弱粘结性块煤在直立炉中的应用

连续式直立炭化炉是煤干馏制气炉型中唯一能够连续进料,连续制气排焦的干馏制气设备,是发展城市煤气的一种重要装置。一、直立炉气化过程原料煤由直立炉炉顶煤仓,每隔一小时送入辅助煤箱。煤靠自重连续加入炭化室内,煤在炭化室内被燃烧室传来的热加热到950～1000℃左右、进行干馏炭化。生成炽热焦炭靠自重落入与炭化室底部相连接的排焦上箱内。同时在箱内喷入约2     

多气头合成氨生产的氢氮比控制

由于合成氨工艺的复杂性,长期以来氢氮比调节一直是一个较为棘手的问题.我厂经过多次技术改造,合成氨系统有常压间歇式煤气发生炉焦制气、鲁奇炉加压煤气化制气以及甲烷双一段转化制气三个气头.     

焦粉型球的研制及工业中试

介绍了利用廉价的焦粉加入复合粘结剂生产焦粉型球代替煤气发生炉所用块焦的研制、工业中试和试烧过程。型球的配方合理 ,技术上可行 ,生产流程先进 ;生产的型球冷强度、热稳定性好 ,能满足人工煤气发生炉的制气工艺要求 ,生产的煤气组分及热值与块焦的基本相同 ,具有显著的经济效益     

以干馏煤气为介质的半焦干熄焦技术研究

针对陕北半焦产品水分含量高,生产过程中水资源消耗大的问题,提出利用低温干馏煤气作为熄焦介质实现半焦干熄焦的技术方案.对应用干熄焦技术的内热式直立低温干馏炉生产半焦的过程进行了模拟物料平衡、热量平衡计算和低温干馏过程能耗分析.结果表明,干熄焦技术应用于低温干馏生产半焦过程可以节约水约203 kg/t半焦,有效回收半焦显热,节能643.30 MJ/t半焦,产品水分可大幅度减少;同时,由于水煤气反应减少,半焦收率提高;理论分析证明了该技术良好的应用前景.     

造气系统技术改造尝试

借鉴小型氮肥造气系统高产低耗的优点,对中型氮肥块煤焦间歇式固定床造气炉进行了技术改造.对比了改造前后的工艺流程;从蒸汽系统、油压系统、余热回收系统的改造以及空气总管、炉底中心管的改进方面阐述了工艺系统的配套改造;从炉体改造、加焦机改造、洗气塔改造,取消燃烧室、洗气箱,增装夹套锅炉汽包等方面阐述了设备的优化措施.改造结果表明,造气吨氨煤耗从1.75 t下降至1.547 t,煤气产量提高了10%,煤气中有效成分提高了4%.     

神府煤在SH2007型内热式直立炭化炉中的干馏

介绍了陕北低变质煤在陕西省冶金设计研究院研发的SH2007型内热式直立炭化炉上于馏的工艺流程,并介绍了该炭化炉正常生产的关键操作工艺,该工艺生产的半焦、焦油、煤气具有较好的经济价值。     

应用计算机技术实现加焦的优化控制

吉化公司化肥厂二造气车间以焦炭为原料,富氧空气、蒸汽为气化剂,使用UGI型煤气发生炉制半水煤气。 1988年固定层造气应用计算机对蒸汽、富氧等环节进行程序控制。但是加焦系统未能与计算机相匹配,机械加焦传动时间误差大,易损坏,计量不准。为消除上述弊病,去年车间采用微机控制加焦机进行自动加焦,但是加焦过程复杂,主机与加焦机距离远,致使加焦滞后,影响造气连续化生产。     

我公司造气设备技术改造

对J28型煤气发生炉存在的问题进行了分析，通过对给料系统、加焦系统、炉底、炉箅、废热锅炉进行改造，使入炉焦耗降低，单炉产气量提高。     

直立内热式兰炭炉水封熄焦技术分析探讨

简述了直立内热式兰炭炉水封熄焦工艺原理,通过分析,认为水封熄焦在增加兰炭炉内气体通量、推动热量传导和转换、平抑和稳定系统温度、回收兰炭显热、实现兰炭和煤气气固分离及实现兰炭生产系统废水"零"排放等方面,具有积极作用,应对水封熄焦工艺客观认识其利弊,扬长避短,促进兰炭产业持续、健康、稳定发展。     

煤气发生炉增氧制气工艺对比及效果分析

介绍了变压吸附制氧的主要设备参数、产品性能、消耗、成本等指标,阐述了煤气发生炉系统增氧制气投运的调节控制过程,对增氧制气前后煤气发生炉各工艺参数、气体成分、灰渣残碳含量、产气量、消耗等指标进行了详细对比。对比结果表明,煤气发生炉实施增氧制气是一项投资少、见效快、增产、增效的技改项目。     

Differences between mineral coal and extracted coal

A distinction is proposed between mineral coal and extracted coal. Mineral coal is a complex natural composite that is found in underground beds, while extracted coal is created from mineral coal in working those beds. It is important to keep in mind that mineral coal is created by natural processes, whereas extracted coal is produced by human activity.     

