磺化褐煤对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附与还原

在静态条件下,进行了以磺化褐煤(SBC)作吸附剂、还原剂净化含铬废水的实验。研究了含铬废水的pH值、浓度和接触时间等因素对SBC吸附、还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,确定了SBC净化含铬废水的最佳条件。结合对实际含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附、还原净化处理,讨论了SBC对电镀废水处理的可行性     

磺化褐煤对重金属离子的吸附作用研究

在静态条件下,研究了磺化褐煤（ＳＢＣ）对重金属的吸附与交换。结果表明,ＳＢＣ对重金属离子具有较强的吸附性能,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的主要因素,离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式。结合对实际镀锌废水的吸附净化试验,讨论了ＳＢＣ对电镀废水处理的可行性。     

改性褐煤活性焦对含铬(Ⅵ)废水的处理

为了开发新型高效廉价的废水Cr(Ⅵ)吸附材料,以褐煤为原料制备褐煤活性焦,加入金属氧化物MnO2对褐煤活性焦进行改性,在25℃,静态条件下,探讨了改性褐煤活性焦对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理效果,确定最佳吸附条件,并研究了25℃下的吸附平衡。结果表明:在25℃,废水pH值为2.0,Cr(Ⅵ)的起始浓度为50mg/L,吸附时间为2.0 h,Cr(Ⅵ)与改性褐煤活性焦的质量比为1∶36时,改性褐煤活性焦对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)具有很好的吸附性能;改性褐煤活性焦处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的效果显著,饱和吸附量为57.14 mg/g;该改性褐煤活性焦可再生利用。     

壳聚糖吸附处理废水中的微量铬(Ⅵ)

在静态条件下，研究了壳聚糖(CHT)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附，探讨了CHT吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子的最佳工艺条件及CHT的再生方法。结果表明，CHT对Cr(Ⅵ)具有较好的吸附性能，吸附的最佳条件是：pH值3—4；废水中Cr(V1)离子浓度≤60mg／L；吸附时间8—10h。利用CHT处理电镀厂含Cr(Ⅵ)废水，Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附率达98％以上，且不影响水的本底浓度。     

城市污泥改性物对电镀废水中Cr（VI）的吸附研究

在静态条件下，进行了以城市污泥改性物（MSMP）作吸附剂净化含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的试验。研究了含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的pH值、浓度、接触时间和吸附剂的投加量等因素对MSMP吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的影响，确定了MSMP净化含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的最佳条件为：吸附时间20min，pH值为中性，Cr（Ⅵ）起始浓度不超过50mg／L，温度为30℃。结合对实际含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的吸附净化处理，证实了MSMP可用于电镀废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附处理。     

离子交换纤维对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附与解吸

研究了水中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）被ＰＳ离子交换纤维的吸附与解吸，在温度１５－３０℃滤速为６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ时，浓度为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）溶液的除经在９８％以上。使用５％ａＯＨ溶液呆使该离子交换纤维再生，当流束上于０．４ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ时，洗脱率达到９５％，并具有较好的选择性和较长的使用寿命。     

城市污泥改性物对电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

在静态条件下,进行了以城市污泥改性物(MSMP)作吸附剂净化含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的试验.研究了含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的pH值、浓度、接触时间和吸附剂的投加量等因素对MSMP吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,确定了MSMP净化含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的最佳条件为:吸附时间20 min,pH值为中性,Cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度不超过50 mg/L,温度为30℃.结合对实际含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附净化处理,证实了MSMP可用于电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附处理.     

天祝褐煤对重金属离子的吸附特征

以甘肃天祝褐煤作吸附剂，常温下对Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋溶液进行了吸附试验研究，探讨了其吸附动力学、吸附平衡、吸附机理及介质酸度的影响.结果表明，褐煤对几种重金属离子的吸附平衡基本符合Langmuir模型，介质酸度对吸附效果有显著的影响，pH〉5．00时吸附率均可达90％。     

提取腐植酸后的天祝褐煤残渣对污水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

天祝褐煤资源丰富,其提取腐植酸后的残渣对污水中的有害物质有一定的吸附能力.为此,制备了天祝褐煤提取腐植酸后的残渣,研究了其对污水中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.结果表明:在室温(20～25℃),pH值为5的条件下,褐煤残渣对Cr(Ⅵ)有较好的吸附性能,吸附平衡时间约为4 h;吸附规律符合Freundlich吸附等温式,其相关系数R2为0.968 6,特性常数n为2.044 6,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述.     

腐植酸树脂对电镀废水中重金属离子的吸附

利用泥炭为原料制备出腐植酸树脂。在动态条件下 ,研究了腐植酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的吸附效果及条件。同时探讨了腐植酸树脂对Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的吸附与解吸再生机理。含Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的电镀废水经腐植酸树脂吸附后 ,废水中重金属离子的含量低于国家排放标准     

离子液体改性沸石吸附水溶液中Cr(VI)的研究

利用离子液体十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物对天然沸石进行表面改性,并将改性沸石用于水中Cr(VI)的吸附,研究离子液体浓度、反应时间、p H等条件对Cr(VI)吸附性能的影响,采用X射线衍射和红外光谱对离子液体改性沸石进行表征。结果表明,咪唑离子浓度不大于0.3 mol/L的低浓度离子液体改性的沸石对Cr(VI)的吸附作用不明显,咪唑离子浓度大于0.9 mol/L的离子液体改性的沸石对Cr(VI)具有好的吸附效果;酸性条件有利于改性沸石对Cr(VI)的吸附;咪唑离子浓度为0.6、0.9 mol/L的离子液体改性的沸石吸附Cr(VI)平衡的时间分别为240、8 min。     

