Approximate Product Life Cycle Costing Method for the Conceptual Product Design

Although the product life cycle cost (LCC) is mainly committed by early design stages, designers do not consider the costs caused in subsequent phases of life cycle. The estimating method for the product life cycle cost in early design processes has been required because of both the lack of detailed information and time for a detailed LCC for a various range of design concepts. This paper suggests an approximate LCC method that allows the designer to make comparative LCC estimation between the different product concepts. The product attributes at the conceptual design phase and LCC factors are introduced and the significant product attributes are determined by statistical analysis. Neural network algorithms are applied to estimate LCC by considering the identified product attributes as inputs and the LCC as output. Trained learning algorithms for the known characteristics of existing products will quickly give the estimation of LCC for new product concepts. The estimation for maintenance and energy costs of electronic appliances is shown as an example. The proposed method provides the good estimation for the LCC and gives the guidelines leading to cost-effective design decision-making at the early design stage.     

An Approach to Life Cycle Oriented Technical Service Design

The importance of technical, i.e. product related services has significantly increased over the past years. Traditionally, technical services are provided during product usage. In light of the potential impact of technical services on the entire product life cycle, the application of life cycle engineering techniques to service design is suggested. Consequently, the presented research work aims at developing a service design process. Based on three main strategies for combining products with related services, a corresponding design process is proposed. It simultaneously considers the product, process and information dimensions of services.     

Maintenance: Changing Role in Life Cycle Management

As attention to environmental problems grows, product life cycle management is becoming a crucial issue in realizing a sustainable society. Our objective is to provide the functions necessary for such a society while minimizing material and energy consumption. From this viewpoint, we should redefine the role of maintenance as a prime method for life cycle management. In this paper, we first discuss the changing role of maintenance from the perspective of life cycle management. Then, we present a maintenance framework that shows management cycles of maintenance activities during the product life cycle. According to this framework, we identify technical issues of maintenance and discuss the advances of technologies supporting the change in the role of maintenance.     

Assembly and Disassembly Processes in Product Life Cycle Perspectives

Industrial companies change the paradigms of business operations from optimisation of manufacturing processes to optimisation of products life cycles in order to activate the value of products, taking into account the potentials of product services in all phases of each product's life. From design to the end of their life capital intensive products, like manufacturing or assembly systems, are linked to a manufacturer network by global communication systems. This network allows special services even in the phases of usage and recycling. For this new paradigm it is necessary to develop strategies, methods and technologies to manage the business processes and the information and knowledge required in all phases of a product's life and to industrialise the processes of design, assembly, usage, service and remanufacturing by disassembly and recycling. It is the objective of this paper to define the processes for management of life cycle with a focus on assembly, service and disassembly of capital intensive products.     

基于多色图的产品全生命周期路径的建模与优化

为了分析产品在设计、制造、销售、使用和回收处理等全生命周期阶段的各种因素对质量、成本、上市时间、环境等管理和环境指标的影响,对每个阶段的各种因素等进行详细的分解,应用多色图建立产品的全生命周期路径(LCR)模型。然后通过层次分析法(AHP)对这些LCR进行评价选优,从而得到一种满足管理和环境指标要求的全生命周期优化路径,并用一次性相机作为实例证明了该方法是可行的。     

机械装备制造业中刀具全寿命周期管理的研究

文章丰富和完善了刀具全寿命周期管理的理论,将刀具的管理覆盖到从刀具入库到机加工车间机床上使用以及刀具下线后再次入库或者刃磨直至报废的全寿命周期管理.文章详细的论述了刀具全寿命周期管理中的刀具库存管理、刀具使用流程管理以及刀具计划调度管理等功能模块.并提出基于刀具理想切削过程的刀具成本核算的具体算法以及采用计算刀具剩余磨损寿命这一途径来预测刀具剩余寿命状态的方法.     

