高强锦纶6长丝的制备及其结构与性能研究

采用相对黏度2.485的半消光聚酰胺6切片为原料,通过熔融纺丝-多级拉伸工艺制备了高强锦纶6长丝,研究了多级拉伸工艺中拉伸温度及拉伸倍数对纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:受二级拉伸温度的影响,纤维中存在γ晶型向α晶型的转变,在一定范围内适当地提高纤维的各级拉伸温度,有利于纤维晶体结构更加稳定,而拉伸倍数的变化并未引起纤维晶型的转变;各级拉伸倍数较高时高强锦纶6长丝的取向度显著增加,二级拉伸温度较高时纤维取向度增加明显;拉伸倍数相对于拉伸温度对高强锦纶6长丝力学性能的影响更明显,当一级拉伸倍数为1.145、二级拉伸倍数为3.12、一级拉伸温度为55℃、二级拉伸温度为178℃时,纤维断裂强度最大,达7.23 cN/dtex。     

尼龙6/PP-g-马来酸酐共混物及其熔纺初生纤维性能研究

用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物(PP-g-MAH)对尼龙6进行共混改性,通过双螺杆挤出机共混制成切粒,接着将切粒烘干后进行熔融纺丝,研究共混改性尼龙6(MPA)及其初生纤维的力学性能。研究结果表明:熔体流动速率随着PP-g-MAH的增加而减小;而MPA初生纤维的最大可拉伸比和不同拉伸倍数下的拉伸丝模量都呈先增大后减小的趋势,都是在马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯含量为10%时达到最大值。     

超拉伸过程中UHMWPE纤维结构与性能的研究

利用密度梯度仪、声速取向仪、Instron材料强力仪、WAXD、DSC等手段 ,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯 (UHMWPE)纤维在超拉伸过程中的结构和性能进行了测试研究。结果表明 ,不同拉伸倍数的UHMWPE纤维的结晶度、取向度、力学性能和熔融温度随着拉伸倍数的增大而增加 ;DSC图谱上的 Tm4 峰和WAXD分析证实了在超拉伸过程中UHMWPE纤维发生了正交晶相向六方晶相的转变 ,超拉伸后期结晶结构的变化对纤维的力学性能影响很大。     

尼龙6动态黏弹性研究

利用熔融指数仪模拟尼龙6的加工工艺,通过改变挤出温度和挤出压力,使尼龙6熔融塑化挤出成丝状样条,热拉伸后所得纤维状样品采用动态力学分析仪测定其储能模量(E')、损耗模量(E")及损耗因子(tanδ)与温度和压力的关系。结果表明:在一定压力下,不同加工温度对尼龙6的储能模量、损耗模量无线性影响,然而加工温度越高,其损耗因子越大;同一加工温度下,储能模量、损耗模量与加工压力的线性关系不明显,而损耗因子对加工压力不敏感,几乎无变化。     

尼龙6/MYC共混物的熔融纺丝性能研究

用NYC对尼龙6进行改性,通过双螺杆挤出机共混造粒后再熔融纺丝,研究了改性尼龙6的性能。结果表明随着NYC含量增加尼龙6的结晶温度增加,而熔融温度和熔体流动速率降低;尼龙6纤维的最大可延伸比和不同倍率时的比强度都呈现先增加后减小的趋势,分别在NYC含量为0．5％时达到其最高值。     

熔纺聚乳酸纤维的结构与性能研究

通过熔融纺丝法制备了生物可降解左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)纤维,对纤维进行了拉伸和热定型等后处理,用电子单纤维强力仪和X-射线衍射仪研究了PLLA纤维的力学性能和结晶性能,讨论了纺丝温度、拉伸倍数、定型时间和定型温度等对纤维力学性能的影响。结果表明,当纺丝温度为200℃时,纤维可纺性最好。当拉伸倍数为4倍,热定型温度为60℃,定型时间为30min时,PLLA纤维具有最佳的力学性能,其晶区具有α晶型结构。     

PVA水溶纤维的结构与力学性能的关系

通过甲醇溶剂冻胶纺丝制备水溶温度为5-80℃聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶纤维,采用X射线衍射、双折射、电子强伸仪等测定了PVA水溶纤维的结晶度、取向度、应力应变曲线。讨论了PVA水溶纤维的结构与力学性能的关系。结果表明:纤维的结晶度和取向度随拉伸倍数的增加而增加,拉伸倍数为16时,纤维力学性能良好,纤维结构均匀,水溶温度范围宽。     

热定形对尼龙6-多壁碳纳米管共混纤维的影响

采用熔融共混法制备含多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)质量分数为0.5%的尼龙6(PA6)-MWNTs共混纤维,研究了热定形过程中热定形温度和降温速率对PA6-MWNTs共混纤维结构和性能的影响。运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、动态热力学分析仪(DMA)和单纤强力仪等表征了纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:经热定形后纤维的取向度提高,热定形参数对纤维的力学性能有显著影响。当热定形温度为160℃、降温速率为1.5℃/min时,纤维的力学性能最佳,断裂强度为459.8MPa,弹性模量为2318.1 MPa。     

