Instantaneous lighting quality within higher educational classrooms in Singapore

This paper presents a field study that explores lighting qualities within higher educational classrooms in Singapore. Eight classrooms of three types—computer labs, collaborative learning spaces and lecture halls—are studied. Lighting simulation models are calibrated and validated by measurements taken onsite and utilized to generate both instantaneous and annual physical lighting data. A questionnaire survey is distributed to 333 participants to gather subjective responses to current lighting perception. The results show that electrically lit lecture halls present more uniform distributions of lighting environments, while daylit computer labs and daylit collaborative learning spaces present relatively lower daylighting conditions. For daylit computer labs, horizontal illuminance is an effective predictor in terms of controlling lighting levels; For electrically lit lecture halls, the mean luminance of the horizontal 40° band is an effective predictor in terms of subjective lighting comfort.     

凉山彝族民居中独特的采光设计

对凉山彝族民居建筑中采光形式内容的介绍,针对凉山彝居中采光口的布局、结构、代表的民族文化深层意义等方面进行浅显的探讨,对其建筑采光所反应的技术与民族文化传统之间的关系作进一步的分析,高度评价凉山彝族民居独特的采光技术所产生的建筑室内光环境。     

谈谈走廊和楼梯间的照明设计

以工程设计中常用的布灯方式为例,采用点照度计算法详细计算了走廊和楼梯间正常照明和应急照明的照度。结果表明,工程设计中广泛采用的照明设计方式不能满足现行规范对走廊和楼梯间的照度要求,应急照明的照度也不能满足有关强制性条文的要求。     

大空间办公区域照明节能技术探讨

结合工程案例,分析照明节能设计中影响照明能耗的因素,以及照度指标和节能的关系,探讨大空间办公区域照明节能技术的应用及需要解决的关键问题。     

照明设计——实践与发现：走进照明教育

光与照明是城市与建筑设计中的一个重要方面，而照明教育则担负着专业知识普及和提高的职责，文中介绍了国际照明教育的万法和途径，并指出了目前照明领域的热点问题，最后介绍了同济大学开展照明教学的思路和成果。     

小议城市绿色照明规划设计

节能环保与文化特色保护是当前城市可持续发展的两大主题,实施绿色照明工程是保障城市可持续发展的重要条件之一。针对一些照明工程中忽视用电能耗和城市经济承载力,设计手法雷同造成城市特色危机,而绿色照明工程又缺乏对城市整体照明关注的现状,提出了城市照明规划的绿色观。指出只有综合考虑节能环保、经济可行性和文化特色的城市绿色照明规划设计才能保证城市的可持续发展。     

城市商业综合体夜景照明设计分析与研究——以龙湖时代天街为例

城市夜景照明不仅可以为人们营造一个良好的夜景光环境,而且对经济繁荣,树立和展现一个城市的夜间形象,渲染城市文化氛围等具有十分重要的意义。随着照明科学技术的发展,城市夜景照明设计与研究取得突出成绩,但对于城市商业综合体建筑夜景的照明设计,目前还没有比较系统化的原则和方法可供遵循。该文以重庆龙湖时代天街为例,对城市商业综合体建筑的室外夜景和室内商业空间照明设计进行分析和研究,系统地总结了城市商业综合体照明设计的主要方法,为今后的城市商业综合体照明设计工作及城市照明建设提供参考。     

铁路客站照明节能设计的研究

铁路客站照明设计应将节能放在重要位置．通过合理确定照度标准和LPD值,选择节能光源和灯具,充分利用天然采光,运用智能照明控制系统．达到照明设计的节能与功能性、美观性的统一。     

重庆公共建筑照明节能改造适宜技术研究及应用

建筑照明用电是建筑能耗的重要组成部分,该文针对建筑照明系统能效较低的特点,集成采用高效光源和灯具、智能控制方式等节能改造适宜技术,并将适宜技术在重庆市某办公建筑进行应用,照明节能率超过20%,实现建筑节能目标。     

教学环境室内照明设计新探

不同灯光系统综合设计的尝试,是提高传统教学环境中照明设计的创新之路。利用综合灯光系统的设计,可以向使用者展示不同的照明环境和所需技术的关系。这个综合照明系统包括直接照明、间接照明、混合照明、墙壁照明和剧院效果的天花照明。该文详细论述了各种照明系统设计的技术说明以及对于空间的表现效果等。     

Development of an optimal daylighting controller

A new lighting and daylighting control strategy is modeled and evaluated against conventional lighting and daylighting controls. The new lighting and daylighting control strategy can be incorporated in an energy management and control system (EMCS) to operate and control lighting fixtures in any indoor space. The new daylighting control can also be modeled and integrated in detailed building energy simulation tools. Through a validation analysis, it was found that the new control strategy provides more energy savings than conventional daylighting controls. Moreover, the validation analysis has indicated that existing daylighting control simulation analysis tools could overestimate lighting energy savings associated with daylighting controls. Moreover, it was also found that if calculated solar and illuminance data are used instead of measured solar radiation data, the errors in predicting lighting energy use when daylighting controls are utilized can be significant.     

