能源地下工程的概念、应用与前景展望

将地源热泵系统的热交换环路管埋入地下结构基坑围护结构内、基础底板下、桩基内、地铁隧道内以及新奥法施工的隧道内,形成能源地下工程.提出了能源地下工程的概念,综合分析了各种地源热泵系统开发地热能技术的优缺点,介绍了能源地下工程技术在奥地利维也纳地铁二号线延伸段的实际应用情况,并简单总结了能源地下工程应用前景和理论研究进展情况.能源地下工程是传统地源热泵技术的继承和发展,它克服了传统地源热泵系统占地和初始成本高的缺点,在我国人口密集的城市地区具有巨大的发展潜力和广泛的应用前景.     

隧道设计施工理念对衬砌的影响分析

本文通过对向阳隧道和八一隧道分别采用传统矿山法和新奥法进行数值模拟,计算结果表明,由于传统矿山法和新奥法的理念不同,用传统矿山法设计施工,造成二次衬砌局部应力集中,二次衬砌应力较新奥法大,由此证明新奥法是目前较合理的隧道工程设计施工理念。     

Practical necessity and legal options for introducing energy regulatory sandboxes in Austria

As the legal framework is designed for an established energy regime, innovative solutions for the energy transition often encounter barriers. Since rapid changes in the legal framework may involve uncertainties, testing solutions in the exceptional framework of regulatory sandboxes can be a constructive instrument of innovation policy. Until June 2021, Austrian energy law contains neither an explicit authorisation to grant such exemptions nor custom-made regulatory sandboxes. This paper is the first to investigate the practical need for regulatory sandboxes in Austria (specific fields of experimentation were identified) and elaborate necessary changes for energy law eligibility, taking European law into account.     

浅谈监控量测在隧道新奥法施工中的应用

对隧道新奥法施工中监控量测的目的、量测内容及方法、数据处理及分析应用三个方面进行了论述,从而为隧道的新奥法施工提供了详细、科学的参数,对隧道施工的合理性与经济性具有重要的意义。     

简述新奥法

简要叙述了新奥法起源、特点、理论及施工要点,支护手段与施工顺序以及新奥法的现场测量,最后指出了新奥法施工的缺点,并对新奥法施工作了简要的展望,从而推广新奥法在隧道设计施工中的应用。     

基于ABAQUS平台的四渡河悬索桥隧道锚围岩稳定性分析

隧道锚在实际工程中应用不多，目前对其稳定性的研究相对较少。基于大型通用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS的计算平台，利用该软件提供的用户材料子程序UMAT接口，将基于Rankine准则的Mohr-Coulomb模型添入ABAQUS中，采用Foamn语言开发了接口程序，并在此基础上对四渡河悬索桥隧道锚进行二维弹塑性有限元分析，计算了初始地应力场，模拟了隧道锚与公路隧道的新奥法施工过程，并考虑了开挖过程中隧洞周边接触软弱层的形成。将锚碇围岩的稳定性和锚固系统的整体安全度作为主要研究内容，其计算结果和长江科学院采用FLAC3D的分析结果比较，二者具有一致性。研究结果表明，所研制的接口程序开发思路正确，计算精度满足要求，所完成的工作为隧道锚设计提供了依据，具有相当重要的工程价值。     

新奥法在高速公路隧道施工中的应用

简要介绍了"新奥法"隧道施工的特点,通过对柳树营隧道各施工阶段的监测与分析,结合应用"新奥法"施工的实践,详细介绍了隧道围岩新奥法施工和现场监控量测工作,以积累施工技术经验和取得良好的经济效益。     

The impact of consumer behavior on residential energy demand for space heating

Besides technical parameters, consumer behavior is the most important issue with respect to energy consumption in households. In this paper, the results of a cross-section analysis of Austrian households are presented. The impact of the following parameters on residential energy demand for space heating have been investigated: (i) thermal quality of buildings; (ii) consumer behavior; (iii) heating degree days; (iv) building type (singleor multi-family dwellings). The result of this investigation provides evidence of a rebound-effect of about 15 to 30% due to building retrofit. This leads to the conclusion that energy savings achieved in practice (and straightforward the reduction in CO₂ emissions) due to energy conservation measures will be lower than those calculated in engineering conservation studies. Straightforward, the most important conclusions for energy policy makers are: (i) Standards, building codes, respectively, are important tools to increase the thermal quality of new buildings; and (ii) Due to prevailing low energy prices, a triggering tool has to be implemented which may be rebates or loans.     

Impact of lifestyle on the energy demand of a single family house

The building sector is one of the highest energy consumers in Austria. The potential to save energy in existing buildings is very high. Current Austrian policy incentives encourage home owners to renovate buildings to meet the European requirements, reduce energy consumption, and reduce CO₂ emissions. Nevertheless, there are often discrepancies between the measured and calculated energy consumption results despite efforts to take parameters into account such as the exact geometry and thermal properties of the building, energy demand for hot water, heating, cooling, ventilation systems, and lighting in the planning phase for selecting the best reconstruction option. To find the answer to this problem, many buildings are carefully investigated with the help of measurements, interviews, and simulations. This paper presents the analysis and results of the investigation of the impact of lifestyle on the energy demand of a single family house. The impact on energy performance of the most important parameters was observed by systematically changing parameters such as changing from a decentralized to a centralized heating system, considering various technologies and fuels for producing electricity and heat, use of renewable energy sources. Different occupant behaviours were changed systematically. The effects of these measures are analysed with respect to primary energy use, CO₂ emissions and energy costs. The results of these investigations show that the lifestyle and occupants’ living standard is mainly responsible for the differences between the calculated and measured energy consumption.     

