Study on damping properties of magnetorheological damper

To research the properties of a new kind of smart controllable MR (magnetorheological) fluid, in this paper, the rheological models are discussed. On the basis of analyzing the structural forms of MR dampers, an improved structure of the MR damper is introduced; the properties of the novel MR damper are then tested. The experimental results reveal that the Herschel-Bulkley model predicts the force-velocity well; the damping properties of the ameliorated structure of the MR damper have improved; when the excitation is a trigonal signal, the MR damper reveals a thinning effect at high velocity; and when the excitation is a sinusoidal signal, the MR damper reveals a nonlinear hysteretic property between the damping force and relative velocity. Finally, the main unsolved problems have been put forward. __________ Translated from Ningxia Engineering Technology, 2005, 24 (4) (in Chinese)     

磁流变液悬置用于发动机隔振模糊控制

设计了一种基于圆盘挤压模式磁流变悬置,利用试验方法得出了不同激励频率条件下磁流变悬置的循环耗散功与励磁电流的关系.利用磁流变悬置,建立了发动机振动半主动控制的研究模型.提出了一种模糊控制方法,利用转速、加速度和动态拉压力传感器,借助美国国家仪器公司的数据采集和实时控制器,构建了发动机隔振模糊控制试验系统,并开展了怠速和常用工况条件下的发动机振动隔离控制试验研究.研究结果表明,与橡胶悬置相比,基于磁流变悬置的模糊控制系统,能够降低发动机动态激振力传递到支承,并且低转速条件下的振动隔离效果优于高转速条件下的.     

Wear Testing of Seals in Magneto-Rheological Fluids©

Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid-based dampers can be used in suspensions to modify ride, handling, and suspension frequencies in autos. We have developed a unique seal wear test method to simulate the wear of rod seals in Magneto-rheological fluid-based dampers. In this test, seal material samples in the form of rectangular coupons are immersed in a bath of MR fluid, and a section of the rod is brought into contact with the seal coupon. The rod is loaded against the coupon with a known normal force, and a variable-frequency reciprocating machine is used to stroke the rod back and forth across the material coupon surface. Test conditions such as normal load, frequency and amplitude of oscillation, and temperature are adjusted to simulate desired conditions. This bench test method ranks various seal materials qualitatively in the correct order (as determined in field tests with these seal materials) in terms of wear and abrasion resistance and constitutes a valid test procedure for the screening of seal materials, MR fluids, and rod surface coatings.     

Analytical study on damping performances of magnetorheological grease damper based on disk squeeze mode and experimental test

In this paper, a small displacement-type magnetorheological grease (MRG) damper based on disk squeeze mode is proposed. The squeeze flow differential equation is obtained. The Navier slip condition is considered on the surfaces and the boundary compatible condition is established. The radial velocity profiles and the radial pressure distributions are derived respectively, and the mathematical stress expression is calculated. To verify rationality of analytical method, the MRG damper is designed and fabricated according to the technical requirements of an engine vibration isolation system. The experimental damping force from MTS870 Electro-hydraulic Servo with sine wave excitation shows that the proposed analytical method is feasible and provides the reference value for designing MRG damper based on disk squeeze mode.     

Modeling and testing of a field-controllable magnetorheological fluid damper

In this study, an experimental and a theoretical study were carried out to predict the dynamic performance of a linear magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper. After having designed and fabricated the MR damper, its dynamic testing was performed on a mechanical type shock machine under sinusoidal excitation. A theoretical flow analysis was done based on the Bingham plastic constitutive model to predict the behavior of the prototyped MR damper. The theoretical results were then validated by comparing them against experimental data, and it was shown that the flow model can accurately capture the dynamic force range of the MR damper. In addition to the flow model, a modified parametric algebraic model was proposed to capture the hysteretic behavior of the MR damper. The superiority of the proposed modified model was shown by comparing it with the Alg model as well as with a widely adopted modified Bouc-Wen model through an error analysis. It is observed that although all the three models are comparable at the excitation velocities of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m/s, the mAlg model is remarkably successful at the highest excitation velocity of 0.2 m/s over the other two. The improvements in the predictions were found to be over 50%, relative to unmodified model especially at lower current inputs. Therefore, it was concluded that the present flow model can be successfully adopted to design and predict the dynamic behavior of MR dampers, while the mAlg model can be used to develop more effective control algorithms for such devices.     

