一种新的热能地下存储技术

分析了目前热能地下储热技术的现状,提出了用混凝土储热桩（仓）来存储热能,指出了技术方法的可行性。     

A review of large‐scale electrical energy storage

This paper gives a broad overview of a plethora of energy storage technologies available on the large‐scale complimented with their capabilities conducted by a thorough literature survey. According to the capability graphs generated, thermal energy storage, flow batteries, lithium ion, sodium sulphur, compressed air energy storage, and pumped hydro storage are suitable for large‐scale storage in the order of 10's to 100's of MWh; metal air batteries have a high theoretical energy density equivalent to that of gasoline along with being cost efficient; compressed air energy storage has the lowest capital energy cost in comparison to other energy storage technologies; flywheels, super conducting magnetic storage, super capacitors, capacitors, and pumped hydro storage have very low energy density; compressed air energy storage, cryogenic energy storage, thermal energy storage, and batteries have relatively high energy density; high efficiencyin tandem with high energy density results in a cost efficient storage system; and power density pitted against energy density provides a clear demarcation between power and energy applications. This paper also provides a mathematical model for thermal energy storage as a battery. Furthermore, a comprehensive techno‐economic evaluation of the various energy storage technologies would assist in the development of an energy storage technology roadmap. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using demolition wastes from urban regeneration as sensible thermal energy storage material

Efficient use of solar energy in industrial applications calls for a cost‐effective thermal energy storage (TES) system. Packed bed is a viable technology for high‐temperature TES applications. The packing material acting as the TES material has to be sustainable with favorable thermal properties and compatible with the heat transfer fluid. Demolition wastes—leftovers from urban regeneration projects—in many countries are a big burden economically and environmentally. This paper aims to investigate the potential of using demolition wastes as sensible thermal energy storage (STES) material in packed bed column for industrial solar applications below 300°C. STES material samples have been prepared using binding additives with demolition waste dust. Chemical composition, mechanical strength, and thermal analysis tests have been carried out to determine suitability of STES samples. The DSC results showed that new STES samples had average specific heat capacity of 1000 to 1460 J/kg C in temperature range of 100°C to 500°C. The samples were thermally stable until 750°C under TGA analysis. These results showed that demolition wastes are potential low‐cost sensible heat storage material for applications up to 750°C. Furthermore, valorization of demolition wastes as sensible heat storage material is a sustainable approach in reducing fossil fuel consumption of high‐temperature industrial applications and avoiding the use of natural resources as packing material.     

Current situation of mobilized thermal energy storage technology and its problem discussion

高能耗企业生产过程中伴生的低品位热能,在供应与需求之间存在时空不匹配的矛盾,难以通过传统管道输送的模式加以利用。而移动式储热供热技术将能量收集、能量存储与输送以及能量供给有机结合,摒弃了管道输送的诸多弊端。详细分析了移动储热供热技术的国内外基础研究现状以及工程应用现状,并在此基础上,归纳了移动储热供热技术所面临的问题;之后提出一套移动式余热能模块化存储利用方案,并针对该方案的应用模式、经济性等问题进行详细阐述;最后展望了移动储热供热技术的市场前景与产业化。     

Application characteristics of heat storage material system

电储热技术是当前适应煤改电环保需求和清洁供暖发展趋势的一项新技术,各种温度级别的储热材料均存在,根据需求选择并制备材料,进而设计电热储能的系统结构成为储热研究关键内容。本文针对蓄热材料的热性能进行了应用特性研究,分析并提出一种蓄热材料温度体系,并对高温蓄热材料应用特点进行了系统设计分析与比较,提出一种基于特制氧化镁的电阻式蓄热系统设计方法,并分析其特点。     

Potential applications of thermal energy storage in electric power generation sector (Ⅱ)

简要介绍了储热技术在电力系统中最有潜力的四种具体应用技术,包括太阳能热发电,压缩空气储能,深冷储能,热泵储电,指出了太阳能热发电储热技术在短期内具有很大发展潜力,目前双罐式液体显热储热(储冷)具有较好的整体效率,将在电力系统储热技术中发挥重要的作用.     

Advances in thermal energy storage development at the German Aerospace Center(DLR)

Thermal energy storage(TES)is a key technology for renewable energy utilization and the improvement of the energy efficiency of heat processes.Sectors include industrial process heat and conventional and renewable power generation.TES systems correct the mismatch between supply and demand of thermal energy.In the medium to high temperature range(100~1000℃),only limited storage technology is commercially available and a strong effort is needed to develop a range of storage technologies which are efficient and economical for the very specific requirements of the different application sectors.At the DLR's Institute of Technical Thermodynamics,the complete spectrum of high temperature storage technologies,from various types of sensible over latent heat to thermochemical heat storages are being developed.Different concepts are proposed depending on the heat transfer fluid(synthetic oil,water/steam,molten salt,air)and the required temperature range.The aim is the development of cost effective,efficient and reliable thermal storage systems.Research focuses on characterization of storage materials,enhancement of internal heat transfer,design of innovative storage concepts and modelling of storage components and systems.Demonstration of the storage technology takes place from laboratory scale to field testing(5 kW^1 MW).The paper gives an overview on DLR's current developments.     

