A Solution to the Aral Sea Crisis? Sustainable Water Use in Central Asia

The Aral Sea is perhaps the most well known of environmental disasters which has resulted from non-sustainable development. As the sea continues to decline, a search is maintained for a means of achieving sustainability within the context of national economies which are new and fragile, and where international tensions over water are a major factor in the Central Asian political picture. Using the Karakum Main Canal of Turkmenistan as an example of the Aral Sea irrigation projects which commenced during the 1950s, the paper explores the effects of non-sustainability and poor water management with the luxury of hindsight in order to draw lessons for the future. It presents the proposals aimed at future sustainability for the Karakum Canal and explores whether achieving sustainability is now possible and practical in the current regional and global political atmosphere.     

Causes and Consequences? Exploring the Shape and Direction of the Housing System in the UK Post the Financial Crisis

The impacts of the global financial crisis continue to reverberate around the world. This paper explores its impacts in the UK in general and England in particular in relation to the housing market and housing policy. It examines the underlying trends which were already in place before the financial crisis and the impact of the crisis and the government's policy responses on the housing and mortgage markets. The paper argues that the crisis mainly exacerbated already long established tensions while the current policy solutions have ameliorated, but not fully, resolved these pressures.     

Poetic Dwelling in the Repressive Urban Space——A Spatial Narratological Study of the Existential Crisis in J. D. Salinger's “The Young Folks”,The Catcher in the Rye and Franny and Zooey

<正>In the 1950s and early 1960s,the American society took on an air of unprecedented material prosperity.However,the flourishing economy failed to provide people with the spiritual content they expected to come with it.The inanition in the spiritual world and the affluence in the material world created a sharp contrast which led to a growing sense of anxiety and dissatisfaction.As a result,"many Americans reacted to these developments with ambivalence,even hostility."(Brinkley 1999: