引人注目的仿真丝纤维——异收缩共纺涤纶长丝

通过对真丝结构和性能的剖析。介绍了化纤改性仿真丝的途径。指出异收缩共纺涤纶长丝,通过对两组分的原料、纤度、孔型、色种、收缩性的选择和搭配,可集多种改性于一身,是理想的仿丝绸材料。本文详细介绍了异收缩共纺涤纶长丝及其织物的加工特征和性能。     

综合信息

涤纶超细纤维用分散染料投产 涤纶超细纤维具有手感柔软、轻薄飘逸、透气吸湿、穿着舒适等特点,因此用途广阔,可做成仿真丝、仿桃皮、仿麂皮绒等织物,可以达到以假乱真的地步,因此涤纶超细纤维成为全国竞相发展的产品。     

试析涤纶仿毛纤维产品开发思路

根据仿毛织物对仿毛纤维的要求,提出仿毛涤纶纤维开发的基本思路,开发适合仿毛织物发展方向的涤纶纤维,满足仿毛织物的外观和服用性能要求。     

涤纶仿丝绸织物的拔染印花工艺探讨

一、前言涤纶纤维在纺织工业中已占有重要位置,但人们对它的坚牢性,洗可穿等特点并不满足,又提出了要求天然化。近年来许多国家,尤其是日本在大力进行这项研究,涤纶长丝仿丝绸就是其中的一项,现今已经研制成功并制成产品投入市场。仿丝绸具有似丝的光泽,手感凉爽等风格,价格又便宜,深受用户欢迎,日本、香港穿着涤纶仿丝绸的织物已很普遍。要使这种仿丝绸产品接近真丝绸产品的效果,除了从纤维的形状、纤度上,从织物的组织规格上,经碱失重处理来达到外,染整加工也必须紧密配合。当前,真丝绸印花产品盛行色底拔染印     

聚苯胺/涤纶导电纤维的制备及其织物抗静电性能研究

采用现场吸附聚合法制取聚苯胺/涤纶导电纤维,研究了反应条件对纤维导电性能的影响。将导电纤维嵌织入普通涤纶织物中,讨论了该织物的抗静电及电磁屏蔽性能。采用此法制得的导电纤维具有较高的聚苯胺含量和优良的电导率,其与普通纤维的嵌交织物具有较好的抗静电性和电磁屏蔽性能。     

异形纤维在纺织产品中的应用

1　异形纤维截面形状改变喷丝孔的截面形状 ,可以得到三角形、多角形、三叶形、多叶形、十字形、扁平形、Y形、H形、哑铃形等异形纤维。异形纤维具有特殊的光泽、蓬松性、抗起球性、回弹性、吸温性等特点 ,因此织物手感厚实 ,有温暖感 ,大量用于各种仿毛、仿丝、仿麻产品中。异形纤维按用途和截面形态的关系 ,主要有以下 4大系列。( 1 )三角形系列　三角形系列的异形纤维主要适应要求有闪光效应的仿丝绸织物、仿毛织物、灯芯绒、平绒等绒类织物、毛线、装饰织物等。 ( 2 )中空形系列　中空形系列异形纤维主要适应仿毛织物、保暖制品、工业…     

海岛型涤纶超细纤维仿麂皮织物生产实践

介绍了海岛型涤纶超细纤维仿麂皮织物染整工艺,重点分析前处理、染色等关键加工工序,给出具体工艺参数.     