提取腐植酸后的天祝褐煤残渣对污水中Cr(VI)的吸附性能

天祝褐煤资源丰富,其提取腐植酸后的残渣对污水中的有害物质有一定的吸附能力。为此,制备了天祝褐煤提取腐植酸后的残渣,研究了其对污水中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明:在室温(20～25℃),pH值为5的条件下,褐煤残渣对Cr(VI)有较好的吸附性能,吸附平衡时间约为4h;吸附规律符合Freundlich吸附等温式,其相关系数R2为0.9686,特性常数n为2.0446,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述。     

Reduction of Cr(VI) by hydrazine in solution saturated with KHCO3

Cr(VI) that exists in many industrial wastes is considered highly toxic. One of the most common ways to dispose of these wastes is to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which is less toxic and can be easily removed or fixed. Reduction of Cr(VI) by hydrazine in aqueous solutions saturated with potassium bicarbonate was studied in this paper. The content of Cr(VI), molar ratio of hydrazine to Cr(VI) and reaction temperature were 200-1000 ppm, 2:1-10:1 and 25-70 degrees C, respectively. Results showed that the overall reaction was third-order, i.e. first-order with respect to hydrazine and second-order with respect to Cr(VI). The apparent empirical activation energy was 75.6 kJmol(-1). The reaction kinetics could be interpreted by a three-step mechanism. Effect of the oxygen in the solution on the reduction of Cr(VI) was negligible.     

Optimization of the Simultaneous Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by Ion Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection

An optimized method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions using ion chromatography with chemiluminescence detection is described. Excellent resolution of the two chromium species was obtained using a single mixed-bed ion-exchange column with continuous elution. After postcolumn reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the light emitted during the Cr(III)-catalyzed oxidation of luminol with hydrogen peroxide was measured. Parameters affecting the postcolumn reactions such as reductant concentration, reductant mixing, point of luminol introduction, and luminol flow rate were optimized. The calibration curves in the range tested (0.01-50 μg L(-)(1)) were linear, and detection limits of 0.002 μg L(-)(1) for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were obtained. The results of the analyses of the water reference materials LGC CRM6010 and NIST SRM1643d with certified chromium values of 49 ± 4 and 18.53 ± 0.20 μg L(-)(1) and found to contain only Cr(III) were 49.2 ± 1.8 and 19.0 ± 1.5 μg L(-)(1), respectively. Values of 10.6 ± 0.5 and 10.1 ± 0.5 μg L(-)(1) were obtained when a simulated water sample containing 10 μg L(-)(1) Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was analyzed.     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) on 1,2-ethylenediamine-aminated macroporous polystyrene particles

An adsorbent, 1,2-ethylenediamine-aminated macroporous polystyrene (EDA-PSt) particles was used to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Effect of pH value, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration on adsorption amount of Cr(VI) on EDA-PSt were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm can be well described by the Langmuir equation and the adsorption kinetics fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. According to Langmuir equation, Q_m was calculated to be 175.75 mg g⁻¹. The breakthrough curve experiment showed that the dynamic adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) on EDA-PSt was 100.06 mg g⁻¹. The adsorbed Cr(VI) could be desorbed by 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NaOH and the desorption ratio was 67.28%.     

Adsorption characteristics and separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on hydrous titanium(IV) oxide

A hydrous titanium(IV) oxide was prepared to study the adsorption characteristics and the separation of chromium species. Batch sorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of pH on the sorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on hydrous TiO2. An excellent separation efficiency of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was obtained at pH 2. The adsorption percentage of Cr(VI) was above 99%, whereas that of the Cr(III) was less than 1% at this pH. The adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI) on hydrous TiO2 at pH 2 was in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on TiO2 was 5 mg g(-1). The rate of adsorption of Cr(VI) by hydrous TiO2 with average particle diameter 250 and 500 microm has been studied under particle diffusion controlled conditions. The diffusion coefficients of Cr(VI) for both hydrous TiO2 having average particle diameter of 250 and 500 microm was calculated at pH 2 as 3.84 x 10(-10) m2 s(-1) and 8.86 x 10(-10) m2 s(-1), respectively.     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide

A type of ZrO₂·nH₂O was synthesized and its Cr(VI) removal potential was investigated in this study. The kinetic study, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, thermodynamic study and desorption were examined in batch experiments. The kinetic process was described by a pseudo-second-order rate model very well. The Cr(VI) adsorption tended to increase with a decrease of pH. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity increased from 61 to 66 mg g^?1 when the temperature was increased from 298 to 338 K. The positive values of both ΔH° and ΔS° suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid–liquid interface during the adsorption. ΔG° values obtained were negative indicating a spontaneous adsorption process. The effective desorption of Cr(VI) on ZrO₂·nH₂O could be achieved using distilled water at pH 12.     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by spent activated clay

Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto spent activated clay (SAC), a waste produced from an edible oil refinery company, was investigated for its beneficial use in wastewater treatment. After pressure steam treatment, SAC was used as an adsorbent. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed and fitted well in a pseudo-first-order equation and the rate of removal was found to speed up with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. Activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 4.01–5.47 kcal/K mol. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to fit the equilibrium data and the effect of pH, temperature and ionic strength were studied. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) ranged from 0.743 to 1.422 mg/g for temperature between 4 and 40 °C under a condition of pH 2.0. The studies conducted show the process of Cr(VI) removal to be spontaneous at high temperature and endothermic in nature. From the waste utilization and environment point of view, the work carried out is important and useful. Results obtained can serve as baseline data for designing a treatment process using this low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater rich in Cr(VI).