给定方向图的圆形阵列综合方法

本文对基于给定方向图的圆形阵列方向图综合方法进行了系统的分析和研究.以给定方向图与被综合方向图之间的均方距离最小化为优化准则,在无约束、零点约束以及波束扫描约束的情况下,分别给出了相应最优激励向量的求解方法.各种仿真结果表明,这种方法对改善圆形阵列方向图的特性既简洁又有效.     

基于序列二阶锥的平面稀疏阵方向图重构

针对稀疏阵列天线多方向图可重构问题提出了一种基于序列二阶锥的算法。通过引入共轭对称激励,将方向图的上下界约束转化成凸问题;通过辅助变量的迭代加权,将稀疏阵列的阵元位置优化和多方向图的赋形转化为序列二阶锥问题。文中将算法从线阵推广至面阵,在任意主瓣宽度、响应波纹、零陷及副瓣电平的约束下,通过改变阵元的激励,皆可优化阵元位置排布。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,可以达到降低天线系统成本的目的。     

稀布圆阵的降维优化方法

针对有阵列孔径,阵元数目和最小阵元间距3种约束下的稀布圆形阵列综合问题,该文提出了一种基于修正遗传算法的降维优化方法。为了充分利用阵元布阵的自由度,同时使稀布阵列满足多个设计约束,在阵元排布时将2维平面阵列优化设计降维成1维的稀布直线阵列,计算阵列性能时再还原为平面阵列。该方法改进了现有圆阵综合方法中轨迹圆半径和轨迹圆上阵元数分布优化的不足,实现了全部阵元的联合优化,降低了算法的复杂性,同时保证了阵列的旁瓣性能,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

圆形阵列天线在雷达中的设计及应用

基于圆形阵列天线特点,提出了一种多波束扫描方式。该扫描方式在最大化发挥圆形阵优势的同时具有了较高的扫描效率,可满足雷达发展的需求。基于耦合单元方向图,对圆阵方向图进行优化,计算结果表明方向图性能达到设计指标要求。该方法适用于任意形式单元构成的圆阵方向图综合,可以很好地满足工程设计需求。     

一种任意阵的方向图综合方法

该文提出一种新的基于优化理论的方向图综合算法。该方法先利用与相位无关的约束得到期望主瓣,再利用优化方法求解残余权矢量获得期望旁瓣,使残余权矢量对主瓣的影响控制在一定范围内,优化问题可看作是二次锥规划（SOCP）。与传统的对模值和相位均进行约束的综合方法相比,该方法要求综合期望方向图的模值,不仅能够有效地获取期望方向图,而且主瓣控制机制与参考点的选取无关。对多种任意阵的仿真结果证明该方法的有效性和正确性。     

一种任意阵的方向图综合方法

该文提出一种新的基于优化理论的方向图综合算法。该方法先利用与相位无关的约束得到期望主瓣,再利用优化方法求解残余权矢量获得期望旁瓣,使残余权矢量对主瓣的影响控制在一定范围内,优化问题可看作是二次锥规划(SOCP)。与传统的对模值和相位均进行约束的综合方法相比,该方法要求综合期望方向图的模值,不仅能够有效地获取期望方向图,而且主瓣控制机制与参考点的选取无关。对多种任意阵的仿真结果证明该方法的有效性和正确性。     

圆形阵列天线方向图的分布函数优化方法

以离散有限长复指数和的计算为基础,讨论了二雏阵列的方向图问题.通过引入分布函数的概念,可知离散有限长复指数和为其分布函数离散傅里叶变换在1点的值.基于此结论,分析了二维阵天线阵元分布于天线方向图之间的关系:二雏阵列任意方向的方向图为其在该方向分布函数的离散傅里叶变换,该分布函数可通过统计其投影在该方向的临近区域处阵元数目获得.然后,通过对混合圆形阵列天线方向图的分析,验证了该关系的正确性,并说明了上述关系在分析阵列方向图的应用.在此基础上,进一步分析了阵元权重系数对方向的影响,发现该方法与通过改变阵列天线阵元分布的方法等效.最后,提出了基于分布函数的圆形阵列方向图优化方法,并通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性.该方法可通过改变圆形阵列阵元沿径向的权重系数使得其对应的任意方向的方向图与期望的窗函数近似.     

