铁路建设项目利益相关者关系治理研究

基于利益相关者理论,界定铁路建设项目利益相关者,利用调查问卷搜集数据,运用SPSS软件分析铁路建设项目关键利益相关者;分析铁路建设项目关键利益相关者职能关系;分析利益相关者治理维度,使用Ucinet6软件分析治理关系网络密度、点度中心度及中间中心度,界定治理关系现状问题;提出铁路建设项目利益相关者关系治理策略。     

项目管理信息化框架和模型研究

项目管理信息化是科技进步的要求,更是时代发展的必然趋势。项目管理信息化能够以较少的投入获得较优的效果,全面控制项目管理的全生命周期,对于完善项目管理意义重大。在研究与总结项目管理模式与信息技术应用的基础上,进一步探讨项目管理信息化中的有关问题与切实需求,从而论述项目管理信息化建设的方案模型和积极意义。     

IPD 模式下的工程项目风险控制及其社会网络分析

IPD 模式是一种以信任、协作与集成为思想基础的先进的项目交付模式,其为建设工程项目进行过程中由于各参与方间存在敌对关系而导致的项目风险控制效率较低的问题提供了新的解决思路。提出IPD 模式下的组织体系、操作系统及合同环境是实现有效风险控制的基础、保障与重要条件,厘清了IPD 模式下工程项目风险控制的原理。在理论分析的基础上,利用社会网络分析方法对IPD 模式风险控制系统中的组织体系进行深入研究,结果证明IPD 模式下的组织体系在项目风险控制方面具有显著优势。因此,工程项目参与方应增加彼此间的沟通与交流以进一步提高项目参与者间的信任程度,为工程项目实现高效风险控制提供牢固的组织关系基础。     

大型复杂项目组织研究文献评述:社会学视角

作为一种临时性的组织,大型复杂项目组织具有典型的社会属性,这根源于工程项目的社会性特征。传统的项目管理理论需要借助交叉学科来研究这一问题,社会学理论是其中的一个重要支撑。文章从大型复杂项目组织研究的重要性出发,对该问题进行了文献分析和评述。主要从理论和方法两个方面,包括工程社会学观和哲学观、工程伦理学观以及社会网络学观等,尤其对社会学中社会网络分析（Social Network Analysis,SNA）的应用进行了详细评述。期望对大型复杂项目组织的社会学视角的研究提供研究基础和启示。     

基于SNA 的工程项目社会影响评价研究

大型工程项目建设在促进当地经济发展,提高人民生活水平的同时,也导致征地拆迁、移民、生态破坏等社会问题。以往对于工程项目社会影响评价的研究大多各成体系,无法做到全面综合。通过文献综述对社会影响评价已有成果进行归纳和研究。利用社会网络分析的方法筛选出工程项目社会影响评价的二级和三级指标,并构建社会影响评价指标体系,为工程项目的社会影响评价提供理论参考,并以上海虹桥商务区项目为例对该指标体系的可信度和有效性进行验证。     

Insights into collaboration at the project level: complexity, social interaction and procurement mechanisms

Drawing upon relevant concepts in organizational social theory (becoming ontology and processual view of complexity), and adopting an interpretative approach to studying organizational phenomena, this paper aims to make a contribution to the understanding of social processes in multi-organizational settings defined as 'construction projects'. The study takes a critical view on the claimed advantages of non-conventional, innovative project procurement strategies as integration-enhancing mechanisms at the project level. Taking a swimming pool construction project governed by an innovative procurement procedure known as 'two-stage tender' as a case in point, the paper evaluates the extent to which better project team integration has been achieved in this context. Two major concerns emerged from the case study analysis: (1) two-stage tendering is an incomplete solution to tensions, adversarial culture and a lack of genuine cooperation over time; and (2) there is a need for facilitating mechanisms of a different nature to support and sustain collective situated learning and shared understanding of longer-term benefits of collaborative work. Based on the theoretical considerations and the interpretation of the empirical accounts, the paper proposes and refines a conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of construction projects as social settings. In the light of this framework, alternative concepts and skills for enhanced collaborative interaction among participating parties in this kind of social setting are suggested.     

工程总承包政策对项目采纳的影响研究——基于108 份省域级政策文本

基于政策工具视角,对108份省域级工程总承包政策进行文本分析,将不同维度政策工具与工程总承包项目数量进行相关性分析,探究工程总承包政策对项目采纳的影响。研究发现一级政策工具中需求型政策和环境型政策与项目采纳的相关性较大,次级政策工具中招投标管理、合同管理、模式先行等与项目采纳的相关性较大。在此基础上,提出需求型政策过溢、供给型政策内部结构有待优化等建议,以期为政策制定者和建筑从业者提供系统的信息参考。     

准经营性 PPP 项目融资风险研究

目前,PPP 已成为我国公共服务与基础设施项目的一种主要的投融资模式。PPP 模式下,社会资本需要承担更大的融资义务,承担更大的风险。梳理准经营性 PPP 项目融资的相关概念,利用发放问卷的形式,识别利益相关方和风险因素,对风险因素进行聚类,并利用德尔斐法得出风险因素之间的关系矩阵,揭示准经营性 PPP 融资模式风险之间的关系结构。运用社会网络分析方法,构建网络模型,实现对准经营性 PPP 项目融资风险的定量分析,并得出影响准经营性 PPP 项目融资风险的关键风险因素。     

Analysing construction project coalitions: exploring the application of social network analysis

The construction industry is currently in transition as a result of innovations in procurement and project management approaches, in particular, the utilization of supply chain management, and technology or work clusters in the context of partnering relationships between project coalition actors and the client organization. These new strategies require an analytical method that deals with actor interdependence and provides an appropriate level of detail and quantitative data in relation to the non‐linear, complex, iterative and interactive process that construction projects comprise. The construction project is conceptualized as a number information exchange networks, classified according to the principal project functions and supported by performance incentive and contractual relationship networks. The point centrality of the project actors within these various networks provides quantitative data and graphical representation of the governance of construction projects and the changes brought about by innovations in procurement and project management techniques. Social network analysis (SNA) provides an important new quantitative approach in the comparative analysis of procurement and project management of construction projects. SNA enables traditional project coalition management approaches to be compared with those associated with innovative management approaches. Quantitative analysis relates to the appropriateness and effectiveness of both financial incentives and contractual conditions involved in the governance of construction projects.     

Multiple perspectives on organizing: projects between tyranny and perforation

Consulting engineering companies strive for more innovation and flexibility as a response to the contradictory demands from the organization and an unpredictable business environment. In doing so, knowledge management strategies, project organization and the redesigning of office spaces are employed. A five-year longitudinal set of ethnographic studies uses multidisciplinary perspectives to examine organizational change and development in a consulting engineering firm. The analytic approach encompasses three dimensions: the development of the firm itself, the way in which it organizes its projects and the spatial/community dimension. This enables an understanding of the multiple, often contrasting, organizing dynamics in the organization as well as diverse interests and groups found within this type of organization. It finds that it is not only the clients of the company who rule in a 'project tyranny', but also other organizing dynamics that in contrast 'perforate' the projects and maintain professional communities. The 'tyranny' of projects affects the allocation of resources and the scheduling of work can constrain organizational and other innovations. An attempt to create a new organizational grouping in the studied engineering consultancy to 'perforate' the project-based structure and improve internal interactions within the organization reveals that although spatial integration is obtained, too few resources are allocated to support the change. The implications for other consulting engineering organizations are the need for multiple organizing principles and management to bridge contradictory and competing concerns for skill development, resource alignment and innovation efforts; and a need to focus on soft management practices such as mediation, brokering and coaching.