棉皮纤维增强聚丁二酸丁二醇酯复合材料的热性能及力学性能研究

采用连续式蒸汽爆破法对棉皮纤维进行预处理,将其与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行共混,制备了PBS/棉皮纤维复合材料。利用扫描电镜对棉皮纤维及PBS/棉皮纤维复合材料的微观形貌进行了分析,并研究了棉皮纤维含量对PBS/棉皮纤维复合材料熔融及结晶行为、热降解性能、热变形温度以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:经蒸汽爆破处理后,棉皮纤维直径变小,比表面积变大,在PBS基体中分散均匀;棉皮纤维的存在改变了PBS的熔融峰值温度,提高了其结晶度;与纯PBS相比,PBS/棉皮纤维复合材料在高温条件下的热稳定性得到改善维,卡软化温度和弯曲强度提高。     

农作物秸秆增强氟石膏复合材料的微观结构研究

将玉米秸秆加入改性后的氟石膏中，研究改性剂、玉米秸秆对氟石膏复合材料结构性能的影响；并用苯丙乳液对玉米秸秆纤维进行表面处理，用以改善基体材料和增强材料的界面结合状况，由此显著提高制品性能。     

Utilization of lignocellulosic fibers in molded polyester composites

Using rice straw, bagasse, and cotton stalk fibers as reinforcing fillers in polyester composite was studied. The effects of fiber loading and fiber size on the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength, water absorption, and thickness swelling were investigated as well. The effect of esterification using maleic anhydride on the aforementioned properties also was studied. Ultraviolet light resistance and thermal behavior of the produced composites were also investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 653–660, 2003     

棉花秸秆/聚乙烯木塑材料的制备

以棉花秸秆为植物纤维来源,采用普通相容剂和含稀土相容剂制备木塑材料,使用红外和热分析对相容剂的结构进行分析,比较两种相容剂对棉花秸秆/聚乙烯木塑材料性能的影响.结果表明:采用含稀土的相容剂制备木塑材料中棉花秸秆粉的添加量可达到200份,而且木塑材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度均高于纯树脂.扫描电镜照片显示:稀土相容剂可以改善棉花秸秆和PE的相容性.     

连续式蒸汽爆破对PP/棉杆纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

以连续式蒸汽爆破预处理的棉杆作为增强纤维,通过模压成型制得聚丙烯(PP)/棉杆纤维复合材料.研究了蒸汽爆破条件中纤维含水量及爆破次数对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,该预处理使复合材料力学性得以改善.当纤维含水量为40%、爆破次数两次时,获得的复合材料综合力学性能最佳.     

玉米秸秆纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

以缩二脲改性的环氧树脂为粘胶剂,玉米秸秆纤维为增强材料,多异氰酸酯为相容剂,丁基缩水甘油醚为稀释剂制备玉米秸秆纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用FTIR对其进行结构分析,万能试验机进行力学分析,并研究了玉米秸秆纤维用量对复合材料力学性能和耐水性的影响。结果表明,当粘胶剂质量分数为15%,相容剂与秸秆纤维质量比为1∶3时所制备的复合材料具有良好的力学性能,厚度溶胀率和吸水率较低,是一种性能较为优良的新型环保型复合材料。     

棉秆的应用研究进展

文章介绍了我国的棉秆资源、棉秆的性能,以及在造纸、制板、建筑、农牧业、新能源、制炭、化工医药、制取棉秆皮等方面的应用现状,并预测了未来的发展前景。     

混杂纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能影响

掺加聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维、玄武岩纤维（BF）及混杂纤维（PVA纤维与BF）对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能进行改性,研究纤维复合材料的力学性能、耐水性能及耐干湿性能;应用电镜扫描技术对复合材料的微观形貌进行观察,探讨纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料的影响机制。结果表明：PVA纤维掺量为1.5%时复合材料力学性能较好,试样的绝干抗折强度和绝干抗压强度较空白组分别提升了92.55%和32.62%;混杂纤维掺量为0.9%时耐水性能较好,试样的抗折软化系数较空白组提升了46.60%、吸水率低至13.87%;混杂纤维掺量为0.6%时耐干湿性能较优,干湿强度系数较空白组提升了50.74%。     

Investigation of Properties of Polymer/Textile Fiber Composites

Polymer-based composite structures have advantages over other materials. The most important advantage is the higher mechanical properties obtained from the composites when supported by fiber reinforcement. The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced composite structures are affected by the amount of fibers in the structures, orientation of the fiber and fiber length. Silk and cotton fibers are used in many fields but especially in clothing and textiles. However, there is not enough research on their usage as reinforcement fibers in composite structures. Silk fibers as a textile material have better physical and mechanic properties than other animal fibers. It is very important that the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the composite structures allows them to be used in many areas. From economical, technological and environmental points of view, the improved the mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials are receiving much attention in the recent studies.