电流变减振器用于铣床振动控制的试验研究

试验研究了电流变减振器在铣床颤振控制中的应用。试验发现，电流变减振器的刚度及阻尼随外加电场强度的增加而增大，主振系统的振幅随电场强度的增加而减小。试验表明电流变减振器具有控振效果明显、结构简单的特点。只要场强选取适当，采用电流变减振装置可以控制铣床刀杆系统的颤振。     

模糊控制磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮装置并联减振研究

针对磁悬浮装置参振质量大、刚度和阻尼低、振动幅值大时抑制振动效果差的问题,提出一种磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮装置并联减振的方法。由于磁流变阻尼器具有非线性和滞回特性,目前的力学模型还不够精确,为此提出采用模糊控制方法对磁流变阻尼器进行控制,建立了基于TMS320LF2407A DSP的模糊控制磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮并联减振系统。理论分析与实验结果证明,采用模糊控制磁流变阻尼器与磁悬浮装置并联减振,可以达到理想的减振效果,振动幅值可由0.48mm减小到0.16mm。     

采用磁流变阻尼器的人体座椅悬架系统模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制技术研究

对座椅悬架用单出杆式磁流变阻尼器进行阻尼特性试验,并借助MATLAB多项式拟合工具箱对改进多项式模型中未知参数进行辨识。分析人体振动特性,建立五自由度人体座椅悬架模型。综合模糊控制器与自适应模糊神经推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System,ANFIS)整定PID控制器的优点,提出一种模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制策略。采用正弦信号作为外界激励,分别对被动悬架、传统模糊控制、ANFIS-PID控制及模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制人体座椅悬架系统进行仿真分析。结果表明,辨识得出的参数和建立的改进多项式模型均可满足后续仿真要求;采用模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制策略的隔振效果明显优于传统模糊控制及ANFIS-PID控制,能有效改善人体座椅悬架系统的行驶平顺性及驾乘人员乘坐舒适性。     

磁流变减振器原理

这里分析了一种磁流变减振器的原理,用粘度模型描述了磁流变液随外加磁场变化的流变特性,得到的阻尼力方程为这种减振器的设计提供了理论基础。研究结果表明:随着外加磁场的增加,磁流变液的表观粘度增加,减振器产生的阻尼力增大。     

新型挤压油膜阻尼器OSFD的理论研究

将O型环阻尼器与挤压油膜阻尼器组合使用，可以克服SFD设计中固有的缺陷，通过对刚性转子的不平衡响应分析表明，OSFD的设计既可以满足正常设计工况下的小不平衡量，又可以对较大的不平衡量起到良好的减振作用，从而扩大了阻尼器的适用范围，且结构简单，有利于广泛应用。     

磁流变阻尼器设计及实时控制研究

设计了基于混合工作模式的小型磁流变阻尼器,并分析了其力学特性.针对阻尼器的时间响应要求,设计了一种高精度PWM电流驱动器,采用PI控制算法改善电流响应时间.仿真结果表明,电流响应快,精度高,达到稳态值的95%所需的时间约为0.3毫秒.并通过对实物进行试验,得到相应的关系曲线.     

汽车磁流变减振器设计准则探讨

提出了微型汽车磁流变减振器的设计准则,建立了磁流变减振器的理论分析模型来预估减振器阻尼力的大小。测试结果表明,减振器的阻尼力由粘性阻尼力和磁场阻尼力组成,随着磁场强度的增加,减振器的阻尼力也增大,基本上符合理论预估值,说明所建立的理论分析模型是可行的。     

Modeling of a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper using a self tuning fuzzy mechanism

A magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper is a semi-active control device that has recently begun to receive more attention in the vibration control community. However, the inherent nonlinear nature of the MR fluid damper makes it challenging to use this device to achieve high damping control system performance. The development of an accurate modeling method for a MR fluid damper is necessary because of its unique characteristics. Our goal was to develop an alternative method for modeling an MR fluid damper by using a self tuning fuzzy (STF) method based on neural technique. The behavior of the researched damper is directly estimated through a fuzzy mapping system. To improve the accuracy of the STF model, a back propagation and a gradient descent method are used to train online the fuzzy parameters to minimize the model error function. A series of simulations were done to validate the effectiveness of the suggested modeling method when compared with the data measured from experiments on a test rig with a researched MR fluid damper. Finally, modeling results show that the proposed STF interference system trained online by using neural technique could describe well the behavior of the MR fluid damper without need of calculation time for generating the model parameters. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Hong Hee Yoo Kyoung Kwan Ahn received the B.S. degree in the Department of Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1990, the M. Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1992 and the Ph.D. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1999, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea. His research interests are design and control of smart actuator using smart material, fluid power control and active damping control. He is a Member of IEEE, ASME, SICE, RSJ, JSME, KSME, KSPE, KSAE, KFPS, and JFPS. Dinh Quang Truong received the B.S degree from the department of Mechanical Engineering from Hochiminh City University of Technology in 2001. From 2003 to 2006, he worked in the lab of machine design — Mechanical Department of Hochiminh City University of Technology. He is currently Ph.D. candidate at University of Ulsan. His research interests focus on designing and control of new hydraulic actuators, applications to hybrid vehicles with saving energy.     

