FACTORS IN COLLEGE ATTENDANCE.

PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO IDENTIFY FACTORS, OBTAINED FROM A SELF-REPORT INVENTORY, DETERMINING THE DECISION TO ATTEND COLLEGE. 214 MALE AND 306 FEMALE STUDENTS FROM THE STATE UNIVERSITY COMPLETED A 78-ITEM INVENTORY, REASONS FOR GOING TO COLLEGE, AS FRESHMEN AND AGAIN AS SENIORS. ANALYSES AND MATCHING PROCEDURES YIELDED 13 MAJOR FACTORS: SOCIAL REASON, CONFORMITY, CURIOSITY, VOCATIONAL REASON, ACADEMIC VALUE, MATERIAL VALUE, ALTRUISTIC VALUE, SCHOOL INFLUENCE, EXPERIENCE, AVOCATIONAL INFLUENCE, SCIENCE INTEREST, HUMANITIES INTEREST, AND VERBAL INTEREST. ADDITIONAL FACTOR ANALYSES OF A DISMISSED COLLEGE GROUP AND 3 DIVERSE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SAMPLES SUGGESTED THAT THESE MAJOR FACTORS HAD CONSIDERABLE GENERALITY. IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL DECISION MAKING AND FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ARE CONSIDERED. (19 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES.

DESCRIBES THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES. ITEMS WERE WRITTEN ASKING FOR REPORTS OF VERIFIABLE BEHAVIOR OR BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WHICH REFLECTED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY. AFTER PRELIMINARY CLARIFICATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE ITEMS, THOSE 20 ITEMS WHICH WITHSTOOD AN INTERNAL CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS WERE LABELED THE B-III SCALE. THE SCALE WAS VALIDATED BY DEMONSTRATING THAT HIGH AND LOW B-III SCORERS DIFFERED IN THE ANTICIPATED MANNER ON THE MMPI. IN ADDITION, SOCIALLY COMPETENT FRATERNITY MEMBERS SCORED HIGHER THAN SOCIALLY INCOMPETENT MEMBERS, WHO SCORED HIGHER THAN A CLASSROOM NORMATIVE SAMPLE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPES AND SELF-CONCEPTS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS.

EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-CONCEPT TO DIFFERENTIALLY VALUED SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPES. ON A QUESTIONNAIRE CONSISTING OF 122 BIPOLAR ITEMS, 74 MALE AND 80 FEMALE STUDENTS INDICATED WHAT TYPICAL ADULT MALES, FEMALES, AND THEY, THEMSELVES, WERE LIKE. RESULTS INDICATE (1) STRONG AGREEMENT BETWEEN SEXES ABOUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN, (2) SIMILAR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SELF-CONCEPTS OF THE SEXES, AND (3) MORE FREQUENT HIGH VALUATION OF STEREOTYPICALLY MASCULINE THAN FEMININE CHARACTERISTICS IN BOTH SEXES. CONTRARY TO EXPECTATIONS, DIFFERENTIATIONS BETWEEN SELF-CONSEPTS AND STEREOTYPIC CONCEPTS OF MASCULINITY AND FEMININITY, AS A FUNCTION OF SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, WERE NOT FOUND. (25 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RORSCHACH IN RELATION TO OUTCOME IN PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS.

FOCUSES ON RORSCHACH FACTORS RELATED TO OUTCOME AND DURATION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH 50 MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS. SPECIFIC RORSCHACH SIGNS BASED ON PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND THE KLOPFER RORSCHACH PROGNOSTIC RATING SCALE DID NOT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE OUTCOME OR DURATION GROUPS. A DISCRIMINANT-FUNCTION APPROACH USING TOTAL K, M, AND R WAS THE MOST PRODUCTIVE, WITH SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NO CHANGE GROUP AND BOTH CHANGE (P     

DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR IN AN INTERPERSONAL SITUATION.