Molecular components of coal and coal structure

A high-volatile bituminous coal was extracted at room temperature by various organic solvents. The yields of the extracts ranged from 4.5 wt% daf (ethanol/benzene extract) to 38 wt% daf (pyridine/ethylenediamine extract). The extracts were analysed by Fl mass spectrometry; the volatile part (75–80 wt%) was composed of substances of molecular weight in the range 70–800 amu, but the compounds in the 200–600 amu range predominated. Over 300 compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that compounds < 800 amu constitute at least 30 wt% daf of the analysed coal.     

Electrical conductivity of coal and coal char

The electrical conductivity of coal, at either 1 kHz or d.c., was measured at 24 °C on samples recovered from pyrolysis experiments aimed at modelling conditions during in situ gasification of coal. From an initial value of 10⁻³ S/m (when the coal is saturated with formation water), the conductivity decreases to 10⁻⁸ S/m when the coal is heated to 110 °C in vacuum. This low value, presumably due to dehydration of the coal, prevails for samples heated as high as 500 °C in dry argon. Samples of char recovered after pyrolysis to 800 °C or more have a conductivity of 10² S/m. Capitalizing on the large contrast between the conductivities of coal and char produced during gasification, electrical probing may be a sensitive tool for monitoring ‘burn-front’ progress during in situ coal gasification.     

澳大利亚煤代替西曲焦煤的配煤炼焦研究

对澳大利亚煤和国内6种单种煤进行煤质分析和配煤炼焦实验,分析澳大利亚煤代替西曲煤进行炼焦的可行性。结果表明澳大利亚煤具有低灰低硫、高挥发分等特点,在炼焦中用澳大利亚煤替代西曲焦煤可降低焦炭的灰分和硫分,增大焦炭的各向异性指数,改善焦炭强度。     

Industrial coking of coal batch without bituminous coal

For many years, Kuznetsk-coal batch has always included bituminous coal. Depending on the content of such coal, the batch may be characterized as lean, moderately clinkering, or bituminous. This classification was adopted by specialists of the Eastern Coal-Chemistry Institute (ECCI) in experimental coking at Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Works in 1945 [1]. Lean batch contained 10% Osinovsk bituminous coal (plastic-layer thickness y = 13 mm); moderately coking coal contained 25% bituminous coal (y = 16 mm); and bituminous batch contained 40% of such coal (y = 20 mm).     

黏结煤与不黏煤共热解特性研究

为了利用内构件反应器热解技术实现黏结性煤的高值化利用,采用TG-MS和固定床反应器研究了黏结的山西兴县煤(简称XX煤)与不黏的先锋褐煤(简称XF煤)共热解时的破黏和热解特性。TG-MS实验结果表明,XX煤与XF煤配制的混合煤比XX煤黏性小,且XF煤促进了XX煤热解,混合煤热解行为是两种煤共同作用的结果。固定床热解实验表明,煤粒径越小,降黏越显著;XX煤和XF煤的比例(XX:XF)越小,降黏越显著,XX:XF小于5:5时,可消除结焦团块;XX:XF越小,半焦产率越低,焦油和煤气产率越高;随XX:XF减小,焦油中<170℃和230~300℃的馏分含量先升后降,XX:XF=6:4~3:7时最高,170~210℃、210~230℃和300~360℃的馏分逐渐增加,>360℃的馏分含量不断降低;随XX:XF的减小,H2含量先升高后降低,在XX:XF=3:7时最高;CO含量呈略微升高趋势;CO2含量先逐步升高,在XX:XF=6:4达到最高,然后从XX:XF=5:5开始降低,在XX:XF=3:7达到最低,然后又开始升高;CH4及C2~C3组分含量呈下降趋势,而H2+CO+CH4 (煤气中有效组分之和)的含量先下降再升高接着再降低,在XX:XF=6:4时最低,XX:XF=3:7时最高。XX:XF越小,虽半焦的C/N和C/H不断减少,但C元素含量增幅和N, H元素含量减幅增大;比表面积越大,内孔结构越多越大,起燃温度越低,燃烧越彻底。     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。     

高硫焦煤在配煤中的应用

通过研究高硫焦煤的理化性质,在配合煤中配入一定比例的廉价高硫焦煤,焦炭质量得到改善,主焦煤的使用比例减少,入炉煤成本大幅降低.     

关于混煤的配煤探讨

针对生产用煤多为复杂混煤的不利情况,在常规分析数据的基础上利用岩相分析手段指导配煤,有效稳定了焦炭质量,明显改善了焦炭的热态性能。     

Coking properties of coal pitch in coal batch

The coking properties of coal pitch depend significantly on its fractional composition, which determines the set of structural components involved in meso-phase formation. The optimal combination of high-molecular aromatic compounds, polycyclic compounds of intermediate molecular mass, and hydrogen-donor hydroaromatic components corresponds to a ratio of pitch fractions α: β: γ = 1: 2: 2. This is typical of coal pitch with a softening temperature of 75–85°C. Such pitch is the best clinkering additive to coking batch, resulting in the production of coke of maximum strength.