基于耦合测试信息元数据模型的构件集成测试

文中提出一个方法,由构件开发方提供有关构件内接口变量定义和使用的信息,以提高构件的可测试性和可理解性.形式化地定义了构件耦合测试准则,定义-使用属性和观察点值.在此基础上,引入包含上述两项属性的定义-使用表(DU表),给出基于该表的构件框架.最后将上述方法应用于自主开发的构件中,并生成了相应的测试用例.将文中提出的方法与Orso方法和Kan方法进行了相关的比较,结果表明文中方法无论在测试用例生成,还是在变异发现上都更有效.     

一种面向数值模拟软件的持续集成平台

随着软件复杂度的增加和交付需求的变化,快速集成和自动部署成为高性能数值模拟软件推广应用的瓶颈。为满足软件构建和发布的差异化需求,简化从用户需求到软件发布的工作流程,基于Jenkins设计持续集成平台,实现软件静态审查、编译、测试和发布流程的自动化,全面记录软件构建日志和测试结果。利用Docker技术将构建环境容器化,实现环境的快速搭建和配置管理,满足多样化目标环境需求。该平台的实际应用效果显示,基于该平台的产品发布周期相比之前缩短约75%,可极大简化软件安装和部署难度。     

A knowledge-based test plan generator for incremental unit and integration software testing

Unit and integration testing are two expected levels of testing for conventionally designed programs. This article presents a system for the automatic generation of test plans for incremental unit and integration testing. Starting from a global task of planning integration testing, the system generates a detailed test plan automatically for a given program on the basis of its decomposition as a software structure. The system is implemented as a frame-based system. It supports four standard ways of assembling units during integration, and two ways of testing according to parallelism. It also takes into account the units that require more testing than others. The system greatly improves the productivity of planning integration testing in comparison with the current practice of producing test plans manually. Experiments have shown a minimum productivity increase of 55 times. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A formal approach to perfective software maintenance: System integration using a basis of formal object-oriented components

We investigate how a formalism known as a basis and common to many areas of applied mathematics and engineering can be applied to perfective maintenance and the integration of application systems in software engineering, using an object-oriented approach. It is concluded that this formalism serves as a mathematical model for perfective software maintenance and software systems integration activities under object-oriented development. Theorems and properties about the model are reported as guides to software maintenance. The model and formal maintenance techniques have been applied to a software system in the management information systems area to demonstrate this approach to perfective maintenance and to assist in validating the model.     

基于构件的软件测试若干问题分析

论述了构件软件测试中的相关问题，重点讨论了构件软件的缺陷分析，构件软件的测试策略，测试充分性标准，构件测试中存在问题和挑战以及可能的解决方案探讨等。通过研究，体会到构件技术给软件开发带来人们所期望的好处的同时，也带来了新的问题和挑战，人们对构件技术的运用，特别是对构件软件测试制品的运用，应该更加谨慎。     

Coupling-based criteria for integration testing

Integration testing is an important part of the testing process, but few integration testing techniques have been systematically studied or defined. The goal of this research is to develop practical, effective, formalizable, automatable techniques for testing of connections between components during software integration. This paper presents an integration testing technique that is based on couplings between software components. This technique can be used to support integration testing of software components, and satisfies part of the USA's Federal Aviation Authority's requirements for structural coverage analysis of software. The coupling-based testing technique is described, and the coverage criteria for three types of couplings are defined. Techniques and algorithms for developing coverage analysers to measure the extent to which a test set satisfies the criteria are presented, and results from a comparative case study are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于软构件技术的数字校园系统的开发与集成

为实现数字校园系统的信息化,科学化和可视化,分析了现有数字校园系统特点,提出了一种基于CORBA的GIS应用系统和教学管理信息系统的集成框架.详细阐述了该系统的体系结构和总体设计思想,在此基础上,从可复用构件的软件开发思路,并针对校园特定领域,分析了各类相关构件的获取、分类和组装方法.最后,结合实际系统阐明了可复用软构件技术能有效地缩短系统的开发周期,降低软件维护难度,优化整个系统.     

