4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间二苯酚光度法测定奶粉中的锌含量

研究了显色剂4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间二苯酚与锌的显色反应.在pH=9.0的硼砂-盐酸缓冲溶液中,非离子表面活性剂OP存在下.锌与4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间二苯酚反应形成红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为500nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.24×104L·,moL-1·cm-1.锌含量在0～60μg/50mL范围内符合比尔定律.该方法用于测定奶粉中的锌含量测定,加标回收率为97.8%～103.6%,相对标准偏差小于3.6%.     

4-(5-氯-2-吡啶)-偶氮-1,3-二氨基苯光度法测定电镀废水中的微量镍(Ⅱ)

4-(5-氯-2-吡啶)-偶氮-1,3-二氨基苯(5-Cl-PADAB)可与镍发生灵敏的显色反应,生成稳定的配位化合物。基于此建立了一种测定电镀废水中微量镍的光度法。结果表明:在2.0 mol/L HCl介质中,5-Cl-PADAB与Ni(Ⅱ)反应生成摩尔比2∶1的稳定配位化合物,其最大吸收波长为565 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.42×104 L/(mol.cm),Ni(Ⅱ)含量在0～1.0 mg/L内符合比尔定律;该方法用于测定电镀废水中微量镍,结果与催化-分光光度法相符,相对标准偏差小于4.0%,加标回收率为98.5%～101.8%。     

用光度法同时测定合金镀液中的锌和镍

利用吸光度具有加和性和吸收比恒定的特点,在pH=8.0的NH4Cl-NH3·H2O缓冲体系中,以TritonX-100(OP)为表面活性剂,用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-苯酚(PAN)作显色荆,同时测定锌和镍.结果表明,锌的吸收比为K1=0.540,线性范围为5～30μg/mL;镍的吸收比为K2=0.753,线性范围为5～30μg/mL.此法用于合金镀液中锌和镍的同时测定,取得了较满意的结果.     

1-偶氮苯-3-(6-甲氧基-2-苯骈噻唑)-三氮烯显色光度法测定镀镍液中微量铜

研究了1-偶氮苯-3-(6-甲氧基-2-苯骈噻唑)-三氮烯(AMBT)与铜的显色反应,在pH=10.0的Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液中,在Triton X-100存在下,AMBT与Cu2 反应生成2:1稳定配合物,其最大吸收波长为560 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.36×104 L/(mol·cm).铜含量在0～12 μg/25 mL内符合比尔定律,方法用于测定镀镍液中微量铜,结果与原子吸收法(AAS)相符,6次测定值相对标准偏差＜2%.     

彼阳新盖口服液中乳酸钙和葡萄糖酸锌含量测定

本文研究乳酸钙、葡萄糖酸锌含量的测定。以(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)为指示剂,乙二胺四乙酸二钠为滴定剂,通过控制溶液酸度分别测定彼阳新盖口服液中乳酸钙和微量葡萄糖酸锌的含量;同时还应用meso-四-(4-(4-甲基,3-磺基苯)卟啉分光光度法直接测定口服液中微量的葡萄糖酸锌,结果准确。     

电镀废水中镍(Ⅱ)的6-氯-苯并噻唑偶氮苯甲酸显色光度法测定

在pH值为5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,在乳化剂OP存在的条件下,利用6-氯-苯并噻唑偶氮苯甲酸(6-Cl-BTAEB)与镍的显色反应测定电镀废水中的镍含量.结果表明:反应生成的配合物中的Ni(Ⅱ)与6-Cl-BTAEB摩尔比为1:2;镍含量低于400μg/L时符合比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.59×10~5L/(mol·cm);该法用于测定电镀废水中的微量镍,结果与催化-分光光度法相符,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,加标回收率为97.6%～105.5%.     

Triton X-100-5-Br-PADAP分光光度法选择性测定乳粉中微量铁

报道了以2-(5-溴-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)为显色剂,应用分光光度法高选择性测定铁(Ⅲ)的新方法。实验结果表明,在pH4.0的乙醇介质中和Triton X—100、盐酸羟氨存在下,以746nm为测定波长,可选择性测定铁(Ⅲ)含量。本法线性范围为0～1.3μg/ml,表观摩尔吸收系数为2.94×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),批内和批间精密度cv%分别为1.2%、2.3%,平均回收率为98.9%。已用于乳粉中微量铁的直接测定,常见共存成分对测定无干扰。     

用5-氯-苯骈噻唑偶氮苯甲酸光度法测定电镀废水中的微量铜

研究了5-氯-苯骈噻唑偶氮苯甲酸(5-Cl-BTAEB)与铜的显色反应.在pH值为3.5的HAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,在乳化剂OP存在下,5-Cl-BTAEB与Cu(Ⅱ)生成2:1稳定配合物,最大吸收波长为655nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.17×104L/(mol·cm),由此建立了一种新的Cu(Ⅱ)测定方法.铜含量在0～480.0μg/L内符合比尔定律,该方法用于测定电镀废水中微量铜,结果与萃取-催化褪色光度法相符.实际样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于4%,加标回收率为98.0%～103.5%.     