二步法制备高强度聚甲醛纤维的工艺及性能研究

首先采用熔融纺丝工艺制备聚甲醛(POM)初生纤维,然后采用二级热箱对初生纤维进行热拉伸及热定型,制备高强度POM纤维;根据POM初生纤维的熔融结晶曲线和等温结晶性能,确定了初生纤维的热拉伸温度;研究了拉伸倍数对纤维力学性能、结晶度和取向度的影响。结果表明:POM初生纤维的热拉伸温度即第一级热箱温度为155℃,热定型温度即第二级热箱温度为120℃;POM纤维的拉伸强度和结晶度随拉伸倍数的增大先增加后降低,初生纤维经9倍拉伸时均达到最大;POM纤维取向度随拉伸倍数的增加而增加,初生纤维经9倍拉伸后趋于稳定;POM初生纤维经9倍拉伸时,所得POM纤维的拉伸强度达到最大值为1.23 GPa,断裂伸长率为21.07%。     

原位聚合法制备PA6/KF复合材料

采用原位聚合法制备了尼龙6/芳纶纤维(PA6/KF)复合材料。测试结果显示复合材料的拉伸强度从50.4 MPa提高到75.3 MPa,弯曲强度从41.1 MPa提高到72.1 MPa,热变形温度从44.5℃提高到83.1℃,而其冲击强度略有下降。SEM和DMA结果表明:尼龙6与芳纶纤维的界面粘结性好,复合材料的刚性得到提高。     

Orientation and structure development in melt-spun Nylon-6 fibres

A network model is applied to describe the deformation behaviour of melt-spun Nylon-6 fibres obtained at different spinning and drawing conditions. The network draw ratio is determined from analysis of true stress-strain curves and correlated with fibre orientation. From this analysis it appears that the deformation behaviour of Nylon-6 fibres adheres to a pseudo-affine mechanism. The results are discussed in terms of the semicrystalline nature of Nylon-6 fibres. By means of on-line birefringence measurements, wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid-state NMR, it is shown that the crystalline and amorphous phases in Nylon-6 respond in a different way to network deformation. In the spin line, an affine (rubber-like) deformation mechanism is observed and this rubber-like network behaviour is transferred to the amorphous phase. After winding and conditioning of the spun fibres, a crystalline phase with relatively high orientation is formed which deforms according to a pseudo-affine mechanism upon further stretching.     

Characterization of the adhesion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) composite fibres

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)/single-walled carbon (PPTA/SWNT) composite fibres with different draw ratios have been spun using a dry-jet wet spinning process and their structure and deformation behaviour analysed using Raman spectroscopy. The dispersion of nanotube has been examined by Raman scattering intensity mapping along the fibre. The nanotubes improved the polymer orientation in composite fibre with a draw ratio of 2 but degraded the orientation at higher draw ratios. The mechanical reinforcing effect by nanotubes is related to the change of polymer orientation, suggesting a dominant role of polymer orientation in mechanical performance of the composite fibre. High efficiency of stress transfer within the strain range of 0-0.35% and breakdown of the interface at higher strains has been found in the composite fibres through an in situ Raman spectroscopic study during fibre deformation. Cyclic loading applied on the fibre has indicated reversible deformation behaviour at low strain and gradual damage of the interface at high strains.     

马来酸酐(MAH)接枝SEBS及其对PPO/PA6合金性能的影响

利用红外光谱测定了接枝样品,用其中马来酸酐(MAH)的特征峰与苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)的特征峰之比值来表达接枝率,探索了接枝时MAH和助剂的量对接枝率的影响,同时探讨了不同接枝率的相容剂及不同比值的聚苯醚(PPO)/尼龙6(PA6)对PPO/PA6合金的增容作用及其对合金的综合性能影响.结果表明:(1)加入合适的助剂有利于SEBS体系的接枝,而当MAH的加入量为3%时得到的接枝率最高;(2)接枝率提高,合金的综合性能稍有改善;(3)PPO/PA6 = 70/30时性能指标达到最优.而接枝的SEBS加入量10%时PPO/PA6合金的综合性能最优.     

Studies of crystalline forms of nylon-6 by X-ray and i.r. spectrophotometry

The crystalline forms, α and γ, of two different polyamide fibres (nylon-6) were examined by X-ray diffraction and infra-red spectroscopy. The first type of fibre (α) was left one week with 5% of water before being drawn and it represents the α crystalline stable form. The second type of fibre was spun and drawn at the same time between two thermoregulated rolls with a draw ratio of 3·8. This last fibre has the γ (unstable) crystalline form. By changing the temperature of the draw rolls, the γ→α transformation has been studied. Increasing the draw roll temperature causes a decrease in γ.     

