东昌湖流域生态补水管理模式探讨

目前国际上已将湖泊水环境研究的重心转向湖泊流域生态系统管理,即从流域尺度对湖泊进行污染治理、生态恢复以及生态系统管理,实现湖泊流域内社会经济协调与湖泊生态系统健康的可持续发展。笔者在对东昌湖流域生态补水管理概念界定的基础上,提出了东昌湖流域生态补水管理概念模式、东昌湖流域社会经济协调发展优化模式、东昌湖水质水量保障和生态环境改善的环境管理体系。它涵盖了流域管理、水环境管理和生态系统管理的思想和内容。     

福州山仔水库富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平初步调查分析

目的:调查福州山仔水库的富营养化状况和微囊藻毒素污染水平。方法:采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对山仔水库水源地的微囊藻毒素进行为期一年的监测,同时测定与水体富营养化相关的水质指标。结果:表明2007年山仔水库在春末和夏、秋季检出了3种微囊藻毒(MC-YR、MC-RR、MC-LR),以MC-YR为主。山仔水库水体的营养状况为中营养到富营养化水平。夏季是藻毒素污染的高峰时段,其浓度与水库环境条件及水质的营养水平有密切的关系。     

浅议城市初期雨水治理思路和处理方法

城市初期雨水污染问题在国内外受到了普遍的关注。也是现代城市化过程中人们面对的一个主要问题．针对城市初期雨水产生的过程及其特性。根据国内外处理的经验,本文对城市初期雨水的治理思路和处理方法进行分析和整理．提出“源头减量就地处理——城市区域分区处理——设施维护管理”的一套完整的治理思路和方法．为控制城市河道及受纳水体污染,改善城市水环境状况提供设计思路．     

城市河道黑臭水体暨污染底泥治理技术及标准探讨

本文以某河流水环境综合整治工程为例,以城市河道黑臭水体及底泥污染现状、污染物组分、形成机理分析以及所采取的治理技术为主线,以河道黑臭水体及污染底泥治理技术为核心,重点对黑臭水体的控源截污、完善污水排放体系、补水配水技术以及污染底泥的疏浚清淤、控源分离、脱水固化及资源化处置技术进行全面、系统研究。同时,以此为基础,在贯彻落实国家、行业以及地方相关政策要求,认真分析、研究相关标准、规范,制定了《城市河湖泊涌环境治理工程建设管理规程》(Q/PWEG T10-1.1-2016)等共8项河湖污泥处理领域相关企业技术标准。并通过进一步总结、成果整合,以我司为主起草、编制了《河湖污泥处理厂产出物处置技术规范》(SZDB/Z236-2017),得到了市级主管部门审查和批准,于2017年4月1日该地方规范正式发布实施,填补了国内当前在河湖污泥处置方面的标准空白。为国家及其他省市相关工程的开展提供积极有益的引领示范和借鉴参考作用。     

影响引清调水黑臭改善效果因素分析

黑臭是水质有机污染的一种极端现象,是由于水体缺氧,有机物腐败而造成的。伴随着城市快速扩张、工业化进程加快、人口急剧膨胀,珠三角河网水体受到严重污染,其中有许多河涌特别是断头涌出现季节性或常年性黑臭现象。实践证明,引清调水对改善水体黑臭效果明显。分析黑臭及其影响改善效果的各个因素的相关关系,结果表明:污染源是影响河涌水体黑臭改善效果的主要影响因素,污染源的数量、排污口的面积与黑臭的相关系数分别达到了0.861、0.925;涨潮时引水流量是对河涌黑臭改善有利的主要影响因素,其相关系数为-0.542。实施截污和清淤,通过长期引清调水,可以根本解决河涌水体的黑臭问题。     

COD在线自动监测仪测定方法对比及发展趋势

<正>随着科技的进步,更加便捷的自动化仪器越来越多地出现在环境监测领域。为了准确监测自然水体和污染源排放中有机污染物的变化,及时掌握主要流域重点断面水体的水质状况,预报重大或流域性水质污染事故,解决跨行政区域的水污染纠纷,监督污染源排放总量及排放达标情况等,需要使用水质在线自动监测仪。近年来,在水质监测方面出现了COD、BOD、TOC等在线自动监测仪。自动在线监测仪与传统的实验室仪器相比,不仅能实时监测,使监测者及时地得到连续的监测数据,而且节省了大量的人力,方便了环保部门对排污单位的监督和管理。就以测定COD为例,对不同种类的COD在线自动监测仪进行分析对比。     

中央空调冷却水系统常见问题及分析

本文重点介绍了中央空调冷却水系统中冷却塔选型、布管、冷却水补水、水质处理,以及冷却水系统节能等常见问题,针对这些问题从设计、施工、运行等方面提出了应注意的事项和解决方法。     

