Construction safety issues in Gaza Strip

Safety is considered a critical problem in developed and developing countries. The author examines the causes of accidents on building sites and the safety procedures used by local contractors in Gaza Strip. A wide range of recommendations are necessary if hazards are to be eliminated and accidents reduced. Recommendations include a suitable training programme, supervisory methods for product quality and working conditions on site, improved working conditions, a safety regulatory framework including a safety institution, standards, and penalties. La securite est consideree comme un probleme critique dans les pays industrialises et dans les pays en developpement. L'auteur examine les causes des accidents sur les chantiers de construction dans la Bande de Gaza ainsi que les procedures de securite appliquees par les entreprises locales. Pour eliminer les dangers et reduire le nombre d'accidents, il conviendrait de formuler de nombreuses recommandations portant, notamment, sur un programme de formation approprie, des methodes de suivi de la "qualito produits" et de supervision des conditions de travail sur les chantiers. Il faudrait d'ailleurs ameliorer ces conditions et definir un cadre de reglementation en matiere de securite comprenant, entre autres, la creation d'un institut de la securite, l'elaboration de normes et la mise en place d'un mecanisme de penalites.     

Training for Palestinian engineers to face the challenges of multinational enterprises in the Gaza Strip

Continuing education and training is a normal part of all engineers' professional responsibility and despite the relatively high number of Palestinian universities (six in the West Bank, including an Open University and two in the Gaza Strip) there is an awareness that, in this special situation, training should be considered as a part of the implementation strategy and a national training institute should take responsibility for such work, preferably with feasibility studies to determine real needs and aims for further professional engineering training.     

Weathering of building stones and its relationship to the sustainable management of the aggregate resources in Gaza Strip,Palestine

In the last decade, the Gaza Strip witnessed a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of building construction associated with the political development in the aftermath of Oslo Agreement. Towers (buildings composed of more than five floors) were, for the first time being built in the region in its modern history. Environmental conditions have deteriorating weathering impacts on the buildings of about 40 years old. This article aims at investigating such impacts and their features as well as the different types of weathering on the buildings. Chemical, mechanical and biological parameters of weathering were reported to work together in the old buildings. Differential weathering was also reported in some buildings either within the stone itself or the cementing material between the stone blocks. The geographic location along the coast is believed to speed up the weathering process as aerosols and rainwater contain high chloride content, which in turn reacts with the stone components. Baladi stones show higher resistance to weathering than the Israeli stone-type. Weathering rate was calculated and found to have an average of about 0.1 cm per annum. Some measures are taken to protect the buildings from the weathering attack; these include 2–3 layers (about 1 cm thick each) of plastering for about 1 m of the lower part of the external walls of the buildings. These measures are not commonly applied, and if so, they show several types of weathering. Taking protective measures is a necessary step for better sustainable management of the aggregate resources in the Gaza Strip.     

Sludge dewatering using the reed bed system in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Sludge treatment using reed beds is more attractive in the Gaza Strip than traditional sludge drying beds. Sludges having solids contents of 1–2% can be applied to reed beds at a loading of 40 cm/m² every 2 weeks. The infiltration rate for a reed bed system is high, and the evapotranspiration rate is typically 170% of pan evaporation. The cost of sludge treatment using reed beds is 0.34 US$/m³ compared with 1.01 US$/m³ for treatment using conventional drying beds. This paper presents the results of using reed beds for sludge treatment in the Gaza Strip for 3 years.     

A monitoring and controlling system in managing infrastructure projects

This paper aims at providing an overview of the monitoring and controlling process, followed by analysing the monitoring and control systems in infrastructure projects in Gaza Strip. The author concludes that it is highly recommended that international management consulting firms should consider transfering know-how to Palestinian engineers to ensure that future monitoring and control systems can be effective.     

解析钢筋混凝土结构建筑混凝土施工与后浇带技术

钢筋混凝土结构是整个建筑工程中比较常见的一种结构形式,对于建筑工程的发展意义重大。在此结构当中,建筑混凝土施工及后浇带技术对其的影响较大。为了能够确保我国建筑行业能够更好地发展,本文对该技术进行了详细地阐述。     

解析钢筋混凝土结构建筑混凝土施工与后浇带技术

钢筋混凝土结构是整个建筑工程中比较常见的一种结构形式,对于建筑工程的发展意义重大。在此结构当中,建筑混凝土施工及后浇带技术对其的影响较大。为了能够确保我国建筑行业能够更好地发展,本文对该技术进行了详细地阐述。     

Construction site safety in Hong Kong

The structural characteristics of the Hong Kong construction industry, most notably its elaborate system of subcontracting and the casual basis on which labour is employed, pose serious problems for safety managers. By international standards, Hong Kong's construction industry performs very badly in the area of safety. Recent work in the UK and Finland highlights the effectiveness of behavioural techniques to improve safety performance on construction sites. Work is currently under way to test these techniques in the Hong Kong construction setting. The structural properties of the Hong Kong construction industry have been taken into consideration and labour commitments to the group and to the organization have been identified for additional consideration in research. It is expected that these variables will intervene in the application of behavioural techniques to determine their effectiveness. This paper investigates the theoretical background to commitment at the group and organizational level and presents a site level research model which is illustrative of the possible effects that group and organization level commitment may be found to have on the use of behavioural techniques.     