异形涤纶成形及后处理的研究

引言 涤纶织物具有天然纤维和人造纤维所不可比拟的优点,如:弹性好,强度高,耐磨,爽挺,易洗快干等等。但一般的涤纶圆形截面纤维织物也存在一些缺点,如:织物不透气,复盖性不好,吸湿性差,易起球,染色性差等,为了解决这些问题,人们设法通过改变纤维截面形状,在不损伤纤维的基本性能的情况下,改进其缺点,进一步改善了涤纶的性能,提高了织物的服用性能和其它性能。改进的涤纶异形纤维可因不同的截面形状而分别具有以下独特的风格,例如:有一定的闪光性;滑爽、柔软的手感;既有更高的耐磨性和较好的抗起球性,又有良好的膨松性、透气性和保暖性;此外还有良好的抗污能力和复盖能力;在吸湿性     

涤纶微细纤维织物染整加工综述

简要阐述了涤纶微细纤维的分类及特点，并比较详细地分析论述了涤纶微纤织物与常规涤纶织物在其染整后加工过程中的主要区别，及对染料和染整助剂的新要求，并提出今后微细纤维及其织物的染整加工课题。     

Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能研究

通过对Aircell纤维织物的毛细效应、透湿性和透气性进行测试,并与其他织物选行比较,研究了Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能。结果表明：Aircelt纤维织物的毛细高度稍低于竹纤维／棉织物,远高于棉织物和涤纶织物;透湿性稍低于Coolmax混纺织物,远高于棉织物、麻织物和涤纶织物;透气性远远高于涤纶织物,也高于棉织物、天丝织物,因此认为Aircell纤维织物是一种新的吸湿、导湿材料。     

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MDF FIBRE DRYING: DRYING OPTIMISATION

In the production of MDF, wet resinated fibre must be dried to its target moisture content, normally 9 to 11%, before compaction into a board by hot pressing. Fibre drying can be interpreted as an incorporated process involving gas-solid two phase-flow, inter-component transfer, and heat and mass transfer within the fibre. Based on these mechanisms, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate the MDF fibre drying process. From the model, fibre moisture content, air temperature and air humidity along the dryer length can be predicted and factors affecting the drying rate examined. The model can be employed to optimise drying conditions and to evaluate improvements in dryer design. A case study of drying improvement in reduction of dryer emissions and heat consumption is given to demonstrate the potential application of the developed dryer model.     

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MDF FIBRE DRYING: DRYING OPTIMISATION

ABSTRACT

In the production of MDF, wet resinated fibre must be dried to its target moisture content, normally 9 to 11%, before compaction into a board by hot pressing. Fibre drying can be interpreted as an incorporated process involving gas-solid two phase-flow, inter-component transfer, and heat and mass transfer within the fibre. Based on these mechanisms, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate the MDF fibre drying process. From the model, fibre moisture content, air temperature and air humidity along the dryer length can be predicted and factors affecting the drying rate examined. The model can be employed to optimise drying conditions and to evaluate improvements in dryer design. A case study of drying improvement in reduction of dryer emissions and heat consumption is given to demonstrate the potential application of the developed dryer model.     

Prospects for Radiation Techniques in Dyeing and Finishing

This paper evaluates the role, actual and potential, of high-energy and low-energy radiation in textile technology. Emphasis is placed on the cobalt-60 source and the electron accelerator as high-energy sources, and the glow discharge as a source of low-energy radiation. The effect of high-energy radiation on the structure and properties of fibres is reviewed. Two types of effect may be produced: crosslinking and degradation. The latter predominates with some polymers, whereas with others crosslinking of the polymer chains is the major effect. It is concluded that the direct effects of high-energy radiation are of insufficient value to justify its application to textiles without some simultaneous or subsequent chemical treatment of the fibre. The free radicals produced by the radiation serve as reactive sites at which the graft copolymerisation of monomers may be initiated within the fibre structure. Three methods are available for the radiation grafting of unsaturated monomers on to fibrous substrates: the ‘simultaneous’ method, the ‘post-irradiation’ method, and the ‘peroxide’ method. Most effort in this area has been devoted to the modification of synthetic-polymer fibres to make them more readily dyeable. Several examples of this are described. To achieve good penetration of the graft copolymer into the fibre, it is necessary that the fibre should be sufficiently swollen to permit penetration by the monomer molecules. Experiments on the swelling of polyester fibres in relation to grafting are described. The use of radiation-initiated grafting in the finishing of textiles is discussed next. The outstanding example of this, one that has achieved commercial exploitation, is the Deering Milliken Visa process for conferring durable-press properties on cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics. Flame-resistant cotton can also be produced by radiation-grafting techniques. The modification of the surfaces of textile fibres, for example, to confer soil-release and antistatic properties, is another potential application of radiation grafting in textile finishing. The deposition of coatings on solid surfaces by low-energy gas-discharge techniques has been the subject of many investigations. Recent work at the Shirley Institute, in collaboration with the Electricity Council Research Centre, has shown that several percent of vinyl monomers can be deposited on polyester fabric by means of the glow discharge. With hydrophilic monomers, the fabrics have improved antisoil and soil-release properties. Terylene (ICI) fabrics treated in a glow discharge with acrylic acid can be dyed to solid colours with basic dyes. The paper concludes with a brief assessment of the economics of radiation processes in relation to their use in textile technology.     