纳米材料在观赏鲤鱼养殖中的应用研究

试验通过室内箱体养殖鲤鱼,研究了纳米材料对鱼苗生长和对水体理化性状的影响。结果表明,纳米材料可提高水体pH值,降低NO2^-和NO3^-含量,改善水质;纳米材料处理水体可明显提高鱼苗的成活率,其中纳米网效果最好,使成活率提高一倍。     

北方城市河流黑臭水体水质改善技术研究

城市河流黑臭水体水质改善一项涉及设计、建设、运营以及维护多个阶段的复杂系统工程。该文在分析北方城市河流特点及黑臭成因的基础上,尝试将河流、沟渠划分为大河、中小河和毛支沟3种类型,并分析其水质改善特点。在调查已完成的黑臭水体治理工程的基础上,筛选出具有较好生态效益、环境效益和社会效益的水质提升技术4类22种,进一步按照河流类型的不同,提出了水质提升技术模式。城市河流黑臭水体水质改善是一项长期艰巨的环境治理任务。笔者认为建立长效管护机制,应对各河各项的水质提升技术进行跟踪评价,做到"一河一评",从而为后续的水质改善提供借鉴。     

盐城市典型地区的水质调查与分析

在流经盐城市主城区的主要水道设置监测点,开展了城市环境水质调查,测试了高锰酸盐指数,生化需氧量,溶解氧,氨氮,总磷,总氮,重金属的污染水平,进行了综合评价。结果表明,不同地域之间的水质有所差异,生活污水排放水域有机物和磷的含量较高,而园林区域的水有机物和磷的含量不高。总体上含氮量水平偏高,但重金属污染很轻。这为水体净化工作提供了重要参考,提示可以充分营造条件提高水体自净能力,减少盲目进行水污染处理的成本消耗。     

Oily water treatment using a new steady-state fiber-bed coalescer

This study was concerned with the possibility of oil separation from two heavily polluted wastewater types: formation water and wastewater from hardening shop, using bed a newly developed coalescer. Experiments were carried out using original wastewaters and an artificial model wastewater. Results obtained for seven samples of formation water of very different quality showed that the water properties had no significant effect on bed coalescence efficiency. In contrast to this, crude oil properties strongly influenced steady-state bed coalescence. In the treatment of hardening oily wastewater in situ during a 4-month period oil concentration in the effluent was less than 20mg/l in all experiments. It appeared that oil concentration and water quality had no effect on bed separation efficiency. Special design of the coalescer and use of two filter materials ensured its good performance. Namely, the pipe-in-pipe construction provided the water orientation change several times while passing through the unit, making inertia one of dominant separation mechanisms.     

水的良性社会循环与城市水资源

章从水的社会循环全过程的角度,论述了城市水资源短缺危机的解决途径,指出进行城市污水和工业废水的处理和回用,节约用水,进行饮用水除污染处理、以及进行水的优质优用,合理调配,开发雨水、海水利用等,以及在充分论证基础上进行远距离调水,是缓解城市水资源危机的多种可能途径。     

陕西关中地区雨水收集利用传统模式研究

1.研究背景近年来,气候的恶化导致关中大部分地区出现夏季多雨易内涝,秋冬少雨易发生干旱的问题。如何将雨水收集利用作为日常水资源的补充成为近年来持续被关注和研究的问题。同时,夯土和木结构的传统民居自90年代以来也越来越少,或因为破败废弃,或是被拆掉改为砖混结构。由之而来的不仅仅是民居环境的变迁与更迭,更加导致了传统文化及智慧内涵被遗弃。     

The ‘meaning’ behind household rainwater use: An Australian case study

Suburban rainwater tanks have the potential to reduce household mains water consumption, but simply installing the technology does not mean rainwater is automatically incorporated into everyday practices. Exploring how rainwater is conceptualised in contrast to mains water, and the way it is used in household practices, provides insights into why rainwater tank households may not be using less mains water than households without tanks. Water saving strategies that promote rainwater tanks tend to focus on installation rather than how, why and where rainwater is substituted for mains water. While there is the assumption that rainwater tank households use less mains water, an investigation of rainwater practices have revealed influential social and cultural factors that extend far beyond installing a new technology. Drawing on a household water study involving 21 interviews and 1425 surveys in the Illawarra region, Australia, practice theory principles provided insight into how rainwater was conceptualised, revealing the ‘meaning’ of rainwater as an influential factor informing its everyday use. The historical, cultural and emotional meanings of rainwater contribute to shaping its use in everyday practices. Rainwater means different things to different people and it is this spectrum of meanings that inform the range of practices, and volumes of use. This study highlights opportunities for increased integration of rainwater into household practices, which may broaden the perceived uses and usefulness, reshaping it's meaning over time.     