SS WERE EXPOSED TO A TAPE-RECORDED VERBAL ATTACK FROM A FICTITIOUS S IN THE LAST OF A SERIES OF DISCUSSION ROUNDS. A 2ND FICTITIOUS S WAS NONATTACKING. PREVIOUSLY, SS HAD BEEN EITHER (1) ASSIGNED TO WORK WITH THE ATTACKER ON A POSTDISCUSSION PROBLEM-SOLVING TASK, (2) ASSIGNED TO WORK WITH THE NONATTACKER, OR (3) GIVEN THEIR CHOICE OF PARTNER. THE 1ST GROUP SHOWED THE LEAST DROP IN EVALUATIVE RATINGS OF THE ATTACKER. THIS FINDING SUPPORTS A FUNCTIONAL DEFENSE HYPOTHESIS WHICH PREDICTS THAT SS WITHOUT AN AVAILABLE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE WILL PERCEIVE AN ATTACKER MORE FAVORABLY THAN WILL SS WHO HAVE AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE. NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND THAT SS CLASSIFIED AS REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS CONSISTENTLY DIFFERED IN THEIR RATINGS. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AN EMERGING SCIENTIST-PROFESSIONAL ROLE IN PSYCHOLOGY.

PRESENTS A HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE ROLES PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE ASSUMED, OR HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED, AS A USEFUL PERSPECTIVE FROM WHICH TO UNDERSTAND THE RESPONSE OF PSYCHOLOGISTS TO THE UNPRECEDENTED DEMANDS OF TODAY FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS. DETERMINANTS OF DISTINCTIVE ROLE STATUS ARE NOTED, E.G., CONCEPTUAL ORIENTATION, METHODOLOGY OR TECHNIQUE, PROBLEM AREA, OR EMBODIMENT OF A ROLE AS THE GOAL OF A TRAINING PROGRAM. PRESENT CHANGES IN GRADUATE TRAINING PROGRAMS FORESHADOW NEW ROLES FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS AS PROBLEM SOLVERS TRAINED TO CONCEPTUALIZE PROBLEMS AT LEVELS REACHING FROM THE INDIVIDUAL TO THAT OF SOCIETY, AND TO APPLY HIS CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES TO A VARIETY OF PROBLEMS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES OF THE SVIB FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN FIVE COLLEGE CURRICULA.

MULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT-FUNCTION ANALYSIS DISCLOSED THAT GROUPS OF STUDENTS MAJORING IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, PHYSICAL THERAPY, MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY, NURSING, AND EDUCATION COULD BE SUCCESSFULLY DISTINGUISHED FROM EACH OTHER, ON THE BASIS OF 29 SCALES OF THE SVIB FOR WOMEN. FURTHERMORE, 2 DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES USING 11 SCALES ALSO INDICATED SUCCESSFUL DISCRIMINATION. 2 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS WERE SIGNIFICANT IN EACH ANALYSIS AND THE CONFIGURATION OF THE GROUPS IN THE DISCRIMINANT SPACE AND THE EFFICIENCY OF CLASSIFICATION FOR ALL ANALYSES WERE HIGHLY SIMILAR. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE SVIB SHOULD BE A USEFUL INSTRUMENT FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN COLLEGE MAJORS WHEN UTILIZING DISCRIMINANT-FUNCTION ANALYSIS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

参考咨询发展的十大趋势

通过分析网络环境下参考咨询服务的组织方式、服务内容、服务手段等变化的新动向，指出图书馆参考咨询服务发展将出现的十大趋势。     

VOLUNTEER AND NONVOLUNTEER CHARACTERISTICS IN AN OUTPATIENT POPULATION.

REPORTS DATA ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLUNTEERS AND NONVOLUNTEERS AMONG A GROUP OF 49 PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS. NONVOLUNTEER PATIENTS INCLUDED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER NUMBER OF SCHIZOPHRENICS AND BORDERLINE SCHIZOPHRENICS WHILE VOLUNTEER PATIENTS TENDED TO BE MORE EGO INVOLVED IN PSYCHOTHERAPY. NO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND ON OCCUPATIONAL STATUS, INCOME, OR EDUCATION. MMPI SCALE SCORE DIFFERENCES, WHILE NOT SIGNIFICANT, WERE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS FROM THOSE USUALLY OBSERVED IN NORMALS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTAL ILLNESS AMONG TWO GROUPS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL SETTING.

COMPARED THE ATTITUDES OF FEMALES FROM A 4-YR COLLEGE WHO VOLUNTEERED FOR COMPANION THERAPY PROGRAMS (INVOLVING A 1:1 OR SMALL GROUP CONTACT WITH PATIENTS) AND 14 JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO VOLUNTEERED FOR RECREATIONAL THERAPY. AS PREDICTED, SS IN THE COMPANION GROUP WERE LESS CUSTODIAL IN THEIR ORIGINAL ATTITUDES AND THEIR VIEWS BECAME MORE HUMANISTIC AFTER ACTUAL PARTICIPATION. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE 2 PROGRAMS ATTRACT VOLUNTEERS WITH DIFFERENT ATTITUDES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVIEWER INTERVENTIONS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL INTERVIEW.

