MRPⅡ的未来

ＭＲＰⅡ（制造资源计划）是当令世界应用最为广泛的生产管理方法之一。在我国，ＭＲＰⅡ的应用也越来越广泛。这里介绍了ＭＲＰⅡ的原理和发展过程，并对ＭＲＰⅡ的未来发展趋势做了客观的预测。     

TS—MIS生产管理系统的研制

本文针对ＴＳ－ＭＩＳ生产管理系统的研制，分析了扬州通顺（ＴＳ）散热器有限公司生产方式的具体特点，采用现代的企业管理方法ＭＲＰⅡ和ＫＡＮＢＡＮ管理方法，提出了一种适用于企业特点的组合ＭＲＰⅡ和ＫＡＮＢＡＮ的生产管理模式。     

约束理论

约束理论（ＴｈｅｏｒｙｏｆＣｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｓ，ＴＯＣ）是以色列物理学家、企业管理顾问戈德拉特博士（Ｄｒ．ＥｌｉｙａｈｕＭ．Ｇｏｌｄｒａｔ）在他开创的优化生产技术（ＯｐｔｉｍｉｚｅｄＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＯＰＴ）基础上发展起来的管理哲理。该理论提出了在制造业经营生产活动中定义和消除制约因素的一些规范化方法，以支持连续改进（ＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ）。ＴＯＣ也是对ＭＲＰⅡ和ＪＩＴ在观念和方法上的发展。     

中国特色的ERP发展探讨

回顾了由ＭＲＰ发展到ＥＲＰ的过程,讨论了适合建立ＭＲＰⅡ／ＥＲＰ企业的条件,并对优良的计算机网络信息系统提出了建议。     

现代成组技术在CAD／CAM中的应用与发展

简要说明了现代成组技术（ＧＴ）与ＣＩＭＳ的关系，详细阐述了现代ＧＴ在ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ中的应用及其实施方法，是后指出了实施现代ＧＴ的两个重要方法─基于特征的柔性编码与零件谱数据库。     

PDM在企业的实施

本文简要介绍了产品数据管理（ＰＤＭ）的概念、发展和功能以及与ＥＲＰ、ＭＲＰⅡ、ＭＩＳ等之间的关系，并采用专家理论与自己工作实际相结合的原则，阐述了ＰＤＭ系统在企业中的实施与应用，同时站在应用者的角度提出了实施的具体方法和应注意的问题。     

CIMS环境下MRP—Ⅱ主生产计划系统的研究与开发

介绍了制造资源计划（ＭＲＰ－Ⅱ）主生产计划系统的总体结构和开发策略，用人机交互方式可以非常方便地制定主生产计划。     

CIMS环境下MRPⅡ制造资源计划系统的研究与开发

本文针对传统的ＭＲＰ系统所存在的缺陷，将车间生产作业计划与ＭＲＰ集成于一体。详细介绍了ＭＲＰⅡ制造资源计划系统的总体结构与开发策略，用人机交互的方式可以非常方便地制定出主生产计划。     

流程企业CIM／MRPⅡ实施技术分析

ＭＲＰⅡ从起源到应用一直是面向离散型行业,而流流程生产模式下的ＭＲＰⅡ则研究较少。本文以国家８６３／ＣＩＭＳ应用示范工程ＹＨ－ＣＩＭＳ的实施为背景,根据流程型行业的生产地ＭＲＰⅡ在流程型生产中的实施技术进行了深入分析。     

ICT和RP＆M在CAD／CAM中的应用

介绍了ＩＣＴ（ＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｄＴｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ）和ＲＰ＆Ｍ（ＲａｐｉｄＰｒｏｔｏｔｙｐｉｎｇａｎｄＭａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ）这两项当今引人注目的高新技术，探讨了在ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ领域的应用途径、发展前景和重要意义，并对相关的一个重要算法，即基于ＩＣＴ切片的三维几何模型重建，进行了归纳阐述。     

A meta-modeling paradigm of the manufacturing resources using mathematical logic for process planning

Process planning determines how to produce the designed products using available manufacturing resources economically; thus the manufacturing resources perform a major part in the field of process planning. Most modeling approaches of the manufacturing resources, however, have been studied to cope with production planning and control problems, or to unleash the under-utilized resource flexibility, etc. As of now there is a lack of the modeling approach for the manufacturing resources on the shop floor to facilitate process planning. The major objective of this research is to create a modeling schema to address the manufacturing resources for process planning, especially for process reasoning. A meta-modeling paradigm of manufacturing resources is proposed using the first- and second-order logic and mapping from process knowledge into the manufacturing resources from the process planning view. The outcomes of this study lay the foundation for process reasoning in future rapid process preparation. Finally, an illustrative example is used to explain the meta-modeling paradigm.     

基于面向对象的设备能力导航工艺规划系统设计与实现

为了解决工艺规划通用性不足的问题,采用面向对象技术,研究了制造资源的特点,建立了面向对象的设备能力模型,设计了设备能力导航工艺规划的系统。在进行工艺规划时,依照当前设备的负荷状态,采用面向对象的图形驱动交互模式,实现了可视化操作界面。     

A clustering-based modeling scheme of the manufacturing resources for process planning

Process planning determines how a product is to be manufactured and, therefore, is one of the key elements in the manufacturing process. The basic crux of computer-aided process planning (CAPP), however, is the diversity of manufacturing background and the complexity of process planning. Since the process plans are generated on demand with the manufacturing resources on a shop floor, modeling method of the manufacturing resources is one of most important issues in computer-aided process planning. Hence, the major objective of this research is to create a clustering-based modeling scheme of the manufacturing resources for process planning. This modeling scheme combines clustering method with averaging method so as to reasonably partition and classify the manufacturing resources on a shop floor. The proposed approach provides one of search strategies of machine tools for process planning, especially for the selection of machine tools. Finally, an illustrative example is applied to describe the clustering-based modeling scheme.     