温湿度独立控制系统在办公楼中的应用及运行效果

本文阐述了北京市建筑设计研究院F座办公楼空调系统组成及运行方式,通过实测数据对其室内空气质量进行评估,并通过建筑能耗模拟软件Dest对该楼采用的空调系统和普通空调系统的能耗进行比较。结果表明该楼所采用的空调系统具有较好的节能效果和较高的热舒适性。     

新奥法设计原理在施工组织中的应用

阐述了对新奥法的认识，围绕新奥法施工的三要素介绍了如何组织工程建设，提出了二次混凝土衬砌后封底和人工封拱后回填灌浆的重要性，以达到高效优质地搞好工程建设的目的。     

On Austrian regional economics

The aim of this research note is two-fold, firstly, to clarify the growing interaction between regional science and Austrian economics and their awareness of each other. We elucidate the Austrian methodology, called praxeology, which is especially misunderstood in regional science. Secondly, we tentatively sketch a possible contribution of Austrian economics to regional science. The core of the new economic geography is the idea of external economies of scale. Agglomeration of firms often leads to lower costs of existing products, and is a stimulating environment for the invention of new products and the development of new ideas. Austrian economics, which places discovery at the centre of its analysis of the market process, should be able to explain why (public) regional investments may be unsuccessful and why they can be successful.Received: 2 February 2002, Accepted: 25 June 2003, JEL Classification: B41, B53, R12     

革新的玻璃熔化技术

作为日本新能源产业（NEDO）技术开发机构的能源使用合理化技术战略项目“以直接玻璃化达到革新节能玻璃熔化技术”,由井上梧领衔,以物质＆#183;材料研究机构、东京大学3研究室、旭玻璃公司、东洋玻璃公司、新玻璃论坛为中心,东京理工大学、东洋大学、HOYA、光玻璃共同实施,中央玻璃公司参与开发。该文介绍了该项目的研发过程及技术要领。     

巴洛克建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德·费舍尔·冯·埃尔拉赫和奥地利“中国风”(Chinoiserie)建筑

奥地利建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德费舍尔冯埃尔拉赫(Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach,1656-1723)是欧洲巴洛克时期哈布斯堡王朝(Habsburg Monarchy)的重要建筑师之一。令人感兴趣的是他的一些设计作品表现出与中国之间的明显联系。同时他也是欧洲最早公开出版的世界建筑史图册《历史性建筑的设计》(A Planof Civil and Historical Architecture,1721)的作者,此书第一次将中国和泰国作为世界建筑的一部分进行比较研究。本文介绍此位奥地利建筑师的生平和工作,并分析他和中国以及中国式风格建筑的关系。文章第一部分从西方建筑传统的大背景下讨论费舍尔的建筑成就。第二部分,研究在欧洲中国风背景下他的建筑活动,并介绍奥地利中国式建筑风格体系的构成。     

Solar energy studies in the GDR

There are only limited options open to the German Democratic Republic for replacing conventional energy forms. But determined efforts are being made to utilise solar energy and heat pumps, and to develop heat absorber and heat storage elements as part of the building envelope, as explained here by an engineer in the Bauakademie Heating and Ventilation Institute.     

无为思想对工程建设及灾害治理的启示——从新奥法谈起

新奥法是一种被广泛应用的隧道施工方法,也是一套完整科学的思想体系。新奥法遵循自然规律,以实际情况为依据,与道家学说的无为而治在思想上有着高度的相通性。无为思想同时对工程建设与灾害治理等都具有良好的启示,工程师应该从中国传统哲学中获取有益的启示,以都江堰水利工程为典范,在工程建设和灾害治理中能够尊重自然,正确应用自然规律,逐步实现人类工程活动的可持续发展,达到人与自然和谐发展的目标。     

青岛地区居民家庭用能状况调研及分析

中国居民家庭用能状况研究项目由中国标准化研究院组织、国际铜业协会(中国)高能效家电项目部支持。通过对青岛地区居民家庭用能情况调研,对国内空调器用户使用水、电、气的情况和使用空调器的习惯进行入户实地测试。在此基础上进行数据分析,反映出青岛地区居民用能情况的特点。     

高校太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化的工程实践

本文以河南工院新区太阳能洗浴工程为例,主要介绍了真空管太阳热水系统与建筑一体化设计时的主要问题的解决方案。     

Bemessung von Fundamentplatten aus Stahlfaserbeton gemäß ÖVBB Richtlinie Faserbeton und DBV Merkblatt Stahlfaserbeton

Static Analysis and Verification of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Foundation Slabs according to the Austrian Guideline “Fibre reinforced concrete” and DBV (German Concrete Association) Recommendations “Steel fibre reinforced concrete” Steel fibre reinforced concrete is used for foundation slabs of housing structures since many years. The Austrian guideline [1] and the DBV recommendations [2] provide material properties and design values for calculation and verification of steel fibre reinforced concrete structural members. This paper provides a comparative study on foundation slabs taking both guidelines into account. A nonlinear finite element parameter study has been performed in order to verify a simplified static calculation and verification method. This calculation method is based on the yield line theory. This paper concludes with a sample calculation for steel fibre reinforced foundation slabs according to the Austrian and German design recommendations.     

Investigation of the Effects of Twin Tunneling on Ground Surface Settlement and Internal Forces of a Single Pile in 3D Analysis

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering - In this paper, using the finite element analysis and 3D modeling in Abaqus, the effect of different patterns of twin tunneling by the New Austrian...