EXPLORED THE EFFECTS OF 3 DIFFERENT E INTERVENTIONS ON THE CONDITIONING OF SS' VERBAL BEHAVIOR IN AN INTERVIEW, DIVIDED INTO 2 10-MIN PERIODS: OPERANT LEVEL AND ACQUISITION. DURING THE 2ND PERIOD E RESPONDED TO SS' POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SELF-REFERENCES WITH EITHER APPROVAL-SUPPORTIVE, REFLECTION-RESTATEMENT, OR OPEN DISCLOSURE STATEMENTS. THE 3 TYPES OF E RESPONSES WERE FOUND TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EFFECTIVE IN INFLUENCING SS' SELF-REFERENCES: (1) APPROVAL-SUPPORTIVE STATEMENTS WERE INEFFECTIVE, (2) THE REFLECTION TECHNIQUE WAS EFFECTIVE ONLY WITH NEGATIVE SELF-REFERENCES, AND (3) OPEN DISCLOSURE BY E WAS EFFECTIVE WITH BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SELF-REFERENCES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO CRITERION SPECIFICATION IN GENERAL BUSINESS.

SOUGHT TO DISCOVER SPECIFIC BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO JUDGMENTS OF SUCCESS IN GENERAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES. SUPERVISORY RATINGS OF 23 SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND OF 2 OVERALL MEASURES OF SUCCESS WERE OBTAINED FOR 230 UNIVERSITY OF IOWA GRADUATES EMPLOYED IN NONSPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF BUSINESS. ALL SS HAD BEEN OUT OF COLLEGE FOR 5-10 YR. MULTIPLE-REGRESSION ANALYSES SHOWED THAT 13 OF THESE RATINGS WERE SUFFICIENT TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ENTIRE SET OF VARIANCES AND COVARIANCES; 8 OF THESE 13 RATINGS MADE INDEPENDENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PREDICTION OF OVERALL RATINGS AND WERE THUS CONSIDERED TO BE ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS IN GENERAL BUSINESS. IMPLICATIONS ARE DRAWN FOR JOB RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, GUIDANCE, AND TRAINING. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AN EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE IN LEARNING A MOTOR SKILL.

STUDIED THE VALUE OF MANUAL GUIDANCE IN LEARNING A PURSUIT TRACKING TASK. 1 S IN EACH GROUP OF 3 TRACKED THE TARGET FOR A TOTAL OF 48 MIN. AT A MASTER TRACKING CONSOLE. A 2ND S OPERATED AT A SLAVED TRACKING CONSOLE WHICH PRECISELY DUPLICATED THE MOVEMENTS OF THE TARGET, CURSOR, AND JOYSTICK AT THE MASTER CONSOLE. THE 2ND S WATCHED THE TARGET AND CURSOR MOVEMENT WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY GRASPING THE SLAVED JOYSTICK. THE 3RD S SIMPLY WATCHED THE TRACKING ACTIVITY AT THE MASTER CONSOLE FOR 48 MIN. 6 WK. LATER, ALL SS WERE TESTED FOR RETENTION OF SKILL. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT IN ACQUIRING A CONTINUOUS ADJUSTIVE SKILL OF THE TYPE EMPLOYED, GUIDANCE AIDS SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE IN INITIAL TRIALS, BUT HAS NO EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE AS THE SKILL IMPROVES, AND HAS AN ADVERSE EFFECT WHEN THE SKILL IS TESTED FOR RETENTION 6 WK. LATER. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN MMPI EGO STRENGTH: AN ARTIFACT.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE LOWER EGO STRENGTH (ES) SCORES OF WOMEN WERE NOT A FUNCTION OF A GENERAL TENDENCY FOR WOMEN TO ADMIT TO MORE PATHOLOGY THAN MEN BUT RATHER WERE DUE TO A NUMBER OF ITEMS ON THE SCALE WHICH SEEMED TO MEASURE SEX-ROLE IDENTIFICATION. AN ITEM ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT THE ES DIFFERENCES WERE A FUNCTION OF A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ITEMS WHICH IN MOST CASES WERE RELATED TO SEX ROLE. ES SCORES SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED SPEED OF RESPONSE TO PSYCHOTHERAPY. WHEN THE TESTS WERE RESCORED WITHOUT THE ITEMS TO WHICH MEN AND WOMEN HAD RESPONDED DIFFERENTIALLY, THE MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN ES WERE CANCELED OUT, BUT THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF ES IN REGARD TO PSYCHOTHERAPY WAS NOT AFFECTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VALIDITY OF THE JOB-CONCEPT INTERVIEW IN AN INDUSTRIAL SETTING.