基于Web的敏捷车削参数规划系统

使用现代信息技术来提升制造企业的影响力是敏捷制造研究的重要领域。实现了一个考虑分布式资源的、基于Web技术的敏捷车削参数规划原形系统，初步尝试了提高企业敏捷性的方法。该系统支持异地站点上的工程人员通过因特网使用标准浏览器来实现远程工艺参数规划和优化。     

基于自适应蚁群算法的工艺路线优化

针对计算机辅助工艺设计中最优方案选择,提出一种以制造资源更换率最低为目标的自适应蚁群优化方法(Adaptive ant colony algorithm,AACA)。通过分析零件特征,根据精度要求对制造特征进行分解,提出加工元概念。加工元被定义为特定的制造特征、加工阶段、加工方法、制造资源、装夹位置的集合,工艺路线的确定被转换为对加工元的优化顺序安排问题。以制造特征之间的几何位置约束,各加工阶段的先后顺序约束为基本元素,构造加工元优选约束矩阵,给出基于优选约束矩阵的加工元优选原则。在加工元优先顺序约束和可用制造资源的共同约束下,将缩短加工周期、提高加工质量和降低加工成本的综合目标表达为制造资源更换率最低,进行优化目标函数的数学建模。指出加工元优化排序可类比旅行商问题,并选择AACA进行优化求解。实例分析表明提出的方法可以可靠和有效地得到符合生产实际的工艺路线。     

区域性制造业信息化工程方案设计方法研究

分析了区域性制造业信息化的资源系统构成及其市场要素需求，从资源优化配置角度，以支持区域制造业与信息化技术服务产业的整体发展为目的，构建了区域性整体制造业信息化工程的设计实施体系框架，并研究了其中的关键环节，提出了企业信息化的梯度扩展理论．在需求分析的基础上阐述了典型区域制造业信息化工程规划方案。     

面向网络化制造的工艺分工规划技术研究

为了解决动态企业联盟的产品工艺分工自动规划问题,针对其制造资源配置的特点,提出了一种先设计逻辑工艺路线,通过逻辑制造单元一物理制造单元映射生成可执行工艺路线,再经过资源评估和优化配置生成工艺分工路线的新方法。在这3个主要过程中,逻辑工艺路线设计是影响工艺分工自动规划的关键,为此,采用了基于知识的方法实现智能化决策,避免了在工艺路线设计时必须考虑数量庞大的复杂资源配置这一难题,简化了工艺分工规划过程,容易实现自动化。     

Manufacturing Resource Planning Technology Based on Genetic Programming Simulation

Network-based manufacturing is a kind of distributed system, which enables manufacturers to finish production tasks as well as to grasp the opportunities in the market, even if manufacturing resources are insufficient. One of the main problems in network-based manufacturing is the allocation of resources and the assignment of tasks rationally, according to flexible resource distribution. The mapping rules and relations between production techniques and resources are proposed, followed by the definition of the resource unit. Ultimately, the genetic programming method for the optimization of the manufacturing system is put forward. A set of software for the optimization system of simulation process using genetic programming techniques has been developed, and the problems of manufacturing resource planning in network-based manufacturing are solved with the simulation of optimizing methods by genetic programming. The optimum proposal of hardware planning, selection of company and scheduling will be obtained in theory to help company managers in scientific decision-making.     

Concurrent process/inspection planning for a customized manufacturing system based on genetic algorithm

Producing products with multiple quality characteristics is always one of the concerns for an advanced manufacturing system. To assure product quality, finite manufacturing resources (i.e., process workstations and inspection stations) could be available and employed. The manufacturing resource allocation problem then occurs, therefore, process planning and inspection planning should be performed. Both of these are traditionally regarded as individual tasks and conducted separately. Actually, these two tasks are related. Greater performance of an advanced manufacturing system can be achieved if process planning and inspection planning can be performed concurrently to manage the limited manufacturing resources. Since the product variety in batch production or job-shop production will be increased for satisfying the changing requirements of various customers, the specified tolerance of each quality characteristic will vary from time to time. Except for finite manufacturing resource constraints, the manufacturing capability, inspection capability, and tolerance specified by customer requirement are also considered for a customized manufacturing system in this research. Then, the unit cost model is constructed to represent the overall performance of an advanced manufacturing system by considering both internal and external costs. Process planning and inspection planning can then be concurrently solved by practically reflecting the customer requirements. Since determining the optimal manufacturing resource allocation plan seems to be impractical as the problem size becomes quite large, in this research, genetic algorithm is successfully applied with the realistic unit cost embedded. The performance of genetic algorithm is measured in comparison with the enumeration method that generates the optimal solution. The result shows that a near-optimal manufacturing resource allocation plan can be determined efficiently for meeting the changing requirement of customers as the problem size becomes quite large.     

基于制造资源能力的装夹工艺分层设计技术

为发展创成式的计算机辅助工艺设计,研究了计算机辅助工艺设计系统中工件装夹规划的自动生成算法.基于扩展有向图,建立了零件的公差信息和基准-加工特征关系的数学表示模型,基于公差分析和制造资源能力模型,建立了从单件层到多件层的工件装夹工艺生产算法.该数学模型和算法可自动识别工件的加工特征、装夹基准,并根据制造资源能力和公差分析对装夹进行优化分组,实现装夹分组对工件加工精度的影响最小化,进而生成装夹规程.最后以实例证明了该方法的可行性.