天波雷达在不规则地形中的接收阵列天线综合

分析非平坦地形对阵列方向图的影响,给出一种相位补偿算法,该算法通过相邻阵元相位差与地形斜率的关系,合理地设计阵元权值相位,矫正了非平坦地形导致的波束指向偏移,减少了方向图畸变。提出一基于不规则地形(山地、丘陵)的天波雷达接收阵列的综合方法,该方法在一特殊稀疏阵的布阵模型基础上,采用相位补偿算法与切比雪夫加权对该布阵模型进行阵列优化,降低了工程难度,减小了不规则地形对于阵列的影响,满足天波超视距雷达(OTHR)对接收阵列方向图性能的要求;与传统遗传算法对该布阵模型优化结果相比,采用所提优化方法所得的方向图旁瓣电平更低,对各种不规则地形的普适性更强。仿真结果验证了以上结论。     

基于阿基米德天线的两种圆阵的比较

研究了基于阿基米德螺旋天线的有向阵元构成的两种圆形阵列（8单元圆阵和1＋7型圆阵）的性能比较。首先介绍了N元圆形阵列的方向图特性并推导了方向图函数,在此基础上分析了基于有向阵元的阵列方向图特性;接着讨论了阿基米德螺旋天线在不同频率下的方向性,给出了单个阵元的方向图的仿真结果;最后给出了有向阵元构成的两种圆阵的方向图以及MUSIC算法测向的仿真结果,对比分析了两种圆阵的性能,发现1＋7型圆阵要优于8单元圆阵。     

考虑互耦影响的阵列综合

阵列天线综合一般是基于理想的单元天线方向图，而不考虑阵元间的互耦。本文提出了一种考虑互耦的基于遗传算法的阵列天线综合方法。该方法首先利用商用仿真软件分别计算阵列中各个阵元在阵列中的方向图，再通过遗传算法优化出目标方向图。通过实例比较可以看出，这种方法能够比较精确的仿真计算阵列的方向图，易于在工程上实现高性能的天线阵列系统。     

一种阵列天线的约束最优化综合方法

为同时满足对方向性系数,阵列效率,方向图旁瓣等参数的要求,提出了一种效率和旁瓣约束下的最优方向性综合法.该方法适用于任意的阵列形式,以最大化阵列方向性系数为目标,通过对加权向量的二次约束控制了阵列效率,并采用迭代的方法满足了方向图旁瓣的要求,实现了阵列效率和旁瓣约束下的方向性系数最优化.对多种阵列在不同要求下的仿真结果以及5元圆阵列的实验结果表明了这种方法的有效性和灵活性.     

A flexible array synthesis method using quadratic programming

A highly flexible synthesis method for an arbitrary array is proposed to best approximate a desired array pattern in a minimum-mean-square-error sense. The basic idea of the technique is to form a quadratic program with its cost function given by the mean-square error between the array response and a properly selected pattern described by a known mathematical function. This quadratic program can be a constrained or unconstrained optimization problem depending on the requirements of the desired array pattern. In formulating the quadratic program, no assumption has been made on the gain/phase response or characteristics of the individual array elements. Therefore, one can synthesize an array of arbitrary shape to any appropriate pattern with the characteristic of the array elements taken into consideration as long as one is able to model the array accurately. The proposed method is used to synthesize arrays of different shapes, linear as well as planar arrays (including rectangular and circular planar arrays), using a Chebyshev polynomial or zero function as a design template, to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method     

一种新型圆形智能天线阵的分析与设计

采用新型同轴直排印刷振子天线结构,易于提高增益和组阵,具有良好的一致性.对优化算法、矩量法、有限元法相结合的方法进行了研究,设计了高效的圆形智能天线阵.验证了其高效性.实验天线为3G通信的研发提供了有效的指导作用,并具有很强的实用性.     

A Numerical Method for Near-Field Array Synthesis

A numerical method for near-field array synthesis is developed for arbitrary array geometries. The intended application is for generating a planar field in a test volume for electromagnetic susceptibility testing, but the method is valid for arbitrary field distributions. A uniqueness theorem is utilized to allow the field conditions to be enforced on the surface of the test volume rather than throughout the volume. The synthesis method is a least-squares solution with a constraint on the source norm; the constraint keeps the field small outside the test volume. Numerical results are shown for the case of synthesizing a plane wave in the near field of an array of line sources.     