1-取代的4-硝基咪唑含能衍生物的合成、表征及热分解性能?

以4-硝基咪唑为原料,通过与2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶、2,6-二氯-3-硝基吡啶缩合,合成出未见文献报道的化合物6-(4-硝基-咪唑-1-基)-2-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(1#)及6-氯-3-硝基-2-(4-硝基-咪唑-1-基)-吡啶(3#),收率分别为65%、52%;并采用此种方法优化了3-硝基-2-(4-硝基-咪唑-1-基)-吡啶(2#)的合成,收率为85%。进一步尝试了化合物3#的叠氮化反应,得到5-叠氮基-6-硝基四唑基[1,5-a]吡啶(4#)。采用核磁共振、质谱、红外光谱、元素分析等方法对相关化合物的结构进行了表征。利用TG和DSC分析法研究了化合物1#的热行为,结果表明:化合物1#的初始分解温度为221.83℃,分解放热总量为302.65 k J/mol,热失重温度范围为209.17~398.67℃,累计热失重71.84%。     

碱性锌酸盐镀锌液中辅助光亮剂苄基吡啶鎓-3-羧酸盐的紫外吸收分光光度法测定

为测定碱性锌酸盐镀锌液中辅助光亮剂苄基吡啶鎓-3-羧酸盐(BPC)的浓度,采用紫外分光光度法,确定了锌酸盐镀锌辅助光亮剂BPC的最大紫外吸收波长,探讨了光亮剂聚胺、氢氧化钠浓度对测定的影响。结果表明:光亮剂聚胺、氢氧化钠浓度对测定的影响较小。在BPC浓度为1~10 mg/L的条件下,测定相对误差在2%以内。由实际电镀过程分析得知,BPC的消耗量为0.45 g/(k A·h)。该方法简便、准确、快速,可作为锌酸盐镀锌液中辅助光亮剂BPC的检测方法。     

Real gas choked flow conditions at low reduced-temperatures

Real gas choked mass flux is calculated for a frictionless stream expanding isentropically until it reaches the speed of sound and without phase changes. The other parameters associated with the choked state are the pressure, density, temperature ratios, and the speed of sound. Departure of the choked mass flux from the ideal gas model is discussed first in absolute terms and then in relative terms, using the Principle of Corresponding States, for gases with boiling points in the low temperature range. Reduced-stagnation pressures are examined up to values of 30 for hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, argon, methane, krypton, xenon, and R-14 and up to 100 for ⁴He. The corresponding reduced-stagnation temperatures go down to 1.4 and in some cases down to 1.2 for nitrogen and argon. Also discussed are the limiting values of stagnation parameters for which no phase change occurs in the choked state. Compared to the ideal gas, the mass flux may almost double and the critical pressure ratio may decrease by an order of magnitude. The relevance of results is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively for Joule-Thomson cryocooling.     

As-cast microstructures and behavior at high temperature of chromium-rich cobalt-based alloys containing hafnium carbides

Hafnium is often used to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of superalloys but not to form carbides for strengthen them against creep. In this work hafnium was added in cobalt-based alloys for verifying that HfC can be obtained in cobalt-based alloys and for characterizing their behavior at a very temperature. Three Co–25Cr–0.25 and 0.50C alloys containing 3.7 and 7.4 Hf to promote HfC carbides, and four Co–25Cr– 0 to 1C alloys for comparison (all contents in wt.%), were cast and exposed at 1200 °C for 50 h in synthetic air. The HfC carbides formed instead chromium carbides during solidification, in eutectic with matrix and as dispersed compact particles. During the stage at 1200 °C the HfC carbides did not significantly evolve, even near the oxidation front despite oxidation early become very fast and generalized. At the same time the chromium carbides present in the Co–Cr–C alloys totally disappeared in the same conditions. Such HfC-alloys potentially bring efficient and sustainable mechanical strengthening at high temperature, but their hot oxidation resistance must be significantly improved.     

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on superalloy

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate has been investigated. Cyclic high temperature oxidation tests were conducted on uncoated and coated samples at peak temperatures of 900 °C for up to 100 thermal cycles between the peak and room temperatures. The results showed that a dense scale formed on the coated samples during thermal cycling at the peak temperature of 900 °C. The external scale exhibited good spallation resistance during cyclic oxidation testing at both temperatures. The improvement in oxide scale spallation resistance is believed to be related to the fine-grained structure of the coating. Nanostructured Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate were deposited by DC/RF magnetron sputtering. FE-SEM/EDS, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and formation of different phases in the coatings, respectively. The Co–Al coating on superalloy substrate showed better performance of cyclic high temperature oxidation resistance due to its possession of β-CoAl phase as Al reservoir and the formation of Al₂O₃ and spinel phases such as CoCr₂O₄ and CoAl₂O₄ in scale. The oxidation results confirmed an improved oxidation resistance of the Co–Al coating on superalloy as compare to bare substrate in air at 900 °C temperature up to 100 cycles.     