In this study, various lengths (1 mm–2.5 mm and 5 mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) polymer in the mixing ratios of (polymer:fiber) 100%:0%, 97%:3%, and 94%:6% to produce composite structures. On the other hand, known lengths (1–2.5–5 mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to recycled polyamide-6 (PA₆) and polycarbonate (PC) polymers in mixing quantities of 100%-0%, 97%-3%. A twin-screw extruder was employed for the production of composites. Tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, Izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and Vicat softening temperature properties were determined. In order to determine the materials' thermal transition and microstructure properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Results have shown that cotton and silk fibers behave differently than in the composite structure. Waste silk fiber composites give better mechanical properties than waste cotton fiber.     

Properties of Recycled Polycarbonate/Waste Silk and Cotton Fiber Polymer Composites

Polymer-based composite structures have advantages over many other materials. The most important advantage is the higher mechanical properties obtained from the composites when supported by fiber reinforcement. The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced composite structures are affected by the amount of fibers in the structures, orientation of the fibers and fiber length. Silk and cotton fibers are used in many fields but especially in clothing and textiles. However, there is not enough research on their usage as reinforcement fibers in composite structures. Silk fibers as a textile material have better physical and mechanical properties than other animal fibers. The improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the composite structures allows them to be used in many areas. From economical, technological and environmental points of view, the improvement of mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials are receiving much attention in recent studies.

In this study, different application areas were chosen to evaluate the waste silk and waste cotton rather than classic textile applications. Waste silk and cotton and recycled polycarbonate polymer were mixed and as a result composite structures were obtained. Silk and cotton waste fiber dimensions were in between 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm. The recycled PC/silk and cotton wastes were mixed in the rates of 97%/3%. Mixtures were prepared by twin-screw extruder. Tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, Izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature properties were determined. To determine the materials' thermal transition and microstructure properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used.     

水泥石膏相似材料的实验性研究

水泥石膏砂浆是在水泥砂浆的基础I-研制出来的一种复合砂浆。它既保留了水泥砂浆流动性好的优点，又大幅度地提高了砂浆的抗压强度和抗折强度，是一种较好的相似材料。本文着重研究了石膏用量、水泥用量、水的用量对水泥石膏砂浆强度的影响。并寻找到一组符合现场岩石性能的水泥石膏砂浆的优良配方。     

长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备及力学性能

使用熔融浸渍法制备了长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(LFTPP-G),研究了不同纤维含量、不同牵引速度及不同相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,玻璃纤维在复合材料体系中起增强增韧作用,复合材料力学性能随纤维含量增加而升高;提高牵引速度可以提高生产效率,但复合材料的力学性能...     

三种自制木醋液理化性能比较及棉秆木醋液成分分析

将棉秆、苍耳秆和西红柿杆三种生物质在管式炉内热解,对获得的生物质油通过三步升温、常压蒸馏法分离出四个流程的馏分,其中第二个馏分(98-103℃)作为目标产物即精制木醋液,对此的物理性能进行了测定比较,采用(GC-MS)分析测定了棉秆精制木醋液的化学成分。经分析得:三种植物的精制木醋液得率范围为37%-41%近似相等,有机酸的含量为7.022%～7.973%,pH为2.98～4.01,有机酸含量均大于7%;棉秆精制木醋液含醋酸26.56%,丙酮37.82%及21.1%的烷烃类,其有机成分比较集中。     

碳纤维改性HA/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混相结合的方法,制备了短切碳纤维增强纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料。研究了碳纤维的含量和长度对HA/PMMA复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。采用万能材料试验机和扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的力学性能及断面的微观形貌进行了测试和表征。结果表明:碳纤维在HA/PMMA复合材料中分布均匀,有效提高了复合材料的力学性能;碳纤维含量为4%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度和弹性模量等均达到最大值;复合材料的断裂伸长率随碳纤维含量的增加而减小;当碳纤维含量一定时,随其长度的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弹性模量均增加,但断裂伸长率降低。     

Development of gypsum-based composites with tensile strain-hardening characteristics

Brittle nature of gypsum restrains its wide application in construction industry. For improvement, a novel type of composite material, gypsum-based engineered cementitious composites (GS-ECC), was developed using specially chosen polyethylene (PE) fibers. This study investigated the rheological and mechanical properties of GS-ECC, that is, workability, uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior, flexural strength, etc The investigation showed that GS-ECC possessed excellent tensile strain-hardening behavior and saturated cracking characteristics with the average tensile strain capacity more than 5%. To explore the underlying mechanism, the microstructure of interface transition zone (ITZ) between gypsum crystals and PE fibers were investigated through the use of SEM. Single fiber pull-out test, bending-fracture test, and single crack tension test were conducted to investigate the mesoscopic properties from fiber/matrix interface to matrix toughness and fiber bridging capacity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving strain-hardening gypsum-based composites by adding the PE fibers.     