INTERVIEWS BY PSYCHOLOGISTS WERE USED TO PREDICT EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND JOB PERFORMANCE. CORRELATIONS WERE COMPUTED BETWEEN THE PSYCHOLOGIST'S PREDICTIONS, EMPLOYEE RATINGS OF THEIR JOB ATTITUDES, AND SUPERVISOR RATINGS OF EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE. THE PSYCHOLOGISTS WERE MOST ACCURATE IN PREDICTING EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES TOWARD ADVANCEMENT AND GENERAL MORALE, BUT LEAST ACCURATE IN PREDICTING EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES TOWARD SUPERVISION AND REWARDS. THEY WERE UNABLE TO PREDICT EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AS RATED BY THE SUPERVISORS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING IN AN INDUSTRIAL SAMPLE.

ANALYZED THE QUALITY OF SOLUTIONS TO N. R. MAIER'S CHANGE OF WORK PROCEDURE PROBLEM UNDER 3 CONDITIONS WITH 80 2ND AND 3RD LEVEL MANAGERS FROM A LARGE PUBLIC UTILITY: (1) INDIVIDUAL SOLUTIONS, (2) INDIVIDUAL SOLUTIONS AFTER HEARING GROUP DISCUSSION WITHOUT CRITICISM, AND (3) GROUP SOLUTION AFTER DISCUSSION. MOTIVATIONAL (BASS' ORIENTATION INVENTORY) AND BIOGRAPHICAL CORRELATES OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR WERE ALSO EXAMINED. GROUP DISCUSSION DID NOT IMPROVE INDIVIDUAL PROBLEM-SOLVING EFFORTS; GROUP SOLUTIONS TENDED TO BE OF SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER QUALITY. THERE ALSO TENDED TO BE A NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN SOLUTION QUALITY AND ORIENTATION TOWARD MAINTAINING GROUP INTERACTION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APPLICATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING THEORY IN COLLEGE ORAL ENGLISH TEACHING

The problem presented in this paper was identify cooperative learning is an effective teaching method for oral English teaching.Application of cooperative learning theory can change teaching model of traditional class,stimulate students' motive to study actively,and train students' mutual aid and cooperative spirit.After the analyze of the actuality of oral English learning,a brief review of literature on the basic principle of cooperative learning was conducted.A third review of literature relating to implementation of cooperative learning in oral English class,and combining with the team making,patterns of cooperative learning,content of Cooperative Learning and teacher's role.Through a review of literature,it becomes evident that there are many advantages of using cooperative learning method in oral English teaching.Challenges and conflicts of cooperative learning are mentioned in practical teaching situations.     

网络时代高校图书馆采访工作新探

采访工作是高校图书馆做好各项服务工作的源头，也是做好各项服务工作的基础。随着网络时代的到来，图书馆采访工作的理念、内容、方式、方法等都发生了很大的变化，图书馆采访人员应与时俱进，及时修改采访原则、采访计划，提高业务水准，拓宽采访渠道，做好采访工作。     

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN MMPI SCALE OF ASSAULTIVENESS IN OVERCONTROLLED INDIVIDUALS.

REPORTS THE DERIVATION, STANDARDIZATION, AND CROSS-VALIDATION OF AN MMPI SCALE, O-H (OVERCONTROLLED HOSTILITY), WHICH DISCRIMINATES OVERCONTROLLED FROM UNDERCONTROLLED ASSAULTIVE CRIMINALS, NONVIOLENT CRIMINALS, AND NORMALS. SEVERAL CONSTRUCT VALIDITY STUDIES ARE PRESENTED WHICH INDICATE THAT THE SCALE IS SENSITIVE TO A MIXTURE OF SELF-CONTROL, HOSTILITY, AND ALIENATION. THE DATA ARE INTERPRETED AS SUPPORTING THE THEORY THAT ASSAULTIVE CRIMINALS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO OVERCONTROLLED AND UNDERCONTROLLED TYPES. THE USEFULNESS OF O-H IN CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND IN PERSONALITY RESEARCH IS DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)