Life cycle simulation system as an evaluation platform for multitiered circular manufacturing systems

A life cycle simulation (LCS) is a powerful tool for evaluating the life cycle scenarios of circular manufacturing. Although many LCSs have been developed so far, they were specific to particular scenarios and products. Therefore, we developed a general-purpose LCS system that can be used to evaluate various life cycle scenarios including multiple circulation paths such as closed-loop and cascade reuse and recycling. This system is useful for developing effective circular manufacturing systems with proper life cycle options. We applied it to a closed-loop and cascade reuse of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.     

Development of a Productive Service Module Based on a Life Cycle Perspective of Maintenance Issues

In this paper will be presented an ongoing research into the functional integration of maintenance within the product life cycle, based on experience obtained from work undertaken relating the integration of maintenance with production planning. Taking into account the needs of both production planning and maintenance systems, a planning and control model, called a productive services module (PSM), was developed. This module is able to manage the maintenance and production functions while also accommodating the product reliability forecasting, as an important input. The new model under development integrates the history of production failures and its use is extended to life cycle management of the production equipment.     

基于复合建模的生产设备寿命周期管理系统研发

以某制造型企业生产设备管理研发需求为背景,在对设备整个寿命周期管理现状进行详细调研和分析的基础上,识别其核心业务流程,并根据企业实际情况进行业务流程再造,应用复合建模技术进行了系统建模,并采用分层设计和可视化编程技术开发了系统程序。测试结果表明:采用该系统实现了对生产设备整个寿命周期的管理。     

薄板焊接热循环的测定

为了验证薄板焊接温度场数值模拟的正确性，应用虚拟仪器技术设计了一套焊接热循环动态检测系统。通过串联多个数采模块，可以同时测量多达100个点的温度。在本实验中，采用该系统对薄板局部点的焊接热循环进行了测量。结果表明，薄板焊接过程的数值模拟结果与实验检测结果比较吻合，验算了焊接热循环模拟计算结果的合理性，表明该虚拟仪器可以作为多点测量焊接热循环的可靠测试手段。     

薄板焊接热循环的测定

为了验证薄板焊接温度场数值模拟的正确性,应用虚拟仪器技术设计了一套焊接热循环动态检测系统。通过串联多个数采模块,可以同时测量多达100个点的温度。在本实验中,采用该系统对薄板局部点的焊接热循环进行了测量。结果表明,薄板焊接过程的数值模拟结果与实验检测结果比较吻合,验算了焊接热循环模拟计算结果的合理性,表明该虚拟仪器可以作为多点测量焊接热循环的可靠测试手段。     

通过提高维修在设备全寿命周期中的作用实现可持续制造

为了实现可持续制造，必须有一个系统的、全局的维修概念，让维修贯穿于设备生命周期的各个阶段。文中详细讨论了维修在设备生命周期中的作用，对设备全寿命周期中的各个阶段（如设计、原材料和设备的购买、组装、启用和运行、报废和更换等）常见的问题和故障进行了分析，详细论述了维修是如何预防这些故障和问题，从而实现可持续制造。     

通过提高维修在设备全寿命周期中的作用实现可持续制造

为了实现可持续制造,必须有一个系统的、全局的维修概念,让维修贯穿于设备生命周期的各个阶段.文中详细讨论了维修在设备生命周期中的作用,对设备全寿命周期中的各个阶段(如设计、原材料和设备的购买、组装、启用和运行、报废和更换等)常见的问题和故障进行了分析,详细论述了维修是如何预防这些故障和问题,从而实现可持续制造.     

面向产品生命周期的混合可靠性分配

针对传统可靠度分配方法的局限性,提出了面向产品全生命周期的混合可靠度分配方法。该方法将比例分配法和影响因素分配法相结合,引入权重系数,利用二元对比倒数法确定权重系数,最终计算出分配数值。该方法继承了传统的比例分配法和影响因素分配法的优点,并体现了从产品全生命周期角度出发进行可靠度分配,分配的结果,最终通过实例进行了验证。     

LC-CAD: A CAD system for life cycle design

In product life cycle design, a designer should design both a product and its life cycle. Although CAD systems for product design are popular, there are no CAD systems for life cycle design. This paper proposes LC-CAD (Life Cycle-CAD) that represents a product and its life cycle in an integrated manner, manages consistency between these two models, and describes changes of a product along its life cycle (e.g., a component is shredded into fragments of metal in a recycling process). LC-CAD also evaluates environmental, economic, and other performance of designed life cycle using life cycle simulation.     

