纽约现代艺术博物馆

坐落在曼哈顿中城繁华地段的现代艺术博物馆,是西方现代艺术收藏、展示和研究的最著名机构之一,对建筑同行来说,它与“国际式”一词的紧密联系,使它具有极其特殊的历史形象,在20世纪末年,“解构主义”建筑展的举行,让它在颠覆自身历史形象的同时,显示出前瞻及诱导建筑和艺术发展的持续野心,本文简要回顾它在过去70年间,在收藏、运营、策划和馆舍建设与改造方面经历的变化,分析这一规模庞大的混血建筑综合体在保守的外表之下,力求平衡艺术,技术和社会时尚多方面因素的努力,现代艺术博物馆的成长变迁,也是当代艺术之都纽约特有的商业文化的再现。     

Representing sainthood in india: sikh and hindu visions of namdev

ABSTRACT

This article examines representations of the poet-saint Namdev in Indian popular art. Posters and calendars are the key mode of religious visual expression in India today, and are the locus of ongoing debates about sainthood and religious identity. The particular focus of this article is Namdev's representations in the state of Punjab, northwest India. Punjab is home to both Sikh and Hindu communities, which make competing claims about Namdev's relevance and hagiography. This article examines portrayals of Namdev in the poster art found at two Punjabi shrines: one at Ghoman, which draws mainly Sikh devotees, and one in Bassi Pathana, which has a predominantly Hindu base. These shrines produce and distribute portraits of Namdev that are strikingly different from each other. Additionally, it looks at Namdev art not explicitly associated with either shrine, which sometimes appears to represent a compromise between the Ghoman and Bassi Pathana portrayals. The representations of Namdev available in Punjab today illustrate both tensions between regional and pan-Indian interpretations of sainthood and a newer debate within Sikhism itself as to how “Sikh” Sikh religious art must be.     

塞纳维拉的表现主义与实用主义

住宅设计中所表现出来的技术需求有时候是很客观的，建筑外观所表现出来的装饰美往往隐掉了住宅应体现的结构美及构造美。在塞纳维拉这个70000余平方米的小社区内，建筑师在开发商的带领下，苛求技术及艺术，而这一切的来由，皆因房地产开发这一经济现象。离开了这一源动力，所有的表现会变的做作。本案试图在技术、艺术与房地产开发之间找到令人满意的平衡点……     

优秀历史建筑校园空间的文化解读——沪江大学校园建筑风格

教育思想及活动与教育空间是教育体系的两个构成要素,二者之间有着密切联系。教育空间是教育体系中的物质实体,由校园整体环境和单体建筑组成,大学建筑作为高等教育的物质空间,必然受到社会、经济、文化等诸多因素的影响。以沪江大学校园为例,优秀历史建筑构成的大学校园空间作为一种文化载体,其空间环境承载着特定的校园文化及其场所精神,虽然大学教育体系已产生很大变化,但其特有的校园文化仍是不可替代的珍贵遗产,有时甚至具有超越国家、民族和时代而存在的艺术和科学价值。     

动感和光创造的空间

本文是保罗·安德鲁对自己建筑创作思想发展的回顾与总结、建筑师对个性化和风格问题毫不关心,他所追求的是作品内在的连贯性,明晰性及其与外界的关系．他关注空间本身,关注自然光在空间中的演出,关注溶解在光线中的结构形式。他坚信通过与诗、文学、绘画和科学的交流能使建筑更丰富。只有当建筑以谦逊的姿态出现时,它才能获得艺术带来的意外的天赐之福,充满活力,充满无法预知的期待。     

Conflicting élites and changing values: designing two historic districts in downtown Seattle, 1958–73

Seattle's Pioneer Square and Pike Place Market have maintained their reputation as symbolic urban places in the city and as exemplary historic districts in the United States. This paper illuminates the emergence of these two historic districts from the standpoint of the conflict between the two élite camps, as well as their motivations in shaping downtown urban forms during the 1960s. The conflict occurred as part of a transition from the time when business leaders' economic values fuelled a CBD-centred promotion, through the point where planning for downtown fringe districts came to incorporate art and design professionals' cultural values. The local élites played their distinctive roles in creating the two historic districts in downtown Seattle, sometimes in line with the nationwide trends and sometimes apart from them. The making of the two historic districts was eventually realized as a part of federally funded urban renewal and demonstration programmes, which the business élite initially ushered in and the cultural élite later tailored to fit its downtown values. While the shift in perspective did yield, as many have recalled, moments of a 'people's victory against the establishment' and 'preservation virtues against redevelopment harms' in downtown planning, this paper suggests that the shift involved local planning circumstances that were too complex to be characterized in such dualistic terms.     

