固溶处理对热等静压SAF3207的组织与性能影响

采用热等静压方法对特超级双相不锈钢SAF3207粉末致密化,然后对致密体进行了固溶处理,研究了固溶温度对致密体的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度从1120℃到1180℃,σ相消失,铁素体含量增加,奥氏体含量减少;强度和硬度均表现出先降低后升高的趋势;延伸率和冲击韧性表现出先升高后降低的趋势。1150℃固溶处理时,可使两相比例接近1:1,抗拉强度为861.9 MPa,硬度为HRC 27.7,延伸率高达43.0%,冲击功为23.2 J。     

固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750组织和性能的影响

研究了950～1 200℃60 min水冷的固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750(/%:0.02C、0.49Si、1.03Mn、0.026S、0.001P、25.01 Cr、7.03Ni、3.80Mo、0.29N)12 mm板的组织、力学性能和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随固溶温度升高,钢中铁素体相增加,奥氏体相减少;在950℃加热时铁素体中析出大量σ-相,使钢的性能恶化,在1 050～1 100℃固溶处理后,钢中铁素体相和奥氏体相各占50%, S32750钢具有较好的综合力学性能和优良的耐蚀性能。     

时效处理对超级双相不锈钢00Cr29Ni6Mo2N组织和耐点蚀性的影响

采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪研究了00Cr29Ni6Mo2N超级双相不锈钢1080 ℃ 30 min固溶+650~1 000℃ 60 min时效后的显微组织。试验结果表明,在奥氏体和铁素体相界面上析出了Cr₂N和σ相两种析出相,同时发现少量的Cr₂N在铁素体相内。Cr₂N析出优先于σ相,增加时效温度和时间对Cr₂N的析岀量没有显著影响,但σ相含量随着时效温度的升高先增加后减少,850 °C时效σ-相面积百分含量最大,达5. 8%,同时在给定时效温度下随时效时间增加σ-相含量增加。Cr₂N和σ相的析出均降低了00Cr29Ni6Mo2N超级双相不锈钢的耐点蚀性能。     

固溶温度对双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3N组织及力学性能的影响

通过00Cr25Ni7Mo3N室温冲击和拉伸试验,并利用金相图像分析,研究不同固溶温度下00Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢的组织及力学性能的变化.在试验条件下,900-980℃固溶温度范围内,在奥氏体与铁素体相界析出大量σ相,导致钢的塑性与韧性显著下降;固溶温度高于1 000℃后,随着固溶温度的升高,σ相渐渐溶解,α...     

固溶温度对2205双相不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和性能测试等方法,研究了固溶温度对2205双相不锈钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1000℃固溶处理后,σ相消除,组织中只有奥氏体和铁素体两相;在950℃-1200℃温度区间,随着固溶温度升高,铁素体含量逐渐增加;材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度先降后升,在1100℃时达到最小值,而延伸率先升后降,在1100℃固溶处理时达到最大值。     

等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢2101析出行为的影响

研究了700~850℃等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢LDX 2101析出行为的影响。研究结果表明经等温时效处理,颗粒状析出物主要在奥氏体和铁素体相界处形核长大,从而恶化材料的冲击韧性。700℃是影响该材料冲击韧性最敏感脆化温度。在700℃等温时效处理120 min后,冲击韧性值降低到33 J,仅为固溶处理后冲击韧性值的31%。经过TEM观察分析,颗粒状析出物主要是Cr2N型氮化物以及少量Cr23C6型碳化物。     

固溶处理对冷等静压成形双相不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响北大核心

将316L和430水雾化不锈钢粉末按照65:35的质量比混合,采用冷等静压-真空烧结工艺制备了双相不锈钢,在1150~1300℃进行固溶处理,每次保温1 h。研究了不同固溶处理温度双相不锈钢显微组织的演变,利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了固溶处理温度对双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶处理温度增加,铁素体含量逐渐增加,奥氏体含量逐渐减少,晶粒逐渐长大;1300℃时,铁素体与奥氏体两相比例为39.1:60.9,此时双相不锈钢具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

