Joint-free construction in rich concretes

The established approach to construction in mass concrete by reduced cement content cannot now be developed for casting large pours for cement-rich heavily reinforced structural sections. A new approach is needed, says the author, who is chief advisory engineer (Midlands Region) of the UK Cement and Concrete Association, who here gives his personal views based on a special study of site experience in large-pour concreting.     

Refining landscape change models through outlier analysis in the Muskegon watershed of Michigan

Balancing natural resource protection and urban development is of concern to researchers, planners and citizens who are aware of the environmental, social and economic impacts of urban land use. Land-use change models can assist in finding this balance. An objective of this research was to build a better model of land-use change by integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. A modelling approach is presented that combines statistical logistic regression with field-based outlier analysis. To this end, a collaborative effort between researchers, who are adept at building models, and local experts, who better understand the dynamics of landscape change in their communities, was undertaken. The findings indicate that this modelling approach is successful in improving overall model performance, as measured by pseudo r-squared value, and identifying additional drivers of land-use change, namely zoning, soil suitability and distance to highway interchange. Most importantly, this collaborative modelling process, involving researchers and local planners, has practical utility for land-use decision making.     

新型精密进近航道指示方法研究

针对现有目视进近下滑坡度指示系统存在的问题和缺陷，研究了一种新型精密进近航道指示方法。该方法仅用三台灯具，黄、绿、红三种颜色就能为进近中的飞行员提供太高、较高、稍高、正对、稍低、较低、太低七种目视进近坡度指示信号。该方法比现行的进近坡度指示系统更有利于飞行员快速判别和调整飞机的进近姿态，可以显著提高飞机着陆准确率，保证飞机进近和着陆安全。     

Designer's responsibility: methodological and ethical dimensions

A designer is one who designs, where “to design”—from Latin designare—means “to mark out”. Those who design professionally are professional designers who “see and seek value in new designs”. Seeing and seeking might be done in two ways: narrower or broader. According to the approach characteristic for design-methodological reductionism, those things that are designed are considered the designed objects. In this approach, the designer's task is limited to artifacts narrowly understood. Systemic design methodology describes that “what is designed” in terms of an object of design.In the domain of designing, like in any kind of human professional activity, two types of moral dimensions are identified: endo- and egzomorality. The first deals with the moral code of design activity, the second with social responsibility of what is done by professional designers. Both define elements of designer's accountability: first, in respect of truth and honesty in relation to the designer's product—a design, second, in respect to societal benefit and not harm, both in respect to relevancy of what is designed for practical use.Once, producing and teaching good science is the main tasks of scholars, those among the scholars who are involved in design science are responsible not only for producing good design science but also for educating designers as reflective practitioners conscious of what every designer should know about objects of design and ethics related to the profession.     

科学与研究建筑

我们相信只要我们与服务顾问和使用设施的人密切合作，科研综合体项目就可以取得成功。DesingInc在这项研究中处于领先位置。我们与各种学科小组配合，他们了解专业人员的需求并认识到投入成本，质量和供给及其所带来的建筑形式和服务。     

建筑工程中无节奏流水施工的应用研究

在建筑工程中,通常不同的工程项目之间很难组织完全相等的同一个施工过程或者施工段之间的流水节拍。采用科学的方法无节奏流水施工是每一位从事建筑工程领域的工作人员必须面临的课题。通过对位于四川省阿坝州某单位职工宿舍基础工程施工的相关流水参数进行分析,讨论多种情况进行对比研究,剖析组织无节奏流水施工方法的优点,提出组织无节奏流水施工应用展望,总结归纳出在实际建筑工程中组织施工的应用技巧,为广大从事建筑工程领域的工作人员提供一定参考。     

Agreement or alignment? [strategic influencer]

Managers are now expected to work across organisational boundaries, innovating and collaborating with a wider range of colleagues, partners, customers and agencies than ever before. Managers are expected to find common ground and move initiatives forward with colleagues who have quite different agendas, perspective and cultures. In this context, getting new initiatives onto the agenda and influencing the organisation's direction, demands a strategic approach to influencing. Tactical influencing skills are important. However, it is strategic influencing skills that differentiate managers who shape the agenda from those who follow it in complex organisations. It is managers with these skills who are able to take breakthroughs in thinking from concept to implementation, and who are therefore able to have the greatest impact.     