Between icon and institution: the vacillating significance of Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum

How might the perceived significance of an architectural work change across time, and what are the parameters within which such a changed perception is manifested? These are questions that this paper attempts to answer through a study of writings on Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum. The writings discussed range from those published in the mid-1940s, when Wright's early schemes were first seen in journals, to the more recent criticism of the restoration and addition by Gwathmey Seigel Architects. The varying significance accorded to the Guggenheim Museum as well as the underlying regularities guiding the variations are discussed. A dichotomy is identified in writings on the Guggenheim Museum between the building comprehended as an architectural icon and as one understood as serving the institutional needs of an art museum. It is suggested that this dichotomy, formed despite (and sometimes abetted by) the attempts of historians and critics to offer reasoned understandings of the building, was eventually resolved through the absorption of the iconic value of Wright's building into the institutional programme of the museum.     

建筑、艺术与技术

从词源学的角度讨论了建筑（architecture）、艺术（art）和技术（technology）的原意及其历史演变。艺术一词的原意是：人工之物、技艺与技巧,技术的原意是：系统化了的art和机械的或工业的arts。那种把技术和艺术对立起来,重艺术、轻技术,重建筑形式、轻建筑技术的倾向,实在是对艺术和技术的误读。技术包含科学和艺术两个层面。建筑实质上是一种技术,是按照科学的和艺术的原理与规则把物质的材料建造成房子（building）。所以建筑才解释为建造房屋的科学与艺术。在建筑、艺术和科学三者之间,技术是科学与艺术在建筑上结合的桥梁。     

景观中的艺术，艺术中的景观——欧林事务所设计理念和精选作品

一个人如果仅仅具有创作性知识，而没有对历经数百年的伟大艺术的鉴赏能力，是很难把景观设计得完美的。将艺术带进景观中有很多方法，最直接的是将一件艺术品摆放在景观中，也可以在景观设计中受艺术品的启发；还有将景观作为艺术已经创作。欧林事务所力图赋予景观以艺术品质。文章针对不同景观工程中艺术的追求进行了描述。     

论景观设计的艺术属性

从艺术与技术概念的分化以及艺术自身的分化过程得出结论,不论从"艺术"原初的、广义的含义,还是从其近代的、狭义的意义来看,景观设计都当之无愧地可以被称为"艺术"。     

传统木雕装饰美学艺术研究

传统木雕装饰艺术是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,历史悠久、源远流长,在技艺和工艺美学等诸多方面都有着非常高的成就。木雕是我国比较常见的一种民间工艺形式,具有很强的观赏性,按照工种分类,木雕属于木工中的精细木工。木雕艺术造型精美、工艺精湛、立意深远,富含了中国传统文化的底蕴,值得我们去学习、继承和推广。本文阐述了木雕装饰艺术的起源、传承和发扬,以及木雕装饰艺术的价值和应用,讨论并总结了新形势下木雕装饰艺术的发展趋势。     

State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments

Insulation materials are the key tool in designing and constructing a energy thrifty buildings. This is demonstrated by the increasing thicknesses used in buildings, which also reflects in the growing sales of the branch. The European market of insulation materials is characterised by the domination of two groups of products inorganic fibrous materials and organic foamy materials. They all feature similar performance in terms of insulating capabilities, but otherwise present significant differences. These are discussed in detail in the following paper. Despite the fact that the thermal properties of the materials has not improved significantly of the last decade, a series of other features, like reaction to fire and moisture or mechanical properties have improved, sometimes even at the cost of insulation abilities. Furthermore, environmental and public health aspects play an increasing role, both in the search for ‘optimum’ materials for given applications, and in the aims set by the industry for future developments. These aims, examined within the legislative and market framework, are discussed in this paper, both as criteria for evaluating state of the art materials and as goals for future research developments.     

Art as a new urban norm: Between normalization of the City through art and normalization of art through the City in Montreal and Johannesburg

In a context of increased urban competition, art and culture are often used by cities world-wide as tools to improve their image and make urban spaces attractive. In that process, art is – as we will argue – becoming a new urban norm, which is normalizing not only urban space and experience, but also art itself. By contributing to the pacification or securization of public spaces, art could encourage some behaviors or, on the contrary, discourage others. Reversely, this normative dimension of urban art could impact art itself, especially by redefining the limit between artistic forms that are either inclusive or exclusive, dominant or subversive. Through examples found during PhD fieldwork in Montreal and Johannesburg, we will demonstrate that this normalization of the city through art and of art through the city takes place in various urban contexts, that it questions the distinction between Northern and Southern cities, and the definition of a (global) city itself.     

