润滑油的氧化

近代变速箱设计日趋紧凑，润滑条件恶化，发热严重。又由于氧化过程和腐蚀密切有关，加入抗腐蚀添加剂意义重大。本文研究了润滑油氧化和腐蚀的机理及抗氧化，抗腐蚀添加剂的应用。     

硼化含氮杂环化合物衍生物用作润滑油多功能添加剂的研究

本文简要介绍了所需的硼化含氮杂环化合物衍生物添加剂的合成路线，用四球试验，抗氧化安定性试验以及铜片腐蚀试验分别考察了其对润滑油的抗磨及抗氧抗腐性能的影响。结果表明：在350SN中性油中添加此剂后可以显著降低四球长磨后的磨斑直径，有效地抑制油品氧化出现的粘度增长及酸值变化，并可以较大幅度提高基础油的抗腐蚀性能，可以作为润滑油多功能添加剂使用。     

亚胺化结合气相色谱-质谱法区分二氨基甲苯异构体

2,4-二氨基甲苯是食品包装材料中禁用的致癌芳香胺，区分2,4-二氨基甲苯及其异构体具有较大的挑战性。本研究采用苯甲醛进行二氨基甲苯异构体的亚胺化反应，气相色谱-质谱法分析5种二氨基甲苯异构体的亚胺化产物。同时，采用理论计算探索2,3-二氨基甲苯亚胺化产物的质谱碎裂机理。邻位二氨基甲苯与苯甲醛反应生成1-苄基-2-苯基-甲基苯并咪唑类和2-苯基-甲基苯并咪唑，非邻位二氨基甲苯与苯甲醛反应则生成亚胺类产物。所有的衍生物易实现气相色谱分离；由于邻基效应等因素，5个二氨基甲苯异构体的亚胺化产物可实现EI质谱区分。研究结果表明，亚胺化有助于同时精准测定二氨基甲苯同分异构体。     

噻唑衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

合成了两种噻唑衍生物，采用热重分析对其热稳定性进行了评价；利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能，并用扫描电子显微镜和x射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌和元素化学状态。结果表明：噻唑氨基甲酸衍生物添加剂可显著改善菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能和承载能力；含上述添加剂的菜籽油在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应，生成了含菜籽油甘油酯、有机硫化物、硫酸亚铁等组成的边界润滑膜，从而改善了菜籽油的摩擦学性能。     

含氮硼酸酯添加剂性能研究

合成了四种含氮硼酸酯,对其摩擦学性能和抗腐蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明,B-N添加剂具有优良的抗磨减摩性能和良好的极压性能,同时具有优异的抗腐蚀性能。XPS表面分析表明,B-N添加剂在磨痕表面形成了一层含B2O3、BN、O-Fe-B,氧化铁和有机化合物的复杂保护膜。     

自蔓延高温合成技术及工艺研究

本论文以铝粉和三氧化二铁为主要原料,以二氧化硅、三氧化二铬等为添加剂,填涂在钢板上,并通过高温点燃的的形式,利用SHS技术和铝热反应,制备出陶瓷与金属结合的新型抗腐蚀材料。分析了实验的可行性及最终产物,研究了加热温度、粘合剂和添加剂以及不同的配比对反应和组织的影响,讨论了陶瓷和金属基体的界面结合机理。通过对材料各性能的综合分析,得出制备铁基复合材料的配比、制备工艺与材料的最佳性能之间的关系,为我们制备铁基复合材料提供理论指导。     

硫代氨基甲酸衍生物用作润滑添加剂的研究进展

综述了硫代氨基甲酸盐和硫代氨基甲酸的其它衍生物用作润滑添加剂的研究进展,指出未来硫代氨基甲酸衍生物的研究方向为开发新的硫代氨基甲酸衍生物和其合成技术,加强硫代氨基甲酸衍生物添加剂在润滑油产品的应用研究.     

五元含氮杂环润滑添加剂的摩擦学研究进展

五元含氮杂环化合物是一类重要的润滑添加剂,有着优良的摩擦学性能。对近年来苯并噻唑类、苯并咪唑类、苯并三氮唑类和噻二唑类等五元含氮杂环添加剂的摩擦学研究进行概述,分析其摩擦学机制及研究中存在的问题,并指出其未来发展应基础与应用研究并重,积极开展新型的、环境友好的五元含氮杂环添加剂的研究。     

含酯基苯并噻唑衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能及作用机制

合成了2种无灰无磷环境友好抗磨添加剂(含酯基苯并噻唑衍生物MBTA和MBTT),利用红外光谱和元素分析对其分子结构进行了表征.使用四球机考察了2种添加剂在菜籽油中的极压、抗磨和减摩性能,结果表明,2种苯并噻唑衍生物在适当范围内改善了菜籽油的抗磨性能,且添加剂MBTA的抗磨性能优于添加剂MBTT;2种添加剂仅仅在低载荷下有一定的减摩作用,添加剂MBTA和MBTT分别将菜籽油的最大无卡咬负荷提高了75.5% 和66.7%.使用XPS分析了添加剂MBTA在钢球磨斑表面的摩擦膜化学组成,发现添加剂MBTA在摩擦过程中活性硫元素与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应,其生成的摩擦膜主要由FeS和/或FeS2组成.     