膜技术和环境保护中的水处理

介绍了目前中国水资源和膜工业现状,目前,世界水污染日益严重,水资源日益短缺。中国有660个城市,360个城市缺水,110个 城市严重缺水,40个城市极度缺水,有些专家预测,水资源将会成为许多地区冲突和国际战争的根源,中国的水污染十分严重,有46.5%的河流受到了污染,77%的污水未经处理被直接排放,膜技术在水处理方面有着独特的优势,中东不少国家使用反渗透技术进行海水淡化,世界5大海水淡化工厂有4家在中东的沙特,利用膜技术实现分质供水是提高人们饮水质量的重要措施。膜技术用于城市污水处理既可以减少污染,也可以节约资源,中国膜研究人员和膜公司很从,这些年发展也特别快,但在实力上和规模上与世界先进水平还有差距,有待进一步提高。     

发泡陶土--城市雨水资源化材料的研究

发泡陶土是实施城市雨水资源化的基础材料,它具有在饱和含水或干燥状态下物理形态、物理强度等性能稳定的优越性.目前实验室研制成功的发泡陶土为多空状,单孔直径一般为0.2～5mm之间,孔洞密集分布均匀;气孔形状一般为多边形,少数为圆形,40～80%以上的气孔均为闭气孔,孔壁薄,厚0.1～2mm,吸水率可达84.3～110.0%.可应用于或部分替代节水节能型环保小区的给排水系统,也可用于城市的绿地建设和城市街道、绿地的末端排水系统工程中.     

吸附树脂及其在水与废水处理中的应用

主要论述了吸附树脂的分类、合成、性能及其在水处理中的应用,重点讨论了人工合成及天然高分子改性吸附树脂的合成、性能及其在微污染水源给水处理及废水处理中应用的研究进展.其由于在废物处理和资源回收方面的良好前景而受到青睐,并有逐渐取代活性炭成为新一代吸附剂的趋势,但对其工程化的应用尚需继续研究.最后展望了高分子吸附剂(吸附树脂)的研究及应用前景,提出了今后吸附树脂的研究发展方向.     

一种蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合制取高温冷水的新方法

目前制取高温冷水的方法有深井回灌技术、地埋管技术、蒸发冷却式冷水机组和机械制冷高温冷水机组。这些方法要么是纯粹利用天然冷源,要么是利用人工冷源,还没将天然冷源与人工冷源结合起来。本文介绍的一种为显热末端制取高温冷水的新方法,就是将低成本、低能耗又环保的蒸发冷却技术(天然冷源)与机械制冷技术(人工冷源)相复合来制取高温冷水。并详细介绍了它的工作原理,还对其在西安地区进行了初步测试。     

Impact of Low-Impact Development Technologies from an Ecological Perspective in Different Residential Zones of the City of Atlanta,Georgia

Low-impact development (LID) technologies have a great potential to reduce water usage and stormwater runoff and are therefore seen as sustainable improvements that can be made to traditional water infrastructure. These technologies include bioretention areas, rainwater capturing, and xeriscaping, all of which can be used in residential zones. Within the City of Atlanta, residential water usage accounts for 53% of the total water consumption; therefore, residential zones offer significant impact potential for the implementation of LID. This study analyzes the use of LID strategies within the different residential zones of the City of Atlanta from an ecological perspective by drawing analogies to natural ecosystems. The analysis shows that these technologies, especially with the addition of a graywater system, work to improve the conventional residential water network based upon these ecological metrics. The higher metric values suggest greater parity with healthy, natural ecosystems.     

Microbial quality of hemodialysis water,a survey of six centers in Lagos,Nigeria

Patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are usually exposed to large volumes of dialysate, which is separated from patients' blood only by thin membrane of dialyzer. It is therefore essential to frequently monitor the quality of HD water to ensure that it meets the recommended standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of HD water in Lagos, Nigeria. Four sets of pre‐ and post‐treatment water samples, 20 mL each, were collected from six HD centers in Lagos and tested for microbial contamination using the molten Tryptic soy agar in accordance with Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG). Pyrogen tests were also conducted on pre‐ and post‐treatment samples using standard technique. Information on water treatment modalities, maintenance practices and quality control measures in each center were obtained using a questionnaire. All centers use treated water for HD purpose. None of the HD centers met EBPG/AAMI guidelines for microbial contaminants as the mean levels of Escherichia coli in both feed and treated water were 441.7 ± 87.90 and 168.5 ± 64.03, respectively. E. coli was the commonest organism isolated in both feed and treated water in all the centers. HD water quality is still a neglected problem in our environment and more efforts are required to ensure good water quality for HD purpose.