中国公共艺术的反思

在中国各地竞相＂美化＂、＂亮化＂城市环境的背景下,公共艺术越来越受到社会的关注。从公共艺术的角度,我们开始有机会并不孤立地看待某件城市雕塑,而是将它纳入到区域景观乃至城市空间规划中来讨论,并将讨论内容拓展到城雕之外的景观设计、公共服务设施、夜景照明等更大的范围。但受制于过往落后的艺术观念及审美惰性,公共艺术之于城市空间...     

现代雕塑与现代景观设计

现代景观设计的发展除根植于丰厚的园林传统外,还受到现代艺术的极大影响。现代雕塑,尤其是极简主义和大地艺术的思想和手法对当代景观设计产生了很大作用。大地艺术是雕塑和景观的综合,今天许多景观作品同时也被认为是大地艺术作品。     

论公共艺术方式构建的场所交互关系

公共艺术是建立在公共空间基础之上,以平等、自由、共享等观念来进行艺术实践的方式。其交互关系是由景观、装置、雕塑等艺术形式为载体,通过互动参与等方式,建立的公共交互行为。行为是构成场所的必要因素,而交往互动的行为又是场所精神的重要组成和来源。公共艺术在公共交互关系方面有独特的吸引力和手段,能为场所营造提供独特的路径和方法。集中表现在文化的生动再现,场所精神的叙事性,社会活动的趣味吸引等方面。以公共艺术的观念介入的场所营造,具体以交互的空间形式、艺术介质、艺术视觉、艺术体验、场所文化等方面来构建而成。     

Conceptualization of Art and Architecture

Western modern and contemporary architecture and art is a conceptual architecture and art, change in human concept promotes the development of modern and contemporary architecture and art, presents us a new look. Evolvement of concept is the core force that pushes forward the unceasing development of art and architecture, art and architecture as concept always influence and interact with each other and create a new dimension. Both architects and artists try to express their opinions using the individualized works and practices in the context of changing values in social transformation, which has become the significance of contemporary architectural design and artistic creation.     

Transportation Demand Management Planning,Development, and Implementation

Transportation demand management (TDM) is the art of modifying travel behavior, usually to avoid more costly expansion of the transportation system. TDM is not a panacea, but it can help ease some transportation problems. TDM requires the cooperation of many actors, who may include developers; landowners; employers; business associations; and municipal, county, regional, and state levels of government. This article reviews new TDM organizational forms, including transportation management associations, trip reduction ordinances, and negotiated public-private agreements. More flexible approaches appear to work best. TDM evaluation is difficult, because reductions in trip generation rates, i.e., relative changes in travel demand, are not easy to measure. Evidence suggests that TDM can be applied in a wide variety of situations, with equally variable, and sometimes quite good, overall results. TDM strategies that often have proven to be effective include on-site employee transportation coordination, parking management provisions, and alternative work schedules.     

Ontology of Art

Art is a macroscopical concept, a social ideology which is more classic than reality. When the word art is mentioned, two things will immediately occur to people. One is the response to beauty, the other one is the carrier which reflects the aesthetic perception. Taking the example that the mother of modern dance, Deng Ken, visited the Parthenon in Greek with a world-renowned scientist, as Den Ken was touched by the great ancient building, the scientist just asked her about the marble texture of the temple. Thereout, the author could not help but ruminate what is primary for the noumenon between the metaphysical response and the physical carrier of art standing in front of art,the macroscopical object. From this, the " noumenon " of art was endowed two prominent hierarchies by the author, as it were, " the first noumenon " and " the second noumenon "( the physical carrier of art and the metaphysical response to beauty). Both are main parts for each other and never separate from each other, jointly building the noumenon of art.     

场域演变——解读伊比利亚当代艺术中心

伊比利亚当代艺术中心是一座由中国建筑师设计的以当代艺术展示、研究、教育、出版和收藏等为主要功能的建筑。该建筑获得2008年WA中国建筑奖。本文以个人的视角,以现场体验为基础,描述了笔者对该建筑空间的感受以及对其设计理念和手法的理解,并分析了该建筑的设计者在创作方法上的连续性以及该建筑在798艺术区建筑群体中的地位。