苯并咪唑的衍生物对润滑油抗磨及抗腐性能的影响

本文合成了S－（1－苯并咪唑－1－）甲基N,N－二辛基二硫化氨基甲酸酯,运用各种分析仪器对其结构进行表征,用四球试验和铜片腐蚀试验分别考察了其对润滑油的抗磨及抗腐性能的影响,结果表明：这种添加剂可以显著提高润滑油的抗磨和抗腐性能。     

国内铜板带生产技术与加工装备现状

重点介绍了中色科技所研制开发的铜板带热轧机、铜带坯水平连铸机、铜带粗轧机、铜带精轧机、铜带拉弯矫直机、铜带(酸洗)脱脂清洗机等铜加工设备的技术特点、装机水平及其加工工艺。     

精密铜带圆盘纵剪机

通过对精密铜带圆盘剪切机的工作原理和工艺过程进行研究，对引进的美国剪切机进行了技术改造，设计制作了新的装置，实现了软态铜带的剪切。     

进电端放电法对单晶硅电火花加工接触电阻的影响研究

为改善高电阻率硅的电火花线切割可加工性,提出了一种在半导体电镀金属薄膜表面放电的方法（简称进电端放电法）。首先在硅(电阻率为2.1Ω·cm)表面电镀一层铜膜,然后利用铜刷作电极,在铜膜表面进行放电,利用放电形成的高温在硅表面形成重掺杂层,以降低接触势垒。分析了表面重掺杂层的形成机理,制备了硅试件并得到了伏安曲线,结果表明,试件的进电端接触电阻明显减小。最后采用进电端放电法对电阻率为2.1Ω·cm、直径为100mm的硅锭进行电火花线切割试验,加工效率可由12mm2/min提高至30mm2/min。     

双辉光离子渗铜对缸套-活塞环摩擦学性能的影响*

为研究铜元素对缸套-活塞环摩擦学性能的影响,通过双辉光离子渗透技术在缸套材料表面加工出不同厚度的渗铜改性层,使用RTEC多功能摩擦磨损试验机开展不同负载、不同润滑条件下的模拟试验,采集并分析试验过程中的摩擦因数以及试验后体积磨损量和磨损表面形貌,研究渗铜改性层对缸套材料摩擦学性能的影响规律及作用机制。结果表明：渗铜处理可有效降低缸套-活塞环摩擦副的摩擦因数,减少磨损量;高载荷和干摩擦条件下渗铜改性层的减摩抗磨作用效果尤为显著,最高可使摩擦因数分别降低13.15%和30.86%,磨损量分别降低30.70%和38.57%;渗铜后缸套-活塞环磨损表面形貌平整,摩擦表面形成了铜含量较高的润滑膜层,该表面膜起到了减摩、耐磨的作用。     

地铁受电弓碳滑板冬季异常磨耗特点微观研究

以国内某地铁线路在冬季运行中出现异常磨耗的受电弓浸铜碳滑板为研究对象，借助多种微观测试手段，比较其表面形貌、微观组织、化学成分等与正常磨耗状态的碳滑板表面的差异，探究碳滑板出现异常磨耗的原因及机制。结果表明：与正常磨耗状态碳滑板相比，异常磨耗状态下碳滑板表面三维形貌崎岖且粗糙，其接触条件显著恶化，机械磨损、磨粒磨损、电弧烧蚀、材料转移等形式的磨损量均有增加；在进入秋冬季节后，碳滑板表面润滑条件发生改变、磨粒数量增加、直径增大、接触副温度上升，从而加剧了磨粒磨损和电弧烧蚀，造成碳滑板出现异常磨耗现象。对地铁运营过程进行跟踪监测后发现，碳滑板异常磨耗的出现与隧道内环境湿度的下降存在一定关联。     

