL

Warehouse scheduling efficiency has to do with the length-height ratio of location (LHRL) to some extent,which hasn’t been well investigated until now. In this paper a mathematic model is built by analyzing the relation between the travel time of the stacker and LHRL. Meanwhile,warehouse scheduling strategy is studied combining with the project on the automatic production line of an enterprise, and a warehouse scheduling strategy is proposed based on index of quality (IoQ) parameters. Besides,the process of getting the value of IoQ is also simplified with the idea of sparse matrix. Finally, the IoQ scheduling strategy is compared with random strategy and First Come First Out strategy in different LHRLs. The simulation results show that the IoQ scheduling strategy not only
improves the quality of the product effectively, but also improves the efficiency of the scheduling substantially.     

高速公路上紧急救援站的选址

考虑事故发生的不确定性,研究了高速公路上紧急救援站的选址问题。引入α 鲁棒约束条件,结合随机优化和鲁棒优化,建立了0 1整数规划模型。该模型规定了在各情景下设施覆盖的事故数的相对后悔值不超过α的条件,使得平均响应时间最小化,并结合实例给出分析,结果证明了模型的有效性和合理性。     

一类无足自驱动系统的运动特性分析

建立了一类简谐激励作用下、两自由度含干摩擦无足自驱动系统的力学模型,描述并分析了系统的运动特性,得到了系统参数选择的最佳范围。研究发现:在低频区,随着激励频率ω的减小,擦边分岔诱导系统碰撞次数逐渐增加,直至颤振序列;在高频区,系统存在混沌运动。在一个完整周期内,基体的运动由黏滞、正向驱进和负向驱进三种中的一种或多种组成;系统平均驱进速度■对激励频率ω和质量比μ_m的变化较敏感,摩擦比f、间隙δ、刚度比μ_k对系统的影响相对较小,质量比μ_m的最佳选择范围为[0.4,0.8];系统正向和负向驱进的最大平均速度出现在低频区和质量比较小时;在高频区,基体趋于黏滞状态。该研究结果和方法,可为无足自驱动系统的设计及参数优化提供相应的理论依据。     

自适应冗余提升小波降噪分析及其在轴承故障识别中的应用

为有效识别机械设备中滚动轴承的微弱故障信息,本文提出一种自适应冗余提升小波降噪方法。根据待分解低频尺度系数所含的不同特征,应用范数准则来自适应地选取最匹配于该尺度系数特征的小波函数。同时,引入多孔算法,用以通过冗余性来保证逐层分解后各尺度系数和小波系数所含有的丰富的信息量。接下来,对各层小波系数采用变尺度阈值降噪算法,并对降噪后的系数进行重构及包络谱分析,进而提取滚动轴承的故障特征。应用上述方法分别对轴承实验台轴承混合故障信号和现场实际信号进行分析,均较好地实现了故障识别,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Multiferroic Heterostructures Integrating Ferroelectric and Magnetic Materials

Multiferroic heterostructures can be synthesized by integrating monolithic ferroelectric and magnetic materials, with interfacial coupling between electric polarization and magnetization, through the exchange of elastic, electric, and magnetic energy. Although the nature of the interfaces remains to be unraveled, such cross coupling can be utilized to manipulate the magnetization (or polarization) with an electric (or magnetic) field, known as a converse (or direct) magnetoelectric effect. It can be exploited to significantly improve the performance of or/and add new functionalities to many existing or emerging devices such as memory devices, tunable microwave devices, sensors, etc. The exciting technological potential, along with the rich physical phenomena at the interface, has sparked intensive research on multiferroic heterostructures for more than a decade. Here, we summarize the most recent progresses in the fundamental principles and potential applications of the interface‐based magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic heterostructures, and present our perspectives on some key issues that require further study in order to realize their practical device applications.     

试件断裂对万吨级多功能结构试验系统隔振层影响的数值分析

万吨级多功能结构试验系统是中国建筑股份有限公司研制的重型结构试验设备,试验系统的综合功能和加载能力为世界同类设备之最。为减少试验系统对周边办公区域的影响,在设备的基座下面设置了隔振层。本文采用ANSYS瞬态动力学分析方法,针对试件断裂对万吨级多功能结构试验系统隔振层的冲击影响进行了分析,提取了试验系统基座底部边界角点的X、Y、Z方向位移和单个隔振器的Z方向受力时程曲线,对比分析了不同卸载时间对隔振响应的影响,并校核了隔振器的安全性,对模拟试件断裂的卸载时间提出了建议。针对不同隔振器数量布置的隔振层,计算了试件突然断裂时隔振效果的区别,提出了隔振器数量的建议。     

单/双离子替代对铁酸铋薄膜性能影响的研究进展

铁酸铋在室温下既可表现出铁电性又可表现出反铁磁性,在器件应用上有非常大的应用前景,因此被认为是最有前途的多铁性化合物之一。本文综述了多铁性材料的发展历史、铁酸铋晶体结构以及国内外近年来关于铁酸铋薄膜铁电性能离子替代改性的相关工作及研究进展。本文重点围绕由镧系和低价碱金属元素的A位替代、过渡族金属元素的B位替代,以及A,B位共同替代对铁酸铋薄膜的漏电流、铁电性的影响,并系统总结了不同元素、不同掺杂量对A,B位替代的铁酸铋薄膜的剩余极化和矫顽电场值的影响,更为直观地展现出各类元素离子替代改性对铁酸铋薄膜的影响。本文最后提出了关于铁酸铋薄膜制造工艺、电极材料、薄膜厚度和操作电压等亟待开展的工作。     