PBT／PET并列型复合纺丝的研究

就ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ两种聚合物材料的流变性能和ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ并列型复合纤维的熔纺温度之间的关系进行了讨论，指出ＰＢＴ宜低温熔融、高温纺丝，ＰＥＴ则相反．同时．还考察了复合比对初生丝热性能、ＤＴ丝卷缩性能的影响，表明随着ＰＢＴ组份量的增加，Ｔｇ转变和冷结晶放热峰移向较低温位．且后者峰面积相应缩小；ＰＢＴ熔融吸热峰面积增大．ＰＥＴ的则相应缩小；ＤＴ丝的卷缩率增大．卷缩稳定性则变差．此外．还就纺丝速度对初生丝热性能和结晶度的影响进行了探讨．发现随着纺丝速度的提高，初生丝ＤＳＣ扫描曲线上的冷结晶移向较低温位，而两组份的熔融吸热峰似无变化；初生丝结晶应随纺速的提高而略有增加．但增幅不大．     

Nylon-6/liquid natural rubber blends prepared via emulsion dispersion

Nylon-6 is widely used as engineering plastic because it is easy to process, high tensile properties, resistant to chemical and abrasion. However, poor impact strength at low temperature makes it limitedly used in some applications. Nylon-6/liquid natural rubber (LNR) blends were prepared via emulsion dispersion with composition of 100nylon-6/0LNR, 95nylon-6/5LNR, 90nylon-6/10LNR, 85nylon-6/15LNR, 80nylon-6/20LNR and 75nylon-6/25LNR. Nylon-6 was dissolved in a 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and chloroform mixture (1:1 TFE/CHCl₃) and emulsified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB). LNR was dispersed into the nylon-6 emulsion to form homogeneous nylon-6/LNR emulsions and the emulsions were de-emulsified with methanol, filtered and dried. High impact behaviour was achieved at 85nylon-6/15LNR composition. DSC thermogram indicated a single glass transition temperature, T _g and SEM images showed no phase separation between blend components implying homogeneous blends were obtained.     

High-modulus fibres of nylon-6 prepared by a dry-spinning method

Nylon-6 filaments with tensile strengths at break up to 1 GPa and initial moduli in the range of 16 to 19 GPa have been produced by dry-spinning of solutions of nylon-6 in cosolvent mixtures of formic acid and chloroform followed by hot-drawing at 200°C–240°C. Tensile strengths and elastic moduli of the nylon-6 fibres were strongly dependent on the draw ratio, on the molecular weight of the polymer, on the polymer concentration in the spinning solution and on concentration of nonsolvent in the spinning solution. At high concentrations of nonsolvent in the spinning solution, the as-spun fibres of nylon-6 were composed of ball-like structural units, formed possibly due to the liquid-liquid phase separation in the polymer/solvent/nonsolvent ternary system. Formation of ball-like structures reduced the ultimate mechanical properties of hot-drawn fibres of nylon-6.     

Effect of the conditions of spinning viscose textile fibres on their properties

Rigorous respect of the standard character and purity of the spinning solution, spinning bath parameters, and orientation draw ratio ensures obtaining a complex fibre homogeneous over the length. By varying the flow rate of viscose from the spinneret and disk rotation, it is possible to vary the fibre tension, strength, elongation, and shrinkage within wide limits and ensure a high capacity for uniform dyeing. The limits of the overall draw ratio of viscose textile fibres of varying assortment without elementary fibre breakage and formation of nap were established. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 28–31, November–December, 2005.     

The problem of orientation strenghthening of polycaproamide fibres

It is shown that the absolute strength of PCA fibre at 291 K is almost independent of the preliminary draw ratio and the relative strength increases proportionally to the total draw ratio attained in orientation drawing and subsequent stretching at a constant rate. The values of the breaking load and total draw ratio of the oriented fibre can be lower than for the unoriented fibre. The data obtained suggest the existence of temperature-force conditions that allow significantly increasing the orientation draw ratio of PCA fibres.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 20–21, September–October, 2004.     

尼龙6/纳米钛合金复合材料的制备及结构

将经过有机化处理的纳米钛合金粉体与尼龙6通过熔融共混制备成了尼龙6/纳米钛合金复合材料。X-射线衍射和透射电镜显示,在钛合金粉体含量低时,钛合金粉体在尼龙6基体中实现了纳米尺度的分散,但随钛合金粉体含量增加,团聚现象明显增加;红外光谱(IR)分析和Molau试验表明,复合材料中钛合金粉体与周围尼龙6分子间存在某种键合;实验结果还表明,钛合金粉体对尼龙6基体的化学结构和结晶形态没有产生明显的影响。