原位复合法制备磁性纤维素纤维及其性能研究

以天然棉纤维为基材,用原位复合法在上沉积磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,制备出磁性纤维素纤维,利用X射线衍射仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜等方法对所得产物中磁性粒子进行表征。探究了预处理方法以及铁离子（Fe^3＋/Fe^2＋=2）浓度对制得的纤维磁性能的影响,并对磁性纳米粒子与纤维的结合牢度进行了讨论。结果表明：两个因素均会对纤维的磁性能产生影响,当用5%Na OH处理棉纤维原料,在铁离子总浓度为0.10 mol/L（Fe^3＋/Fe^2＋=2）反应时,最有利于磁性纳米颗粒在其表面的沉积,制得棉纤维复合材料的磁性能可以达到11.90 eum/g;经多次洗涤后磁性纤维的磁性能稍有下降,说明磁性纳米粒子对纤维附着力较好,期望被用作功能材料。     

碳纳米纤维对单向玻纤/环氧复合材料的影响

采用真空辅助RTM成型方法制备了0.5%碳纳米纤维(CNF)玻纤/环氧(GF/EP)复合材料,并对其一维饱和渗透率、不同温度下的力学性能、耐固体粒子冲蚀磨损性能进行了测试和研究分析。实验结果表明,加入0.5%CNF之后,平行于纤维方向的饱和渗透率降低了2~6倍,垂直于纤维方向的饱和渗透率降低了2~5倍;在孔隙率小于0.44时,两个方向的饱和渗透率差别不大,均接近于零;0.5%CNF的加入对纯EP及垂直于纤维方向复合材料的机械性能和耐固体粒子冲蚀磨损性能影响较小,在平行于纤维方向上复合材料的力学性能和耐固体粒子冲蚀磨损性能均有提高;在不同温度下,0.5%CNF的加入使垂直纤维方向上复合材料拉伸强度的稳定性得到提高。     

有机硅改性棉纤维制备油水分离材料

为获得应用更为广泛的疏水亲油材料,用有机硅树脂溶胶浸润棉纤维,继而进行溶胶凝胶反应,得到复合了大量有机硅树脂的棉纤维。应用宏观亲油疏水性测试,研究反应条件和参数对疏水性的影响,应用电镜测试,并对试样进行元素分析,可发现树脂在纤维表面形成包裹层,从微观上解释了疏水性的原因,并讨论反应物不同配比对复合效果的影响,以及有机硅复合量对疏水亲油性的影响,最终得到3.5mol/L,5mL氨水催化凝胶的条件下得到的棉纤维样品,其复合增重倍数为2.87,质地最为松软,纤维间孔隙完整,吸油增重倍数为196.0%,吸油比最大,可以作为最佳配比使用。     

Tensile properties of short sisal fiber reinforced polystyrene composites

The tensile properties of polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fiber and benzoylated sisal fiber were studied. The influence of fiber length, fiber content, fiber orientation, and ben-zoylation of the fiber on the tensile properties of the composite were evaluated. The ben-zoylation of the fiber improves the adhesion of the fiber to the polystyrene matrix. the benzoylated fiber was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. Experimental results indicate a better compatibility between benzoylated fiber and polystyrene. the benzoylation of the sisal fiber was found to enhance the tensile properties of the resulting composite. The tensile properties of unidirectionally aligned composites show a gradual increase with fiber content and a leveling off beyond 20% fiber loading. The properties were found to be almost independent of fiber length although the ultimate tensile strength shows marginal improvement at 10 mm fiber length. The thermal properties of the composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fiber surface, fiber pullout, and fiber–matrix interface. Theoretical models have been used to fit the experimental mechanical data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

偶联剂对玻璃纤维增强POM性能的影响

研究了玻璃纤维(GF)含量、偶联剂的种类与添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:偶联剂的加入,不仅使GF均匀分布在聚甲醛(POM)基体中,而且使复合材料的结构及性能有较大的改善。随着偶联剂和玻璃纤维含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能明显提高。