Specifics of the thermal oxidative decomposition and burning of fabrics from fibre mixtures

Conclusions It has been shown that on introducing up to 12% by wt. PCA into a fibre from a mixture of two polymers (PPTA and PCA), a marked increase in the fire-protective characteristics of the fibre is observed.Differences have been established in the mechanism of fire-protective action of the phosphorus-containing combustion retarder for materials from a mixture of cellulosic fibre and PPTA and fabrics from a mixture of cellulosic fibre and a fibre from a mixture of PPTA and PCA.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 40–42, March–April, 1990.     

Improving the dyeability of wool by treatment with chitosan

A study of pretreatment of wool fabrics with chitosan by a pad-dry method has been carried out. The pretreatment effectively eliminates differences in dyeing behaviour between damaged and undamaged wool fibres, with an increase in the rate of dye uptake and the exhaustion of acid and reactive dyes. Penetration of the fibre by dyes has been followed using fluorescence microscopy and the role of the chitosan coating in the dyeing process clarified. Similar colour fastness properties were obtained on both untreated and chitosan-treated wool fabrics. The chitosan coating on wool fabrics has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Evidence for the presence of chitosan was sought using a colorimetric method. It is believed that an approximately uniform and adherent chitosan sheath is formed on individual wool fibres.     

Studies of the fibre structure and dyeing properties of Calotropis gigantea,kapok and cotton fibres

Calotropis gigantea, kapok and cotton fibres are all natural cellulose fibres, but the first of these is rarely used in textile fabrics. In this study, the structure and chemical composition of these three kinds of fibre were studied, and the dyeing properties of fabrics made from each of them were compared. The purpose of this was to provide a theory basis for the application of C. gigantea fibre in the textile industry. The surface morphology and cross‐section of C. gigantea fibre in comparison with kapok and cotton were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Their fibrous structures were analysed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and water absorption capabilities were also measured and compared. Both C. gigantea fibre and kapok fibre exhibit a high degree of hollowness (80–90%), and no natural twist exists; there is a certain amount of lignin and hemicellulose in C. gigantea fibres; the crystallinity of C. gigantea fibres is 42.54%, and its crystallinity orientation index is 85.40%. C. gigantea fibre has the lowest tenacity but has the highest water content of the three kinds of fibre. The results of dyeing tests show that C. gigantea fabric has the lowest dye uptake and dye fixation.     