Design of dual-polarized series-fed microstrip arrays with low losses and high polarization purity

The design of a dual-polarized microstrip series-fed linear traveling-wave array is described in this paper. The array is composed of two identical subarrays formed by cascading an equal number of four-port aperture-coupled cross-patch elements and terminated on a two-port radiating matched load. By properly exciting the array, dual linear or circular polarization can be accomplished and by virtue of the symmetric arrangement of the antenna cross-polarization is annihilated. A straightforward design strategy is proposed for the synthesis of a desired current distribution along the array antenna. Some proof-of-concept linear arrays are developed and the corresponding numerical results, obtained through a full-wave approach based on the method of moments (MoM), are provided. As an independent validation, supplementary analyses by the finite integration technique (FIT) are also reported. Very close agreement is found between prescribed and synthesized array performance, which qualifies the proposed design approach as an accurate and effective tool for the synthesis of series-fed aperture-coupled patch arrays.     

任意形状单元有限微带阵列的电磁散射分析

提出一种有限微带阵列电磁散射特性分析的有效方法。该法采用有限阵格林函数与矩量法相结合的方法，有效地解决了矩量法在大型阵列电磁特性分析中的计算效率问题；通过选取RWG基函数，使该法适用于任何单元形状的微带阵列。文中计算了矩形、十字形及圆形单元微带阵列的雷达截面，并与常规矩量法和参考文献的计算结果进行了比对，验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种新的低副瓣曲线阵数值综合方法

本文提出了一种新的低副瓣曲线阵数值综合方法。把曲线阵综合问题表述为约束非线性最优化问题,利用新直接方法求解它,即可求出使阵列的总方向图满足特定的副瓣电平指标,且具有尽可能高的方向性系数的激励和空间分布,文中主要给出了自由空间曲线阵综合的数学模型和计算结果,并给出了直线阵时新综合方法与Taylor分布的比较结果。新综合方法也适用于共形曲线阵综合问题。     

具有高测向精度的最优麦克风对称阵设计研究

麦克风平面阵列布局方式的不同会导致其测向性能的不同,而现有的阵列设计方法并不能使麦克风面阵的测向性能达到最优且其计算复杂度高。针对该问题,本文提出了基于克拉美罗界（Cramer Rao Bound）的最优麦克风对称阵设计方法。该方法给出了设计最优麦克风对称阵的约束条件,该约束条件能够使各阵元之间的相对位置满足特定的关系,从而提高阵列测向精度,同时也能降低阵列设计复杂度。本文利用该方法设计出了最优麦克风对称阵,并对其测向性能进行了理论分析和仿真验证。结果表明,与常见布局阵列相比,按照本文方法设计出的最优麦克风对称阵的测向性能最优。      

Comparison of different antenna arrays for the BER reduction in indoor wireless communication

In this paper, we use the ultra wideband antenna array combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the BER for indoor communication systems. Three types of antenna arrays, namely the circular shape, L shape, and Y shape arrays, are used in the transmitter and their corresponding BER on several paths in the indoor environment are calculated. On the basis of the topography of the antenna array and the BER formula, the array pattern synthesis problem can be reformulated into an optimization problem and solved by the PSO. The novelties of our approach is not only choosing BER as the object function instead of the sidelobe level of the antenna pattern, but also considering the antenna feed length effect of each array element. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the excitation voltages and feed lengths for these antenna arrays to reduce the BER. The strong point of the PSO is that it can find the solution even if the performance index cannot be formulated by simple equations. By the obtained antenna patterns, we can know the route with the lowest BER; meanwhile, transmission power using this route can be reduced. Numerical results show that the synthesized antenna array pattern is effective in focusing maximum gain to the line‐of‐sight path for these antenna arrays. The synthesized array pattern also can mitigate severe multipath fading in complex propagation environments. As a result, the BER can be reduced substantially in indoor ultra wideband communication systems. The investigated results can help communication engineers improve their planning and design of indoor wireless communication.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Extension of the Orchard-Elliott synthesis method to pure-realnonsymmetrical-shaped patterns

The Orchard-Elliott (1985) method for the synthesis of linear antenna arrays is extended to enable the synthesis of pure real radiation patterns for nonsymmetrical-shaped beams. It is shown that for an array of N elements, with 2M roots off the unit circle, grouped in pairs, a pure real pattern will be obtained (real field synthesis), satisfying the center-fed constraint