磁流变阻尼器的分数阶Bingham模型研究

为解决磁流变阻尼器的Bingham模型在拟合阻尼力-位移关系时"具有较高精度,但是无法准确描述阻尼力-速度的滞后"的问题,基于传统Bingham模型进行了改进,应用分数阶微分形式的Bingham模型,更加准确地拟合了速度-阻尼力的滞回特性。在改进的模型中以分数阶导数代替了传统模型中位移的一阶导数,既能够描述磁流变液屈服后的粘性剪切流动,又包含磁流变液体在低剪切速率下未屈服时的弹性变形。对一种磁流变阻尼器进行了实验,比较传统Bingham模型和改进分数阶模型阻尼力-位移和阻尼力-速度拟合的精度,分析分数阶微分项阶数与控制电流及阻尼力-速度滞后特性的关系。实验结果表明,分数阶微分形式的Bingham模型拟合磁流变阻尼器力-位移和力-速度关系,其精度均较传统Bingham模型有明显提高。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的受电弓主动控制分析与验证

作动器是受电弓主动控制系统应用的瓶颈,磁流变阻尼器作为新型材料磁流变液发展而来的智能化元器件具有很多优良特性,将其用于弓网接触力的主动调节。首先建立了精确的磁流变阻尼器正向扩展双曲正切模型和逆向简化双曲正切模型,同时建立了和磁流变阻尼器结合的弓网耦合系统模型;为分析其在不同出力时程下的特性,设计了最优控制器、变结构控制器和模糊控制器对受电弓进行控制,并以SSS400+型受电弓为对象进行验证;最后以实际所需的主动控制力为标准,分析了作动器对理论控制力的跟踪能力。研究结果表明:磁流变阻尼器在不同控制策略的出力时程中均有较好表现,由于其较快的反应时间、较好的跟踪精度和较小的能量消耗,将其作为受电弓主动控制系统中的作动器具有很大的应用价值和发展潜力。     

Vibration control of a frame structure using electro-rheological fluid mounts

A squeeze-mode electro-rheological (ER) mount has been designed, manufactured, and applied to the vibration control of a frame structure subjected to external excitations. After verifying that the damping force of the ER mount can be controlled by controlling the applied voltage, a frame structure system supported by spring mounts and the proposed ER mounts has been assembled. The governing equation of the structural system is derived in the modal coordinate and is rewritten as a state-space control model. An optimal controller, which consists of the velocity feedback signal of the frame structure and the force feedback signal transmitted from the exciting point to the mount position, is formulated in order to attenuate the imposed excitations. The controller has been optimized experimentally and control responses such as the acceleration of the frame structure and the transmitted force at each mount position are presented in both time and frequency domains.     

被动式电磁阻尼器对转子振动进行控制的机理探讨和实验研究

设计了一种新型的被动式电磁阻尼器，其采用直流稳压电源供电，无需控制。本文对该阻尼器用于转子振动控制的机理进行了探讨，实验研究了该阻尼器的减振、增稳效果。结果表明，该阻尼器减振效果明显，结构简单，性能可靠，成本低，有推广应用价值。     

不对中对磁流变液联轴器的影响

从磁流变液的流动特性出发,推导了磁流变液联轴器内外转筒不对中时传递扭矩的理论公式,讨论了磁流变液的工作模式,通过数值模拟的方法研究了不对中对磁流变液压力分布、转筒受力及传递的工作扭矩的影响,得出不对中只会影响磁流变液联轴器的粘性力矩的大小,对磁流变液传递的稳定工作扭矩并没有实质性的影响,但会增加一个周期性变化的压力,在对磁流变液联轴器转筒进行强度设计和密封设计时应计及这一附加压力。     

变阻尼半主动振动控制研究现状

半主动控制系统在国内外得到很多关注,已取得了很大的研究进展。通过对结构振动控制的概述,介绍了变阻尼半主动控制的控制装置和控制算法的研究现状,并指出结构振动半主动控制工程应用所面临的几个主要问题。     

Development of an ankle physiotherapy device using an MR damper

This paper presents design and development of an ankle physiotherapy device using a linear MR (magnetorheological) damper. After exploring many possible configurations of the MR valve, the proposed design makes sure that the damper is test- and research-friendly in that the damper can be easily assembled and disassembled with simple tools and procedure. The structural and functional integrity of the damper was maintained even with the simple layout of the damper. The dimensions of the MR valve are optimally determined using finite element analysis. The damper performance under steady shear is experimentally evaluated with an INSTRON test machine. The test results showed that the prototype had fulfilled the basic requirements of the desired MR ankle physiotherapy.