A thermal analysis of strip-rolling in mixed-film lubrication with O/W emulsions

Increase of both roll and strip surface temperatures can significantly affect a rolling process, roll conditions and strip mechanical properties. A comprehensive thermal analysis in cold rolling, especially in a mixed film regime, is needed to understand how thermal fields develop in roll and strip during rolling. It requires a simultaneous solution of the mixed film model for friction in the roll bite and the thermal model for roll and strip thermal fields. This paper presents a numerical procedure to analyse strip rolling process using lubrication with oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The thermal model includes the effect of heat generation due to the strip deformation and frictional shear stress at the asperity contacts. The numerical analysis employs a coupled thermal model and a mixed film lubrication model for calculating the friction and the asperity deformation in the bite. The thermal model considers the initial temperatures of the roll and strip, temperature rise due to the strip plastic deformation and friction. While the O/W mixed-film lubrication model takes into account the effect of surface roughness and oil concentration (%vol) of the emulsion. The thermal effect is analysed in terms of strip surface temperature and roll temperature, which are influenced by rolling parameters such as reduction, rolling speed, oil concentration in the emulsion. The results of the parametric study indicate that the effect of oil concentration on the thermal field is relatively small compared to that of reduction ratio and rolling speed. The reduction ratio increases the maximum interface temperature in the roll bite. In the mixed film regime, rolling speed also increases the maximum interface temperature and alters the temperature field of the strip. The numerical procedure was validated against known experimental data and can readily be extended to hot rolling or used to analyse roll strip temperature subjected to different cooling system.     

Measurements of friction in strip drawing under thin film lubrication

Strip drawing is used to investigate the friction behaviour under thin film lubrication in metal forming with plastic deformation. Friction coefficients are measured under a wide range of tribological conditions. The surface roughness is measured on an interferometric profilometer. The results show that the friction coefficient decreases with increasing oil film thickness h_w, as estimated using a formula appropriate for smooth tool and workpiece. Measurements of the surface topography show that change in friction is associated with a change in contact ratio between the tool and strip. The effect of strip reduction, strip roughness and die roughness on the friction coefficient is also investigated.     

Different degree of reduction and sliding phenomenon study for three-dimensional hot rolling with sandwich flat strip

Symmetric rolling of 3D sandwich flat strips with thermal-elastic–plastic coupled model was studied under the assumption of an elastic roller and the condideration of heat transfer. Aluminum–copper sandwich flat strips were used in this study.The numerical model of symmetric rolling for 3D sandwich flat strip with thermal-elastic–plastic coupled model was developed based on the large deformation–large strain theory, the update Lagrangian formulation and the incremental principle. Besides, flow stress was considered as the function of strain, strain rate and temperature. The theoretical model of finite element method containing the two-order strain rate formulation acted as the basis for determining the convergence of simulation results.The contact surface between the aluminum and copper for the sandwich flat strip was also discussed. First of all, the contact face between the aluminum and copper was assumed that it would be fixed without sliding. Symmetric hot rolling of the aluminum and copper sandwich flat strip was analyzed. A slide criterion was then introduced to study the shear stress states of the contact face between aluminum and copper of sandwich strip, which was used to compare the relation between the maximum shear stress and the yielding shear stress on the contact face. If the maximum shear stress of aluminum or copper is smaller than the yielding stress of aluminum or copper respectively, sliding does not occur on the contact face. On the contrary, the sliding may occur on the contact face between aluminum and copper.Three different degrees of reduction were simulated in this study to analyze the states of shear stress on the upper aluminum strip and lower copper strip close to the contact face. Finally, it finds that the sliding on the contact face between aluminum and copper may occur around certain degree of reduction. The average rolling force of the simulation result was compared with experimental data [8] to verify the simulation results.     

Tribochemical processes in engine oil with copper nanoparticles and azomethine ligand

The tribochemical processes in SAE 10W40 engine mineral oil with complexing compound and dioctylphtalate have been studied. A tribofilm that reduces the coefficient of friction is found to be formed on the friction surfaces; it is probed via optical and scanning electron microscopy, FTIR infrared spectroscopy, and X-Ray fluorescence and is established to be composed of copper covering the steel surface and a tribopolymer film. The effect of tribochemical processes with involving the steel surface, copper nanopowder, ligands, coordination compounds, and complex ether in the formation of a tribofilm has also been elucidated.     

Non-linear dynamics of inlet film thickness during unsteady rolling process

The inlet film thickness directly affects film and stress distribution of rolling interfaces. Unsteady factors, such as unsteady back tension, may disturb the inlet film thickness. However, the current models of unsteady inlet film thickness lack unsteady disturbance factors and do not take surface topography into consideration. In this paper, based on the hydrodynamic analysis of inlet zone an unsteady rolling film model which concerns the direction of surface topography is built up. Considering the small fluctuation of inlet angle, absolute reduction, reduction ratio, inlet strip thickness and roll radius as the input variables and the fluctuation of inlet film thickness as the output variable, the non-linear relationship between the input and output is discussed. The discussion results show that there is 180° phase difference between the inlet film thickness and the input variables, such as the fluctuant absolute reduction, the fluctuant reduction ratio and non-uniform inlet strip thickness, but there is no phase difference between unsteady roll radius and the output. The inlet angle, the steady roll radius and the direction of surface topography have significant influence on the fluctuant amplitude of unsteady inlet film thickness. This study proposes an analysis method for unsteady inlet film thickness which takes surface topography and new disturbance factors into consideration.