Capacitance based mass metering for cryogenic fluids

This paper describes a method for measuring the mass of cryogenic fluids in on-board rocket propellant tanks or ground storage tanks. Linear approximations to the Clausius-Mossotti relationship serve as the foundation for a capacitance based mass sensor, regardless of fluid density stratification or tank shape. Sensor design considerations are presented along with the experimental results for a capacitance based mass gage tested in liquid nitrogen. This test data is shown to be consistent with theory resulting in a demonstrated mass measurement accuracy of ±0.75% and a deviation from linearity of less than ±0.30% of full scale mass. Theoretical accuracies are also shown to be ±0.73% for hydrogen and ±1.39% for oxygen for a select range of pressures and temperatures.     

Equipment using a “static-analytic” method for solubility measurements in potentially hazardous binary mixtures under cryogenic temperatures

A new apparatus designed to study, at cryogenic temperatures, thermodynamic equilibria of potentially explosive binary systems such as hydrocarbon-oxygen mixtures is described herein. This equipment has an equilibrium cell which was especially designed to minimize hazards while allowing accurate phase equilibrium measurements. Reliability of results, obtained with this equipment has been verified by working on the nitrogen-propane system, for which data are already available in literature, over a large range of compositions and at various temperatures. Four isothermal curves describing liquid phase compositions at 109.98, 113.77, 119.75 and 125.63 K have been determined. Our experimental data are represented within 2% in compositions and in pressures through the Peng-Robinson equation of state implying Mathias-Copeman alpha function and Huron-Vidal mixing rule. Comparisons to literature allow pointing out: good agreement is observed with Kremer and Knapp data (1983) while the three sets of Poon and Lu data (1974) presenting systematic positive deviation are consequently judged as suspicious.     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

长余辉材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)∶Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)的溶胶凝胶法制备及性能研究

首次研究了以Nd~(3+)离子为辅助激活剂,对Eu~(2+)掺杂的发光材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)余辉性能的影响.用溶胶凝胶法合成了Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射计、荧光分光光度计、余辉亮度测试仪、热释光剂量计等手段对粉末样品进行了表征.结果表明,在1350℃得到了单一的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)相,粉末颗粒平均粒度在1μm左右.Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末有402和485nm两个发射峰,与Eu~(2+)单掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)相比,发射峰位置没有变化,但适量的掺杂可以大大提高余辉时间和余辉亮度,余辉时间可达18h以上.最后通过对热释光谱的分析解释了双掺杂发光粉余辉性能增强的原因,适宜深度的陷阱可以有效存储光能,增强余辉的时间和强度.     

Development of No-Vent™ liquid hydrogen storage system for space applications

A number of technological advances required to store and maintain normal-boiling-point and densified cryogenic liquids, including liquid hydrogen, under zero boil-off conditions in-space, for long periods of time, have been developed. These technologies include (1) thermally optimized compact cryogen storage systems that reduce environmental heat leak to the lowest-temperature cryogen, which minimizes cryocooler size and input power, and (2) actively-cooled shields that surround the storage systems and intercept heat leak. The processes and tools used to develop these technologies are discussed. A zero boil-off liquid hydrogen storage system technology demonstrator for validating the actively-cooled shield technology is presented.     

Percolation and the resistive transition of the critical temperature Tc of Nb3Sn

The relationship between the distribution of the critical temperature, the percolation function, and the resistive transition of the critical temperature is explored for polycrystalline Nb₃Sn. In the neighborhood of the critical temperature, Nb₃Sn is assumed to be a random mixture of superconducting and normal grains. Percolation concepts are applied to a study of the resistivity. A general analysis is made showing that the onset and shape of the resistive transition for composite conductors are determined by the percolation function and the distribution of the critical temperature. An approximate form of the percolation function is determined based on a linear FEM analysis. Example resistive transitions are calculated for an assumed normal distribution of the critical temperature. An argument is presented that relates grain orientation and strain dependence in Nb₃Sn. It is noted that a dependence of the distribution of T_c with strain, in addition to the usual shift in T_c with strain, would be the result of a strain dependence that is a function of grain orientation. The analysis shows the extent to which the slope of the resistive transition is a measure of the distribution of the critical temperature, and therefore a measure of the grain orientation strain sensitivity. Finally, a method is described to determine the percolation function experimentally.     

Liquid helium cryostat for SQUID-based MRI receivers

We describe a liquid helium cryostat, developed to cool SQUID-based receivers in low field MRI systems. The cryostat has a 4 L liquid helium capacity, a hold time of over 3 days and accommodates 10 cm diameter receiver coils. New vacuum insulation methods reduce the noise level by at least an order of magnitude compared to existing commercial designs. The minimum detectable field at 425 kHz, with a 5 cm diameter circular coil, was estimated to be 0.018 fT/Hz^1/2 from Q-factor measurements and 0.035 fT/Hz^1/2 by direct measurement with a SQUID amplifier. Further measurements indicated that most of this field noise probably originates with dielectric losses in the cryostat’s fibreglass shells.