A systematic validation of the Empathic Handover approach guided by five factors that foster empathy in design

Abstract

This study aims at validating the transferability of the Empathic Handover approach, which we originally developed for the co-design process of a dementia simulator. We argue that empathy in design is operationalised using five factors: emotional interest, sensitivity, self-awareness, personal experience, and mixed perspectives. This heuristic proved useful in systematically comparing the empathic capacity of design students using the Empathic Handover and traditional user research approaches. Our comparative study indicates that the Empathic Handover approach enables designers to develop empathy with vulnerable users they did not meet in person (both people with dementia and people who mourn). Additionally, the study enables us to develop an elaborate notion of the working mechanisms of empathy in design as well as practical improvements to the Empathic Handover approach.     

Taking the lead [engineering management]

In engineering organisations where those who are promoted are often those who have shown the best engineering skills, the highly competent engineer is assumed to be able to pick up the necessary people management skills on the job. Unsurprisingly, this approach frequently causes problems. Highly specialist engineering people do not always recognise the needs of management or the needs of organisations.     

Kids in the City: Children's Use and Experiences of Urban Neighbourhoods in Auckland,New Zealand

Cities are largely designed for adults and cars, not children. Auckland City's new ‘children first’ approach signals a shift in policy focus to consider the needs of children. The authors' ‘Kids in the City’ research is helping inform this approach by providing policy-relevant information about children's use and experiences of nine Auckland neighbourhoods, suburban and inner-city, using trip diaries, child-led walk-along interviews and discussion groups. The children were neighbourhood key informants and co-producers of knowledge who reported on their environments, discussed what they liked and disliked, their safety concerns and their limited mobility, and made suggestions for more ‘child-friendly’ neighbourhoods.     

新闰土的故事

文章以URBANUS都市实践提出的未来科技城中心区田园计划为蓝本,以鲁迅小说所塑造的闰土为虚构的该区域的原住民,探讨将农田保留在城市区域中的社会学意义。     

Selling Sex,Mothering and ‘Keeping Well’ in the City: Reflecting on the Everyday Experiences of Cross-Border Migrant Women Who Sell Sex in Johannesburg

In Johannesburg, a city with the largest proportion of South Africa’s migrant population, women who sell sex face multiple vulnerabilities including discrimination, criminalisation, and many levels of violence, directed particularly at non-nationals. Drawing from interviews with non-national or cross-border migrant women who sell sex on a regular basis, this paper explores experiences of selling sex, motherhood and ‘keeping well’ through the lens of the city. Noting that violence against sex workers is often identified at an inter-personal and behavioural level (attacks and abuse from clients, the police and the public), this paper seeks to make more visible the unjust and violent structures and practices of the inner-city, which impact upon and negatively shape the everyday experiences and well-being of migrant women as they sell sex. These include difficulties in accessing basic services such as healthcare and childcare, encountering widespread stigmatisation and the misrepresentation or silencing of certain voices within the sex worker movement. Therefore, questioning the ways in which the city is experienced, and in turn how practices of the city have failed migrant women who sell sex, the paper argues for a broader approach, an approach that recognises the complexities and ambiguities inherent in the lived experiences and multiple identities of migrant women themselves rather than through the frames applied to them whether it be that of sex worker, foreigner or mother.     

A kind of detective story

This appraisal of the diagnostic process is drawn from the long investigatory experience of someone who has now retired from the BRE. Mr Fielding likens the process to a detective story — the crime, the suspects and the dénouement. He cites four cases, not for their complexity but to emphasise that it is the attitude and method of approach which is important — recording, observing and taking nothing on trust or for granted.     