浅谈面向对象软件类的测试

面向对象软件测试与传统的软件测试区别不大,只有类和类簇的测试才体现了面向对象软件测试的特点,而两者之间又以类的测试最为关键。本文通过对状态机模型生成类的测试序列的方法和代码实现以及基于状态测试法的测试数据生成的问题的探讨,认为基于状态的测试方法和基于代数规约的测试方法(ASTOOT方法)将是类测试的主要的发展方向,其余方法大多只能以辅助的面貌出现。     

Using component metadata to regression test component‐based software

Increasingly, modern‐day software systems are being built by combining externally‐developed software components with application‐specific code. For such systems, existing program‐analysis‐based software engineering techniques may not directly apply, due to lack of information about components. To address this problem, the use of component metadata has been proposed. Component metadata are metadata and metamethods provided with components, that retrieve or calculate information about those components. In particular, two component‐metadata‐based approaches for regression test selection are described: one using code‐based component metadata and the other using specification‐based component metadata. The results of empirical studies that illustrate the potential of these techniques to provide savings in re‐testing effort are provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

构件分层元数据对象参考模型的设计

在概述构件元数据的基本定义基础上,引入了分层元数据对象的概念,将其分为描述性元数据和操作性元数据两种类型,进一步对其中的具体内容按照层次概念进行了详细描述,并给出了其形式化定义.基于此,用UML的类图给出了构件元数据对象的形式化描述,并结合构件使用方对元数据系统的需求,给出了一个分层元数据系统的结构框架.     

Testing control software using a genetic algorithm

Complex software is difficult to test. When that software has been developed by a third party in response to a requirements specification and is to be used in an electronic control unit in the automotive, aerospace or marine industries, this testing process can be even more difficult, but is an essential task. However, testing all possible combinations of inputs to software can be time-consuming, tedious and may be intractable. This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) designed to search for significant input and output combinations to a software control system. By “significant” is meant those which produce an output (or result) which is not in line with the original specification. It is intended that such a tool should be used to support the human tester by focusing their attention on areas of concern which they can investigate further.     

一种大型软件测试方法

总结了一种结合功能测试和性能测试的测试方法,其中功能测试方法由功能测试流程和功能测试用例设计方法组成.性能测试方法由性能测试流程、测试工具选择、性能测试指标设计和性能调优方法组成.实践证明,该方法能够达到对大型软件进行功能和性能把关的目的.     

Testing with model checkers: a survey

About a decade after the initial proposal to use model checkers for the generation of test cases we take a look at the results in this field of research. Model checkers are formal verification tools, capable of providing counterexamples to violated properties. Normally, these counterexamples are meant to guide an analyst when searching for the root cause of a property violation. They are, however, also very useful as test cases. Many different approaches have been presented, many problems have been solved, yet many issues remain. This survey paper reviews the state of the art in testing with model checkers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈面向对象软件类的测试

面向对象软件测试与传统的软件测试区别不大,只有类和类簇的测试才体现了面向对象软件测试的特点,而两者之间又以类的测试最为关键。本文通过对状态机模型生成类的测试序列的方法和代码实现以及基于状态测试法的测试数据生成的问题的探讨,认为基于状态的测试方法和基于代数规约的测试方法（ASTOOT方法）将是类测试的主要的发展方向,其余方法大多只能以辅助的面貌出现。     

基于变更模型的元数据在构件回归测试中的应用研究

本文针对Orso元数据方法的不足,对构件可能的变更进行了充分分析和分类,并按照分类情况对相关的构件变更处理方法进行了详尽的形式化描述,构造了构件变更模型,描述了每个变更的具体表现形式,论述了方法变更到构件接口变更的映射机制和算法,给出了算法实现的框架,并将这些理论模型应用到自主开发的构件RegisterStuGrade中,与没有元数据情况下的回归测试用例生成技术以及Orso方法进行回归测试用例数和回归测试运行时间两方面的分析和对比,给出了比较结果.     