固溶处理对00Cr27Ni7Mo5N不锈钢的组织及力学性能的影响

 研究了不同固溶处理温度对特超级双相不锈钢00Cr27Ni7Mo5N组织及力学性能的影响。采用光镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度、冲击和拉伸测试等手段研究σ相的析出规律及其对力学性能的影响。运用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算00Cr27Ni7Mo5N相含量随温度的变化,并与测试结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,当固溶温度在800～1050℃之间,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N有大量金属间化合物σ相析出,导致钢的强度和硬度增加,塑韧性显著下降。当固溶温度在1070～1200℃时,钢中σ相溶解,钢的塑韧性提高,硬度下降。1100℃固溶处理时,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

固溶处理对2205双相不锈钢组织与疲劳裂纹扩展规律的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析和力学性能测试等方法,研究了固溶处理对2205双相不锈钢显微组织与疲劳裂纹扩展规律的影响。结果表明：与原始热轧态相比,在950~1150℃范围固溶处理的试样的疲劳裂纹门槛值显著提高,稳态裂纹扩展速率均有所减小。在950℃固溶处理时,组织中析出少量的σ相,试样的稳态裂纹扩展速率显著降低;随着固溶温度的升高,组织中α相含量逐渐增加,σ相溶解,试样的稳态裂纹扩展速率的变化呈现为先增大后减小的趋势;当固溶温度达到1150℃时,组织中α相含量最高且两相组织明显粗化,试样的稳态裂纹扩展速率达到最小,呈现出最高的抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力。固溶处理引起σ相的析出与溶解、α相含量的增加及组织粗化是引起2205双相不锈钢试样疲劳裂纹扩展性能非单调变化的原因。     

固溶处理对双相不锈钢S32003组织的影响

通过金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察和X射线能谱仪分析,研究了900～1 250℃固溶处理对S32003双相不锈钢组织的影响。结果表明,900℃固溶处理时,钢中有氮化物析出,固溶温度≥950℃时,氮化物全部溶解;随着固溶温度升高,α相含量增加,γ相含量下降。最佳固溶处理温度在1040℃;随着固溶温度的提高,α相和γ相的晶粒尺寸在逐渐增大,1100℃以上晶粒明显长大。     

节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的组织及性能

研究了节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的热轧及固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了其固溶和时效析出后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中形变诱发马氏体相变及其磁性能.结果表明:该不锈钢的固溶组织为单相奥氏体,其力学性能和耐蚀性能均高于SUS304不锈钢;800℃保温4 h后,在晶界析出粒状氮化物,随着保温时间延长,逐渐沿晶界凸起片层状析出物并向晶内生长,保温20 h后,凸出的片层状析出物直径达20μm.冷轧压下率18.3%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,马氏体含量增多,磁导率上升,但与相同条件下的SUS304不锈钢相比,冷轧板固溶后相对磁导率可降至1.002,因此可用于低成本无磁不锈钢领域.      

Chi Phase after Short-term Aging and Corrosion Behavior in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Correlation between pitting corrosion behavior and chi( χ )phase formed after a short-term aging(5,10 and 15 min)at 850 ℃ of 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization tests,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectrum system.Results showed that after aging for 5min,the χ phase initially precipitated at ferrite grain boundaries,developed and then became linked with prolonging aging time.The χ phase was rich in Cr and Mo,resulting in formation of depleted zones nearby.The χ phase could reduce corrosion resistance of DSS and slightly influence its stability,but the specimens still displayed the capacity for repassivation.Some lines of evidence showed that stable pitting corrosion initiated at the boundaries of precipitates.The χ phase was selectively corroded during the first stage of corrosion and then the depleted zones nearby were attacked.In addition,the grain size and volume of precipitates also affected pit nucleation and progress,and suitable size and distribution of χ phase could aggravate pit initiation at precipitate boundaries.The χ phase with considerably low volume fraction and small size was not sensitive position for pit initiation.     

核电站设备制造中双相不锈钢的应用

奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢中稳定存在奥氏体相和铁素体相,该钢具有较高的机械性能和优异的耐点蚀、晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能,在核电站设备制备中被广泛应用。一般双相不锈钢铸件中铁素体相的体积分数≤20%,服役温度≤425℃,双相不锈钢锻件中铁素体相约占50%,服役温度≤250℃。文中介绍了核电站设备中应用的双相不锈钢铸、锻件的化学成分、制造和焊接工艺要求及组织和性能。     

超纯铁素体不锈钢脆性及形成特点对性能的影响

超纯铁素体不锈钢是一种具有良好耐蚀性能、加工性能和焊接性能的材料,主要应用于汽车行业、厨房用具和家用电器以及大型建筑的屋面设计等领域.主要研究超纯铁素体不锈钢脆性形成原因以及对性能的影响,总结了超纯铁素体不锈钢σ相脆性、475℃脆性和高温脆性等主要特征,并对其脆性形成的原因进行了详细分析,认为σ相,x相,α相,Lave...     