Evaluation of maximum allowable capacity of distributed generations connected to a distribution grid by dual genetic algorithm

This paper proposes a dual genetic algorithm based approach to evaluate the maximum allowable capacity of distributed generations (DGs) connected to a distribution grid. The uncertainties in the existing deterministic approaches for evaluating the steady-state voltage deviation due to distributed generation are discussed as well. Nowadays, deterministic approaches are widely adopted by those who propose the interconnection of DGs. However, the existing deterministic approaches overlook some operation conditions that may give rise to an incorrect result and lead to a wrong decision in practical applications. In this paper, various factors affecting steady-state voltage deviation are discussed first. Then, a maximum allowable DG capacity evaluation approach based on the dual genetic algorithm is proposed. Finally, the uncertainties of the existing deterministic approaches are discussed. It is intended as reference for utility engineers processing DG interconnection applications.     

CONTROLLING GENTRIFICATION: TOWARDS A POLICY OF BALANCED URBAN RENEWAL*

The issues of gentrification and displacement in the resurgent areas of our cities are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the questions of who is affected, in what way and to what degree. Existing local government strategies for controlling gentrification are discussed and compared with a new approach: the Neighborhood Tied Benefits Program. This program is proposed as a way to help capture some of the economic investment resulting from gentrification and to utilize it to protect other areas threatened by displacement. A specific methodology for carrying out the policy is discussed.     

The Generic City and its Origins

Bill Hillier , who is now Professor of Architectural and Urban Morphology at the University of London and Director of the Space Syntax Laboratory at University College London (UCL), is well known for establishing the space syntax approach in the 1970s. Here he explores the origins of the generic city, revealing how the economic and social factors that shape cities manifest themselves in a common pattern of a network of streets, which are further analysed by mapping through movement with the aid of ‘space syntax’.     

Institutional challenges for integrated river basin management in Langat River Basin,Malaysia

This paper reports on a study of the institutional challenges and factors affecting policy processes and outcomes of integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Langat River Basin (LRB), Malaysia. A case study approach using institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework was used, and field observations and interviews with local stakeholders of LRB were carried out. The study revealed that polycentric institutional arrangements under the Federal administration are likely capable of coordinating and integrating river basin management by extending the scope of an iterative learning through participation of individual stakeholder at the lowest appropriate level. There should also be an iterative learning mechanism within the interorganizational network for IRBM in LRB. This learning approach is conceptualized as social learning and accordingly a framework is recommended for LRB. The findings of this study would be useful to those who are concerned with successful IRBM implementation in LRB and elsewhere.     

Carrots or the stick?

Abstract

Anglo-Australian ‘statutory’ planning has been criticised for being negative and restrictive, whereas North American development control is characterised by an incentive approach and, in particular, by the use of bonus systems. The paper reviews bonuses, transferable development rights and development contributions, and the limited recourse to incentive devices to date in Australia. The authors invite responses from planners who have participated in their implementation.     

An historico-geographical theory of urban form

ABSTRACT

Urban morphology is the study of the physical form of cities and of the agents and processes shaping its transformation over time. One of the most prominent approaches in the urban morphological debate is the historico-geographical approach. While the core of this approach is based on the seminal work that MRG Conzen developed after the late 1950s, it was JWR Whitehand who, mainly after the late 1970s, started structuring an innovative school of urban morphological thought grounded on that invaluable basis. Over the last decades, Whitehand has been a key contributor to the definition of urban morphology as a field of knowledge and, within it, to the establishment of the historico-geographical approach, proposing and refining a number of morphological theories, concepts and methods.     

Home Dissolution: What Happens After Separation?

Building a home and creating a family are highly interconnected processes. So what happens to the home when people separate or divorce? This paper addresses this question using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. Based on an extensive database with socio-economic background data of 42 000 separated Danish couples in 2002, the housing careers of both partners were followed to see how the housing situation of different types of people was affected by the separation. In the qualitative approach, nine interviews with couples who had parted shed light on the emotions and practical problems of dissolving a home: how to decide who should stay? Who should move? What was it like to stay alone in, or to leave, the matrimonial home?