Waterless dyeing of polylactic acid with disperse dyes using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as medium

Polylactic acid (PLA) fibre as a new generation of eco-friendly polyester fibre is expected to substitute polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre to be an important textile fibre raw material. However, there exist severe strength loss and light dyeing colour by the traditional water bath dyeing method, which seriously affect the promotion and application of PLA fibre in the textile fields. Therefore, it is necessary to study waterless dyeing method for PLA. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) possesses excellent physical and chemical properties with the characteristics of odourless, non-flammable, and stable to various chemicals, which has been studied to be used as a waterless dyeing medium for PET fabric. In this study, D5 was selected as the medium to study the waterless dyeing process and properties for PLA. The effects of disperse dye dosage, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and liquor ratio on the dyeing properties of PLA fabric were investigated. The results showed that the optimal dyeing process conditions were as follows: the dye dosage was 4%, dyeing temperature and time were 120°C and 40 min, respectively, and the liquor ratio was 1:10. Then PLA was dyed by three different colour disperse dyes using the optimal process which were compared with the traditional water bath. The results showed that the properties of dyed PLA fabrics with D5 could reach the dyeing effect of the traditional water bath method, while causing less influence on its mechanical property. Therefore, this research proved that D5 can be used as a dyeing medium for PLA fabric to substitute the traditional water bath dyeing.     

IMPROVING MDF FIBRE DRYING OPERATION BY APPLICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Fibre drying is an important process in production of medium density fibreboard (MDF) which consumes a large amount of energy, affects product quality and, without appropriate control, causes environmental concerns. Based on fundamental knowledge of wood fibre-water relationships and heat/mass transfer, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate the MDF fibre drying processes. The model is able to predict fibre moisture content, air temperature and air humidity along the dryer length. After validation against the measured air temperature and humidity, the model has been extended to include both fibre drying and fibre conditioning, the latter occurring in the dry fibre conveyers. Due to potential benefits in reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and in improving panel quality, lower drying temperatures are more desirable than higher temperatures. However, in order to achieve the target moisture content after drying, a higher air velocity is needed or a second-stage dryer is added. The model was employed to determine the air velocity required and to assist in designing a second dryer for further drying and recovery of moist vapour and heat. A further study was undertaken to investigate fibre drying or fibre conditioning in the fibre conveyers and, once again, the fibre drying model was used to determine the air conditions.     

IMPROVING MDF FIBRE DRYING OPERATION BY APPLICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Fibre drying is an important process in production of medium density fibreboard (MDF) which consumes a large amount of energy, affects product quality and, without appropriate control, causes environmental concerns. Based on fundamental knowledge of wood fibre-water relationships and heat/mass transfer, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate the MDF fibre drying processes. The model is able to predict fibre moisture content, air temperature and air humidity along the dryer length. After validation against the measured air temperature and humidity, the model has been extended to include both fibre drying and fibre conditioning, the latter occurring in the dry fibre conveyers. Due to potential benefits in reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and in improving panel quality, lower drying temperatures are more desirable than higher temperatures. However, in order to achieve the target moisture content after drying, a higher air velocity is needed or a second-stage dryer is added. The model was employed to determine the air velocity required and to assist in designing a second dryer for further drying and recovery of moist vapour and heat. A further study was undertaken to investigate fibre drying or fibre conditioning in the fibre conveyers and, once again, the fibre drying model was used to determine the air conditions.     

Dyeing behaviour of lyocell fabric: effect of fibrillation

To understand the effect of fibrillation in dyeing, non-fibrillated lyocell fabrics and fibrillated lyocell fabrics were dyed with different types of reactive dyes. Their exhaustion, fixation and K/S values were measured and compared. It was observed that fibrillated lyocell shows lower visual colour yield than non-fibrillated lyocell, independent of the exhaustion and fixation. It was also observed that some bifunctional reactive dyes, because of the location of reactive groups and flexibility of their structure, reduced fibrillation of lyocell through crosslinking. It was shown that defibrillating fibrillated lyocell with a cellulase enzyme increased the visual colour yield. Non-fibrillated lyocell fabrics after dyeing were subjected to a hydroentanglement treatment to create a fibrillation effect. These properties suggest that the lower visual colour yield of fibrillated lyocell is not mainly attributed to any change in fibre properties of the fibrils, but as a result of the light scattering from the fibrillated fabric surface.