一种新型太阳能冷库系统的模拟及实验研究

针对太阳能光伏发电技术、需求侧管理（DSM）技术和储能技术提出一种新型太阳能冷库系统。探讨利用冷能储存和光伏发电来减少和转移峰值电力需求、降低电力消耗成本的潜力。建立系统的仿真模型并通过实验进一步修正,结果表明系统在5—8月份基本可节约60%以上的电费,能源节约率最高可达48.38%,相应的电费支付最高可节省65.40%。     

Current application situation and development prospect of physical energy storage technologies

作为可再生能源并网的关键技术,可再生能源的高速发展也带动了储能产业的发展和成熟。物理储能技术,发展历史长,技术较为成熟,部分已实现商业化运作;以抽水蓄能为代表,是电网调峰的主力,也在储能市场容量中占据着绝对份额。但无论是传统抽水蓄能,还是压缩空气储能都对环境、地理地质条件有较高的要求,极大地制约了这些技术的普遍推广和应用。因此物理储能也经历着应用模式的变革、传统技术向新兴技术转化的过程。虽然抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能和飞轮储能三种物理储能技术在原理、应用领域、安装容量以及未来发展趋势上各不相同, 但作为战略新兴技术,都需要技术的突破、政策和资金的支持以及更多的市场应用机会。     

The review of thermal management technology for large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage system

大容量锂离子电池储能系统对完善传统电网和高效利用新能源都具有非常重要的作用。为了实现大容量锂离子电池储能系统的高倍率化、长寿命化以及高安全性,高性能电池热管理系统的研发刻不容缓。本文总结了温度对锂离子电池性能的影响规律,综述了空冷、液冷、热管冷却、相变冷却这4种典型热管理技术的研究概况,分析了热管理技术在锂离子电池储能系统中的应用与研究状况。随着锂离子电池储能系统工作倍率的提高,产热量随之增大,对热管理系统的要求也越来越高。下一步的研究工作应围绕空冷系统优化、基于新型冷却介质的液冷系统、经济型热管及多目标优化设计这4方面展开。     

Form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage

The present paper considers the state of investigations and developments in form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Paraffins, fatty acids and their blends, polyethylene glycol are widely used as latent heat storage component in developing form-stable materials while high-density polyethylene (HDPE), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer, Eudragit S, Eudragit E, poly (vynil chloride) (PVC), poly (vynil alcohol) (PVA) and polyurethane block copolymer serve as structure supporting component. A set of organic and metallo-organic materials with high transition heat in solid-solid state is considered as perspective for-stable materials to store thermal energy. Another perspective class of form-stable materials are the materials on the basis of such porous materials as expanded perlite and vermiculite impregnated with phase change heat storage materials. The technology of producing new form-stable ultrafine heat storage fibers is developed. It opens availability to produce the clothers with improved heat storage ability for extremely cold regions. The perspective fields of application of form-stable materials are discussed. The further directions of investigations and developments are considered.     

Need for thermal-storage air-conditioning in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the growth of demand for electrical energy in the rapidly expanding towns, cities and industries, far exceeds the growth of the power being made available. Recently the Saudi Consolidated Electric Companies (SCECO) are facing a shortage of electricity during the summer period mainly due to the high consumption of electricity in the air conditioning sector. The incorporation of thermal energy storage (TES) technologies with a conventional air conditioning system is found to be an appropriate solution for energy-demand management. In this paper an introductory overview of thermal storage air conditioning is presented, comparing phase change (e.g. ice) and sensible heat (e.g. chilled water) storage technologies. The pros and cons of each are evaluated. The suitability of TES technology for the Saudi HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) industry is explored with the benefits to the owner such as: reduced energy consumption; less operation and maintenance costs; and downsizing of the chiller plant and system for new facility; alternative to new chiller installation to cater for increased cooling load; and stored water as a fire protection source. Furthermore, an economic study has been presented to illustrate the feasibility of TES based air conditioning in Saudi Arabia.     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

Using Parallel Packed Bed within a High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP-Plants

In order to optimize the electricity yield of CSP （concentrated solar power） plants, TES （thermal energy storage） systems are regarded as an essential component. Furthermore, for many electricity grid operators, it is important to have spinning reserves in the grid and dispatchable power available, both offered by CSP-plants with integrated thermal energy storage. Enolcon is developing a new TES-system since several years. The system itself was designed to offer a principle simple and robust setup （with regard to execution and operation） and which is reducing the electricity costs of CSP-power plants by the consequent use of state of the art technology. Furthermore, such system shall be open to future developments of CSP-systems with regard to increasing steam temperatures and steam pressure. Such TES-system shall be commercially available for large scale application already in year 2014/2015. The key elements of the enolcon-TES are the open cycle using always ambient air with an air-air-heat exchanger and the arrangement of the storage material in such way to minimize the pressure losses and the own electricity consumption. The development is progressing in a structured way by studies, engineering works, TES-pilot plants, isothermal air flow test plant for the verification of the CFD-calculations, and since end of 2012 by the operation of a high temperature TES-module with all features of the large scale modules.     

