汽车用AZ91D镁合金表面改性实验研究

针对汽车用AZ91D镁合金耐蚀性不佳的问题,采用镀覆方法对其表面进行改性。采用特殊方法对镁合金进行预处理,并对表面改性的镁合金的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:腐蚀初期,镀层能够保护镁合金基体免遭腐蚀,有效提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性;腐蚀后期,镀层对镁合金基体的保护作用被削弱。     

热浸镀Mg-Zn合金镀层耐蚀性能及耐蚀机理研究

通过中性盐雾实验、全浸实验和电化学线性极化技术来测定不同镁含量合金镀层的耐蚀性,与现有先进金属镀层进行了耐蚀性比较,对镀层中镁含量与镀层耐蚀性的关系进行了研究,并通过扫描电镜观察镀层表面微观形貌,利用X-ray衍射测定镀层在Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀产物,对Mg-Zn合金镀层的耐蚀机理进行了初步探讨.     

海工装备用Q390E钢表面腐蚀防护实验研究

鉴于海工装备用Q390E钢的耐蚀性不理想,对其进行表面处理,在其表面制备Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层。对Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、耐蚀性及腐蚀形貌进行了测试与分析。结果表明:与Q390E钢相比,Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层表面更为平整,表面粗糙度降低21.2%,相同实验条件下腐蚀率明显降低,表面发生均匀腐蚀,腐蚀程度轻。Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层的耐蚀性优于Q390E钢的耐蚀性,能起到腐蚀防护作用,提高Q390E钢的耐蚀性。     

添加稀土铈对化学镀Ni—P镀层耐蚀性的影响

研究了在相同基础镀液实验条件下,添加稀土铈后所获得的镀层在盐酸,硫酸及氯化钠介质中的耐蚀性,通过扫描电镜对镀层表面腐蚀形态进行观察和失重实验,结果表明镀液中添中铈离子后镀层耐蚀性增强。     

复合电沉积Ni-W-P-CeO_2-Al_2O_3镀层耐蚀性能的研究

采用复合脉冲电沉积法制备Ni-W-P-CeO2-Al2O3复合镀层,研究了该镀层耐蚀性能。实验结果表明：镀层的耐蚀性随着制备温度的升高而明显得到提高,同时随着电流密度的增大,镀层的腐蚀速率降低,耐蚀性能得到提高,升高到一定的程度后,耐蚀性反而降低。随着电沉积时间的延长,镀层的耐蚀性能明显提高,但时间延长到一定程度后,耐蚀性变化不明显。经热处理后,Ni-W-P-CeO2-Al2O3复合镀层耐蚀性均有所提高。     

烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁体酸性化学镀Ni-P

经除油、酸洗、封孔、活化、闪镀后,在Nd-Fe-B永磁体上进行常规化学镀Ni-P合金。测试了不同施镀时间下Ni-P镀层的性能。X射线与扫描电镜图显示该Ni-P镀层光亮、致密,为非晶态结构,其磷含量为12．1％。采用极化曲线测量了Nd-Fe-B永磁体及Ni-P镀层的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率,并对其进行了海：水浸泡实验。结果表明,Ni-P镀层的自腐蚀电位较Nd-Fe-B大大提高,且封孔能提高镀层的耐蚀性：该镀层能明显提高Nd-Fe-B永磁体的耐腐蚀能力,且随镀层厚度增加,耐蚀性增加。     

酸性化学镀Ni-Zn-P工艺的研究

研究了硫酸锌、添加剂和pH值对镀层沉积速率及镀层腐蚀电位的影响.测试了镀层在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的Tafel曲线;用电化学阻抗实验对镀层的耐蚀性进行了测试.研究结果表明:镀层在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,相对甘汞电极的腐蚀电势为-0.600 9 V,比化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的腐蚀电势-0.343 V低258 mV.     

镍磷化学镀层在北方重工业城市雪水中的耐蚀性

为了改善Q235钢在空气污染较为严重的环境中的耐蚀性,以北方重工业城市之一的抚顺望花区的雪水为腐蚀溶液,考察了化学镀镍层在该介质中的耐蚀行为。采用金相显微镜观察了镍磷镀层的表面形貌,通过冷冻-加热循环试验考察了镀层的结合力,借助动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱等方法评价了镀层在雪水中的耐蚀性,测试和观察了浸泡实验的腐蚀速率和表面形貌。结果表明,Ni-P镀层可在Q235钢表面均匀沉积且较为致密,与基体之间有良好的结合力。镀层的自腐蚀电流密度较Q235钢低,电荷转移电阻更大,腐蚀速率是Q235钢的1/3～1/2。Ni-P镀层明显改善了Q235钢在污染较为严重的雪水中的耐蚀性,可作为Q235钢腐蚀防护的一种措施。     

化学镀Ni-P-PTFE层的硫化气氛中耐蚀性的研究

化学镀Ni-P-PTFE层常用于一些特定的场合.为提高其耐蚀性,使其能应用于特殊的腐蚀环境.采用了以Ni-P合金层为底层,Ni-P-PTFE层为面层的双层组合.研究了镀层在模拟硫化气氛中的耐蚀性及热处理对镀层耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:Ni-P合金层采用此双层组合镀层能满足耐硫化气氛腐蚀的要求.此外,热处理对镀层耐蚀性有不利影响,故不宜对镀层进行热处理.     

脉冲参数对镍镀层在NaCl溶液中耐蚀性的影响

采用扫描电镜观察镀层腐蚀前后的微观表面形貌,其腐蚀为小孔腐蚀,并分析镍镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀机理.利用浸泡腐蚀试验及阳极极化曲线测试镍镀层的耐蚀性.利用阳极极化曲线测试结果作为正交试验指标,着重分析脉冲参数及pH值对镀层耐蚀性的影响规律.脉冲频率越大,脉冲平均电流密度在6 A/cm2左右,pH值为3.8时,镀层耐蚀性能最好.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.