Test criteria and coverage measures for software integration testing

The aim of this paper is to introduce a systematic approach to integration testing of software systems. Various test data selection criteria for integration testing are presented, coverage measures are introduced, and interconnection between them are discussed. The main principle is to transfer and adapt test criteria and coverage measures which are useful for unit testing to the level of integration testing. Test criteria help the tester to organise the test process. They should be chosen in accordance with the available test effort. Test coverage measures are defined as a ratio between the test cases required for satisfying the criteria and those of these which have been executed. The measures are used to obtain information about the completeness of integration tests. The approach is described for data flow and control flow oriented criteria and measures. The intention is to enable the tester to specify integration tests in advance in terms of effort, and to evaluate the results in terms of test completeness.     

自动驾驶软件测试技术研究综述

自动驾驶系统（autonomous driving system,ADS）是一种集成高精度传感器、人工智能和地图导航系统等模块的信息—物理融合系统。该类系统中的自动驾驶软件完成了从高级辅助驾驶到无人驾驶任务中关键的感知、定位、预测、规划和控制任务。随着深度学习和强化学习等人工智能技术的发展和车载硬件设备的不断升级,高级别的自动驾驶软件已经逐渐应用于多种安全攸关的场景中,保障其运行稳定性与可靠性的测试技术逐渐成为学术界和产业界的研究重点。本文在广泛调研国内外文献基础上,对自动驾驶软件测试技术进行了深入分析与梳理。结合自动驾驶软件的架构特点及系统特征,讨论了面向自动驾驶系统的仿真测试和实景测试,以及面向组件的测试技术。其中,在仿真方法方面,分析了软件仿真、半实体仿真和在环仿真等技术;在仿真对象方面,讨论了静态环境仿真、动态场景仿真、传感器仿真和车辆动力学仿真等。同时,本文介绍了当前实景测试的进展与情况,重点分析了实景测试案例中的得失优劣。在面向自动驾驶软件组件的测试技术方面,重点讨论了当前数据驱动技术在感知组件、决策规划组件,以及控制组件测试方面的进展。最后,本文总结分析了自动驾驶软件测试当前面临的挑战,并对未来自动驾驶软件测试技术的研究方向和研究重点进行了展望。     

Developing control and integration software for flexible manufacturing systems

The slow growth of computer-integrated manufacturing is attributed to the complexity of designing and implementing their control and integration software. This article expands on a methodology for designing and implementing this software that was introduced in [16]. The goal of this methodology is to build flexible and resuable control and integration software for computer-integrated manufacturing systems. It hinges upon the concepts of software/hardware components, their assemblages, a distributed common language environment, formal models, and generic controllers. Major sources of flexibility are obtained by decoupling process plan models from the model of the factory floor and by using a generic controller. Reusability is achieved by building selfcontained software/hardware components with general, possibly parametrized, interfaces. The interplay between simulated and actual hardware internals of software/hardware components is used as the basis of a testing strategy that performs off-line simulation followed by on-line testing.The methodology has been applied in designing and implementing the control and integration software of an actual Prismatic Machining Cell. The article also reports on the details of this implementation.The names of the authors appear in alphabetical order.     

B/S结构ERP管理软件的测试方法研究

软件测试是软件开发过程中非常重要的一个环节,直接关系着软件的质量。文中阐述了软件各个开发阶段需要进行的测试,并以B/S结构ERP管理软件为代表,着重介绍了系统实现阶段软件测试的方法,同时简要描述了软件维护阶段测试的过程和方法,最后总结了软件测试可能的发展方向。     

Testing network management software

A fourth wave of computer-based network management systems is here. Experienced network managers worry about the reliability of software. This discussion provides ways of testing software to improve software and system reliability, and it proposes a reliability footprint in-process metric to monitor the effectiveness of a test program. Systematic ways of moving from debugging to assuring reliable network management systems are emphasized.