Life-Cycle Assessment of the Recycling of Magnesium Vehicle Components

Life-cycle assessment is basically the assessment of a product from the cradle to the grave. Ideally, a product is recycled after its useful life is complete and the end-of-life of the first life cycle leads to the beginning of a new product system. For the end-of-life of magnesium vehicle parts, there are various possible paths to a second life cycle. When magnesium parts are dismantled or magnesium is separated after shredding, the resulting magnesium alloys can be used for secondary, noncritical applications. However, the typical case for magnesium components is that the magnesium postconsumer scrap ends up in the nonferrous metals fraction that consists primarily of aluminum, magnesium, and heavy metals. Today, aluminum is typically fed into a second life cycle as a secondary alloy, and magnesium becomes part of the aluminum cycle as an alloy addition. In this article, we evaluate the environmental effects of using magnesium in the aluminum cycle. We also assess the influence of end-of-life scenarios on the overall environmental impact of a component’s life cycle. The primary focus of our analysis is the evaluation of the effects of magnesium vehicle components on greenhouse gas emissions.     

Die fatigue life improvement through the rational design of metal-forming system

In metal-forming industries, die is an important tool for fabrication of metal-formed products. Die service life, which is defined as the maximum product number produced by die before it fails, and die performance directly determine the quality of metal-formed product and production cost. In cold forming process, die service life basically refers to the die fatigue life. The die fatigue life is determined by the design of metal-formed product and die, forming process configuration, die stress and the entire metal-forming system. In this paper, a methodology for optimization of die fatigue life is developed via the rational design of metal-forming system in such a way that the die stress is optimal and further the die design in terms of its service life is the best. To realize this thought, the S–N approach is employed for evaluation of die fatigue life. The die stress is first identified via the integrated simulation of billet plastic flow and the die deformation during the forming process. The die stress is then optimized via the rational design of the combination of metal-formed product, die and process configuration. The optimal die life is thus determined. Furthermore, a framework for implementation of this methodology is developed and case studies are used for verification and validation of the developed methodology.     

面向多寿命周期的全域再制造升级系统

再制造升级能够高效益提升产品的综合性能,实现产品的多寿命周期循环使用,具有重要的资源、经济和社会效益,是再制造工程的重要组成部分及发展方向。建立了面向产品设计、制造、使用、再制造等多寿命周期的再制造升级全域工作内容,提出了涵盖支撑技术外围层、评估技术过渡层、实现技术核心层的三层次多寿命全域再制造升级技术内容框架,并重点给出了核心层再制造升级实现技术的主要内容;关键的实现技术为基础,进一步拓展构建了基于理论基础、工程技术和应用工具的三模块再制造升级工程理论与技术系统,明确了再制造升级的理论、技术与应用3方面应包括的实施内容;以研究的体系成果为指导,建立了机床再制造升级系统工艺流程,并开展了机床数控化再制造升级验证,升级后的机床满足了数控化和精度要求。     

中国电解铝工业的多因素综合生命周期评价

以货币量化为手段计算了电解铝工业生命周期内的主要污染排放造成的环境成表，并综合电解铝工业的生产成表、整个生命周期内能源耗费、环境成表衡量了电解铝厂的经济发展状况。     

New Trends in Rapid Product Development

This keynote paper presents an overview of new approaches in rapid product development from the design point of view. The evolution of the market has necessitated the reduction of time-to-market, mainly because the product life cycle is shorter, but also because it is very important to proceed more rapidly from an initial conception to a mass production object. As a result of newly evolved software environments, knowledge-based systems, and product data management, processes for integrated design and manufacturing for new products have emerged. Due to this evolution of rapid prototyping technologies, it has become possible today to obtain parts representative of mass production within a very short time. This keynote paper provides an overview of the actual trends in all the components that affect the speed and efficiency of product development, in particular all the possibilities available to the designer, from the earliest stages of a product's life cycle.