冷却速率对2507超级双相不锈钢σ相析出的影响

采用Gleeble 3500-GTC对Φ10 mm 2507超级双相不锈钢(/%:0.017C,6.22Ni, 25.73Cr, 3.39Mo, 0.27N)进行1340℃至室温以冷速1～500℃/min连续冷却实验,并通过EPMA(电子探针)、EBSD(电子背散射衍射)和热力学计算分析冷却速率对超级双相不锈钢σ相析出的影响。结果表明：2507超级双相不锈钢在1℃/min的冷却速率下,组织中存在σ相,σ相的面积百分比为2.67%。当冷却速率≥10℃/min,组织只有奥氏体和铁素体两相组成。热力学计算结果表明,冷却速率越小,σ相析出越容易。     

Influence of Heat Input in Pulsed Current GTAW Process on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel Welds

 The high corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel (DSS) is due to elements such as Cr, Mo and N, but also depends on the microstructure. The best general properties are obtained with approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite and the absence of third phases such as σ (sigma) and Cr2N. In the present work the effect of heat input variations on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of a DSS UNS S32760 in artificial sea water media were studied. The corrosion resistance in 3.5% of NaCl solution was evaluated by potentiostatic polarization tests at room temperature. It is found that the presence of sigma phase and Cr2N decreases the corrosion potential. The specimen with heat input of approximately 0.95 kJ/mm have the best corrosion characteristics, which is the result for the lack of deleterious phases such as sigma and Cr2N and balanced ferrite-austenite proportion.     

钨含量及固溶温度对022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了钨含量及固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能的影响。通过化学浸泡失重法和电化学极化曲线法,测试了超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能,并运用Thermo Calc热力学计算辅助分析。结果表明,固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能影响效果显著,在1 100 ℃时,022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN 的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳;在理想的固溶条件下,钨元素有助于钝化膜的形成,钨含量的增加使得022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN的耐腐蚀性能增强,在钨质量分数为1.5%时,022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN获得最佳耐腐蚀性能,若钨含量继续增加,打破了α和γ两相的平衡,则耐蚀性能降低。     

A New Series of Mo-free 215Cr-35Ni-xW-02N Economical Duplex Stainless Steels

A new series of economical Mo-free duplex stainless steels 21.5Cr-3.5Ni-xW-0.2N(x=1.8-3.0,mass%) have been developed.The effects of W on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated,and the microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction.The designed steels have a balanced ferrite-austenite relation and are free of sigma phase after solution treatment at 750-1 300℃for 30min followed by water-quenching,whereas a small number of Cr23 C6 precipitates were found after solution treatment at 750℃.After solution treatment at 1 050℃,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest room temperature tensile strength due to the strongest work hardening effect, while the steel with 3.0%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest fracture elongation owing to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect.The ductile-brittle transition(DBT)and martensite transformation are respectively found in the ferrite and austenite,which deteriorates the impact properties of the steels with the increase of W content.The corrosion resistance of the designed steels is improved with the increase of W content.The pitting resistance of austenite is obviously better than that of ferrite for the designed alloys.Among the designed steels,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W is found to be an optimum steel with excellent comprehensive properties and lowest production cost.     

Thermal aging effect on 2205 duplex stainless steel

The effect of isothermal aging treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated by means of impact toughness test and micro-hardness measurement in combination with the critical pitting temperature( CPT) technique. The corresponding fractography of the steel was then observed after the impact toughness test. The results demonstrated that,at the critical temperature for precipitation of the sigma( σ) phase,e. g.,850 ℃,the impact toughness decreased rapidly and the micro-hardness increased gradually with increasing aging time. The CPT decreased from 61 to 15 ℃ as the aging time increased from 4 min to 8 h. In addition,optical microscopy,transmission electron microscope( TEM) and X-ray diffraction studies showed that the ferrite in the steel transformed into secondary austenite and σ phase.