重力储能技术研究进展

储能技术主要是指电能的储存,是智能电网的重要环节。当前应用最广泛的储能系统为抽水储能,但其选址困难、对环境影响较大、对水资源依赖严重。重力储能作为一种新型的储能技术,以重物为储能媒介,原理简单且形式多样,能够充分发挥不同的地理优势进行储能。相对于传统储能技术,重力储能技术具有非常明显的优势。根据山地重力储能、悬重式重力储能、塔吊式重力储能、铁轨重力储能和重力储能式飞机等5种形式的重力储能技术,对现阶段重力储能技术的研究进展进行了综述。结合重力储能技术的原理、特点以及我国储能领域的发展方向和需求,对重力储能技术的应用前景进行了分析并提出建议。研究内容和提出的建议可以为我国重力储能技术的理论研究和发展应用提供参考。     

Sensible heat storage in a single tank using molten salt and associated natural convection heat transfer

熔融盐双罐显热储热技术已较为成熟,但储热成本较高。为了降低储热成本,本文提出在储热罐内布置浸没式换热器实现熔盐单罐储热和释热新方法,分析了熔融盐单罐储热基本原理,在此基础上模拟分析了垂直布置交错排列两根水平圆柱表面熔融盐自然对流传热的规律。研究发现,为了增强管排表面自然对流传热,两根圆柱的垂直间距不宜过小,而水平间距不宜过大,这些研究结果为熔融盐单罐储热设计提供理论基础。     

Solar Thermal Power Towers

The solar thermal central receiver technology, known as solar power towers, is rapidly evolving to a state of near-term energy availability for electrical power generation and industrial process heat applications. The systems consist of field arrays of heliostat reflectors, a central receiver boiler, short term thermal storage devices, and either turbine-generators or heat exchangers. Fluid temperatures up to 550°C are currently achievable, and technology developments are underway to reach 1100°C. Six solar power towers are now under construction or in test operation in five countries around the world.     

海上储能技术发展动态与前景

海洋拥有巨大的能源资源潜力,而储能技术是新能源革命的关键,推动海上储能技术发展势在必行。本文首先阐述了海上储能技术的出现与发展,以风电、锂电、多能互补技术在海上储能的实际应用为例,介绍了储能技术从陆地到海洋的技术转移模式。其次列举了能够利用海水特点、适应海洋环境的储能技术与形式。海水运动虽复杂多变却蕴含丰富的能量,纳米发电机能够对海水运动能量进行有效收集。最后从长期、短期、应用场景三方面展望了海上储能技术的发展前景,总结指出海上储能技术在清洁开发利用海洋能源中的重要性以及推进海上储能技术发展在新能源革命时代的必要性。     

Development and research status on the technology of direct contact thermal energy storage

直接接触式蓄热技术利用换热工质与蓄热材料接触并形成对流换热的特点,强化了蓄热器内的换热效果,提高了蓄放热速率,在国内外受到了广泛关注。本文针对直接接触式蓄热技术,从蓄热材料、蓄热器和应用案例三个方面对该技术的发展和研究现状进行了总结,将直接接触式蓄热技术常见材料分为了有机类材料和无机类材料,并对材料的热物性参数和性能进行了比较,讨论了过冷、相分离、导热系数较低和热稳定性等影响材料性能的关键指标。在蓄热器方面,总结了直接接触式蓄热器内材料熔化和流动规律、归纳了直接接触式蓄热器传热和优化方法,针对目前解决直接接触式蓄热器材料沉积问题的措施进行了分析,并给出了建议措施。最后,结合示范工程或商业案例对直接接触式蓄热技术的应用情况进行了回顾,旨在总结应用经验,为该技术的进一步推广提供依据和支持。     

Thermal Energy Storage and Phase Change Materials: An Overview

The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in industry and buildings. Latent heat storage is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can generate electricity, provide hot water, heat and cool a house, and provide lighting for buildings. Paraffin waxes are cheap and have moderate thermal energy storage density but low thermal conductivity and, hence, require a large surface area. Hydrated salts have a larger energy storage density and a higher thermal conductivity. In response to increasing electrical energy costs and the desire for better lad management, thermal storage technology has recently been developed. The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on the efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in the industry and buildings. Thermal storage has been characterized as a kind of thermal battery.