办公建筑照明能效分析及节能建议

照明节能是建筑节能的重要组成部分。通过对一栋办公建筑照明系统详尽的调查和测试,按照各类照明耗电量计算方法,得到该大楼不同时段和不同区域的照明分项能耗,分析办公建筑照明能耗的特点。根据各区域的照度、照明系统的实时功率和有关区域面积等数据,计算得到办公室、会议室和营业厅等区域的照明功率密度,据此评价了该建筑的照明能效水平。最后提出了办公建筑照明系统的节能建议,为福建省办公建筑的照明系统能效评价提供了计算和分析方法。     

Impacts of building operational schedules and occupants on the lighting energy consumption patterns of an office space

This paper considers pre-retrofit and post-retrofit lighting energy end-use of two sub-metered office spaces. Building lighting retrofits are typically installed to reduce energy consumption and operational costs of buildings. This traditionally includes replacing lights and introducing Building Management System (BMS). Through this process, an occupant’s ability to override new computerized controls could be compromised, which can dramatically affect the overall success of the project. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the effectiveness of the lighting retrofit, influence of the BMS upgrade, occupant behavior, and the lessons learned. The analysis comprises three different phases including one pre-retrofit and two post-retrofit phases. Each of the retrofit phases lasted approximately one year, leading to the monitoring of three years of sub-metered lighting energy end-use. The results showed that when the occupants had access to the lighting switches while BMS managed the operational lighting schedule, the office area with the responsible occupant saved 23.2% compared to the pre-retrofit phase. For the second lighting retrofit phase when the occupants did not have access to the light switches, the lighting schedule operated for more than two hours after the typical work day and the occupant was not able to turn off the lights upon departure. It should be noted that there are limited numbers of studies that consider three years sub-metered lighting retrofit data with the presented granularities in this study. Similar lighting retrofit projects could benefit from the findings of this study. Finally, the results of this sub-metered lighting data could address uncertainty in the selection of lighting power density and associated schedules of building energy simulations.     

关于施工现场临时用电线路安全性和隐蔽性分析

施工现场临时照明主用包括地下室临时照明,楼梯通道照明,还有其他光线不足的地方的照明。地下室临时照明是为了施工照明,如地下室地下室砌砖施工需要照明,其中也包括地下室通道疏散照明。楼梯通道照明主要是疏散照明。施工现场照明首先考虑的是用电安全,其次是达到照明要求,进而达到安全文明施工的美观要求。本文以平潭金井湾商务营运中心二标项目为例进行说明施工现场临时照明线路安全性和隐蔽性分析。     

数字城市照明设计方法研究

介绍了一种数字城市照明设计方法。它是数字城市在照明工程中的具体应用。也是一种数字城市照明效果定量化、动态可视化的设计方法。建议了一种新颖的场景仿真方法，即通过已标定好的数码相机拍摄场蒂后，提取光度和色度信息，对城市照明设计的效果进行仿真，显示被研究场景的现在、将来的照明效果，从而可以进一步优化城市照明设计方案，达到节能和美化城市夜景的目的。     

浅谈LED景观照明智能控制及应用

以无锡广南立交的LED景观照明智能控制技术为例,介绍了LED景观照明智能控制系统的设计及其控制技术。     

关于照明设计中几个问题的思考

对在照明设计过程中所出现的问题进行了分析,提出必须建立规范的设计程序;严格按《建筑照明设计标准》进行施工图审查;工程监理和工程验收是确保建筑照明设计标准节能指标实施的重要环节.建议推广专业照明设计软件的应用,便于计算各照明指标,以使照明设计符合建筑照明设计标准.     

Smart lighting system using ANN-IMC for personalized lighting control and daylight harvesting

Lighting contributes a significant portion to the overall energy consumption in an office building. It is thus important to reduce the energy consumption of lighting systems especially for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB). Maximizing daylight harvesting can significantly increase the energy savings. With increase in demand for satisfying occupant preferences in visual comfort,the need for personalized lighting in the office space is also rising. In this paper,a novel lighting control system for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB) is proposed which models the lighting system using Artificial Neural Netw ork( ANN) and utili-zes this model with the Internal Model Control( IMC) principle for controller design. Modeling the lighting system using ANN reduces the challenge of modeling a large and complex system with inherent process variability without the need to analyze extensive data-sets. The proposed ANN-IMC controller uses feedback from sensors on the task table to maintain desired illuminance,is easy to tune with just one parameter and is robust to process variability. The proposed control design is applicable to square systems where the number of lights and number of sensors are equal. How ever,the proposed architecture can also be extended for controlling other lighting accessories such as roller blinds. The performance of the proposed lighting control system to harvest the daylight effectively is demonstrated using both simulation results and an experimental setup in test-bed environment. The versatility of the proposed system will allow an operator to deploy personalized lighting in an office space.     

电梯井道照明设计探讨

在简单介绍现行规范对井道照明要求的基础上,分析了井道照明电压、照明光源及其局部变压器出线的选择,总结出一般井道照明适用的电路图,并给出了设计示例,以供参考。     

智能照明系统节能分析及设计

智能照明系统在满足照明质量的前提下,具有良好的节能效果。以CAN总线为基础设计的智能照明系统为例,不仅减少了不必要的人为浪费,而且为人们提供了舒适的照明环境,节电率达到20%。