浅谈建筑施工企业安全文化建设

通过对安全文化的概念和定义,结合建筑施工企业的特点,提出了施工建筑企业安全文化建设的主要内容和步骤。     

外协队伍施工安全规范化管理实践

随着我国经济的迅猛发展，企业生产经营规模快速扩张，现阶段的设备检修维护和用工模式发生了改变，工程外包成为一种常用方式，但是外协工程队伍人员素质的参差不齐会给施工安全带来很多隐患。本文阐述了根据《安全生产法》对承包单位统一协调、管理的要求，企业对外协队伍规范化管理措施实践。     

浅析实验室安全现状分析与解决思路探讨

随着经济发展的不断深入和国家对创新型综合人才需求的增加,实验室在数量、规模等方面呈现出不同程度的扩大,伴随着实验室建设水平的提高,安全管理日益凸显,事故频发,给国家、单位和个人带来不可估量的损失,如何科学合理地对实验室的安全进行控制与管理是实验室管理者所面临的一个重要课题。本文旨在分析目前国内实验室的安全管理现状,对安全管控过程中存在的问题讨论对策,为实验室的安全运营提供一些可行性的思路。     

基于BIM的施工现场安全管理

随着建筑技术的日益进步,施工现场的安全问题一直面临着巨大的挑战。保障现场施工的安全是安全文明施工的需要也是保障施工人员切身利益的需要。本文主要分析了现阶段施工现场主要面临的安全问题,通过结合BIM技术,提出能够解决现场问题的合理化方案。借助BIM技术在安全监控流程、施工现场布置、复杂建筑安全施工等方面的优势,达到安全交底、危险源提前预防、完善安全管理流程,实时把控现场动态、施工现场合理布置的目的。     

浅谈人工挖孔桩施工技术及安全管理

人工挖孔桩造价低,施工方便,机具设备简单,占用场地小,施工质量可靠,但存在一定安全隐患,本文介绍了人工挖孔桩施工及安全措施。     

带状法图斑编号的实现

提出按带状法进行图斑编号,真正实现图斑编号的从上到下,从左到右,方便图斑的查找和使用。     

Strip loading test theory and equipment development

One of the important issues for geotechnical engineers is the characterization of soil properties such as cohesion and internal friction angle by means of soil testing. A new experimental method of soil characterization based on the surface displacement of strip loaded soils is proposed. The theory to relate the soil deformation/displacement to soil strength properties is presented and compared with a series of conventional soil characterization techniques with direct shear tests. The proposed/developed strip loading tests provide reasonably accurate results compared with traditional direct shear tests. The new strip loading physical simulation and testing devices are helpful for understanding soil strength concepts and also provide an effective bridge connecting with engineering mechanics and foundation engineering courses instructions wherein derivation of bearing capacity theory equations is based on the same Mohr-Coulomb soil strength parameters. The advantages, limitations, and use of the strip loading modeling/testing technique in engineering education and further more in depth researches are discussed in the concluding remarks part.     

Elevated nitrate levels in the groundwater of the Gaza Strip: distribution and sources

Seven years of monitoring groundwater in the Gaza Strip has shown that nitrate was and still is a major groundwater pollutant. The objectives of this research were to study the distribution of NO(3)(-) in the groundwater of the Gaza Strip and to identify the sources of NO(3)(-) in the Gaza aquifer system by assessing nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. The most recent samples collected in 2007 showed 90% of the wells having NO(3)(-) concentrations that are several times higher than the WHO standards of 50 mg/L. Potential NO(3)(-) source materials in Gaza are animal manure N, synthetic NH(4) based fertilizers, and wastewater/sludge. The average concentrations of N in the sludge, manure and soil of Gaza were 2.9%, 1% and 0.08%, respectively. The range in delta(15)N of solid manure samples was +7.5 to +11.9 per thousand. The range in delta(15)N of sludge samples was +4.6 to +7.4 per thousand, while four brands of synthetic fertilizers commonly used in Gaza had delta(15)N ranging from +0.2 to +1.0 per thousand. Sludge amended soil had delta(15)N ranging from +2.0 to +7.3 per thousand. For both delta(18)O and delta(15)N, the ranges of groundwater NO(3)(-) were -0.1 to +9.3 per thousand and +3.2 to 12.8 per thousand, respectively. No significant bacterial denitrification is taking place in the Gaza Strip aquifer. Nitrate was predominantly derived from manure and, provided delta(15)N of sludge represents the maximum delta(15)N of human waste, to a lesser extent from septic effluents/sludge. Synthetic fertilizers were a minor source.     

Exploring the interactive effects of safety investments,safety culture and project hazard on safety performance: An empirical analysis

This study aims to explore the interactive effects of safety investments, safety culture and project hazard on construction safety performance. Data were collected using multiple techniques from 47 completed building projects in Singapore. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, regression analysis, moderation analysis and mediation analysis. The results show that: (1) safety performance improves when there is a higher level of safety investments, a higher level of safety culture or a lower level of project hazard; (2) the effect of any individual factor on safety performance varies with the changes in other factors; (3) the effect of voluntary safety investments on safety performance is mediated by safety culture; and (4) the relationship between accident frequency rate and accident severity rate is moderated by project hazard level. The study suggests that safety performance of building projects is determined by the synergy effect of safety investments, safety culture and project hazard.     

涉外建筑工程的质量与安全

简要论述了涉外建筑工程质量与安全生产工作的重要性,工程质量管理和安全生产管理的关联性,举例说明了涉外建筑工程质量与安全事故的影响及危害.通过自身实践详细阐述了涉外建筑工程质量与安全生产管理的要点.