拉压刚度不同桁架的动力参变量变分原理和保辛算法

对于一些展开结构,为达到其设计性能,必须采用特殊的索、膜结构,这些索、膜部件表现出不同的拉压性质。具有拉、压不同性质的材料或结构的力学分析,体现出较强的非线性特征,需要针对这类问题发展有效的求解算法。本文建立了由拉压刚度不同杆单元组成的桁架结构的动力学参变量变分原理,将拉压刚度不同桁架问题的非线性动力分析转换为线性互补问题求解。结合时间有限元方法构造了求解此问题的保辛数值积分方法,此方法不需要迭代和刚度矩阵更新,避免了迭代求解方法的收敛问题,计算过程稳定、高效。     

Realization of Large Electric Polarization and Strong Magnetoelectric Coupling in BiMn3Cr4O12

Magnetoelectric multiferroics have received much attention in the past decade due to their interesting physics and promising multifunctional performance. For practical applications, simultaneous large ferroelectric polarization and strong magnetoelectric coupling are preferred. However, these two properties have not been found to be compatible in the single‐phase multiferroic materials discovered as yet. Here, it is shown that superior multiferroic properties exist in the A‐site ordered perovskite BiMn₃Cr₄O₁₂ synthesized under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. The compound experiences a ferroelectric phase transition ascribed to the 6s² lone‐pair effects of Bi³⁺ at around 135 K, and a long‐range antiferromagnetic order related to the Cr³⁺ spins around 125 K, leading to the presence of a type‐I multiferroic phase with huge electric polarization. On further cooling to 48 K, a type‐II multiferroic phase induced by the special spin structure composed of both Mn‐ and Cr‐sublattices emerges, accompanied by considerable magnetoelectric coupling. BiMn₃Cr₄O₁₂ thus provides a rare example of joint multiferroicity, where two different types of multiferroic phases develop subsequently so that both large polarization and significant magnetoelectric effect are achieved in a single‐phase multiferroic material.     

高层结构风振性能水准的二级模糊综合评价研究

针对风振作用下高层结构的性能状态,引入模糊综合评价理论,研究了高层结构风振性能水准的评价因子,给出了上部结构、外部环境和地基与基础三类评价因子划分的等级标准,建立了高层结构风振性能水准预测的层次评价体系,提出了高层结构风振性能水准的二级模糊综合评价模型,并基于Matlab语言编制了结构风振性能模糊概率预测的计算程序。将所提模糊综合评价模型用于广州某四个高层结构风振性能水准的预测评价中,计算结果表明模糊综合评价模型可充分考虑影响结构风振性能水准的各种不确定信息,能根据权重系数的大小对所有评价因子的影响均衡兼顾,进而实现对高层结构的风振性能状态进行很好的预测;二级模糊综合评价模型能更加合理地考虑各评价因子的权重系数,计算结果优于一级模糊综合评价。研究结果可为工程结构抗风设计和加固改造提供参考指导。     

基于RQA与SVM的声发射信号检测识别方法

针对裂纹声发射信号检测问题,提出基于递归定量分析与支持向量机相结合的新型检测方法。利用小波阈值去噪原理,对采集的声发射信号进行去噪,将递归定量分析引入声发射信号检测,提取递归定量分析的量化特征参数,结合支持向量机对模拟裂纹声发射信号进行识别。并实验验证该方法的可行性。     

独立分量分析方法在经验模式分解中的应用

若信号间的能量和频率比例过大,经验模式分解不能分解出正确的单一模式分量。针对这种状况提出一种经验模式分解与独立分量相结合的信号分析方法。该方法能分离出IMF分量的固有特性,消除EMD分解过后各IMF之间信息混淆问题,恢复各个单分量所丢失的信息特性,改善了经验模式分解能力不足所带来局限性,保障经验模式分解的有效性。通过仿真信号和实际工程信号研究,验证了该方法的可行性。表明该方法对信号分解和故障诊断具有很好的前景。     

基于最大相关波形延拓的经验模式分解端点效应抑制方法

针对端点效应使经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）结果出现畸变,严重影响算法精度的现象,提出了一种新的抑制经验模式分解端点效应的方法：最大相关波形延拓法。该方法借鉴匹配追踪算法思想,将信号端点处波形向信号内部平移,以找出与之最相似的波形,然后以最相似波形外侧的一段数据作为信号端点外数据的估计。利用仿真数据和某炼油厂风机轴瓦振动数据对最大相关波形延拓法进行了验证,结果表明该方法能够明显减小经验模式分解的端点效应,特别对周期信号和循环平稳信号有很好效果。同时,所提出的方法具通用性,能够减小数字滤波、小波分析等信号分析方法中端点效应对算法精度的影响,具有较大的理论意义和实用价值。     

Advanced synthesis techniques and routes to new single-phase multiferroics

We review recent developments and advances in the synthesis of thin-film multiferroic and magnetoelectric heterostructures. Driven by the promise of new materials with built-in useful phenomena (i.e., electric field control of ferromagnetism), extensive research has been centered on the search for and characterization of new single-phase multiferroic materials. In this review we provide a brief overview of recent developments in the synthesis of thin film versions of these materials. Advances in modern film growth processes have provided access to high-quality materials for in-depth study. We highlight the use of epitaxial thin-film strain to stabilize metastable phases, drive multiferroic properties, and produce new structures and properties in materials including case studies of EuTiO₃ and BiFeO₃.