引德国甜菜ST21916的选育

甜菜二倍体多粒雄性不育杂交种ST21916是德国斯特儒博公司选育,2009年由武威三农种业科技有限公司引进甘肃,经2009 - 2011年参加甘肃甜菜品种区域试验,平均块根产量比对照甘糖五号增加22％,平均含糖率比对照提高0.33度,平均产糖量比对照增加24％.在2011年生产试验中,平均块根产量、含糖率和产糖量分别比对照增加22％、0.06度、22％,该品种丰产、含糖率稳定,抗(耐)甜菜丛根病、黄化毒病和褐斑病.2012年1月通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审(认)定.     

关于增甘膦对甜菜催熟增糖效果的研究

甜菜的单位面积产量,决定于块根产量和根中含糖率两个因素。提高块根含糖率,是增加产糖量的重要途径之一。选育高糖品种,增施磷肥,提高栽培水平等均能增加根中糖分,从而增加产糖量。据有关资料报导,增甘膦是近年来国外用来提高甘蔗含糖率的有效植物生长调节     

甜菜(Beta Vulgaris L·)不同类型品种蔗糖代谢酶活性的变化及其与糖分含量关系的初步研究

本实验研究了四个不同类型品种的甜菜在生育前期叶片和叶柄中的蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶酶活性的变化特点及其与蔗糖含量的关系,并探讨了对生长发育和块根含糖率的影响。叶柄中蔗糖合成酶活性在不同类型品种间存在着差异。表现为丰产型品种大于高糖型品种,通过成对样本差异显著性测定达到了极显著程度(3.39867≤T≤5.06725P_(0.01)=3.25)。另外,14—18叶期叶柄中的蔗糖合成酶活性与收获期块根含糖率呈极显著负相关γ=—0.4847(α=0.005)。据此,甜菜生育前期叶柄中的蔗糖合成酶活性可作为选育或鉴定高糖型品种的参考指标。根据叶柄中蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性大于叶片,且蔗糖含量也是叶柄显著高于叶片的事实,甜菜叶柄中存在着蔗糖合成的过程。     

钾对甜菜干物质积累分配及产量的影响

施钾有利于甜菜干物质积累,随着施钾量的增加,干物质积累亦增加,二者呈极显著的正相关,γ=0.9927**.钾对甜菜T/R值(冠根比)有调控作用.当甜菜进入块根增长期以后,T/R值随施钾量增加而降低,这有利于块根增长和糖分积累.施钾量与甜菜块根产量和含糖率均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为γ=0.952*、γ=0.9504*,施钾量超过K100的处理后,甜菜产量、含糖率的差异均不显著,因此施钾量以K100为宜.     

德国糖用甜菜SD12830引种研究报告

SD12830是从以二倍体单粒雄性不育系Nx12＊P6为母本,二倍体多粒授粉系＊U23为父本．按母、父本3：1比例配制杂交育成。经两年在甘肃省各甜菜原料产区试验表明：SD12830与对照品种相比．平均块根产量增加21．0％,平均含糖率比对照品种提高0．72度,平均产糖量比对照品种增加26．2％：生产试验结果表明：平均块根产量比当地品种增产22．0％,平均含糖率比当地对照品种提高0．44度,平均产糖量比当地对照品种增加26．0％;该品种块根产量高,含糖稳定,糖汁纯度高,工艺品质好,抗甜菜丛根病、褐斑病、黄化毒病能力强,达到甘肃省甜菜新品种标准。     

2012国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2012年国家甜菜品种区域试验部分品种试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值（Vu）ij、变异系数（iCKvu）,并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明：在被测品种中,SD13829、H11059、DS8040的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较好,具有较广泛的适应性：SD13829产糖量水平较高,含糖率水平较低,有很大的使用价值;H11059产糖量水平中等,含糖率水平较高,有很大的使用价值;DS8040产糖量和含糖率水平一般,在生产上有很大的使用价值。KWS6167的产糖量稳定性较好,含糖率稳定性一般,产糖量和含糖率水平较高,在生产上应用有明显的优势。H11003、Beta176的产糖量和含糖率稳定性一般：H11003产糖量水平一般,含糖率水平较高,含糖性状有优势;Beta176的产糖量水平较高,含糖率水平较低,丰产性状有优势。2009—20的产糖量稳定性一般,含糖率稳定性较差,产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,高糖性状有利用价值。TYD111、HDTY03的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较差：TYD111产糖量和含糖率水平较低,没有利用优势;HDTY03的产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平一般,没有明显的利用优势。     

甜菜新品种吉甜205的选育

甜菜新品种吉甜２０５是由ＳＢ－１０２、ＳＣ－２０３两个自交系杂交而成的二倍体品种。该品种块根产量较高，含糖性状稳定，抗（耐）褐斑病能力强。在吉林省区域试验表现块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别比对照品种范育一号提高１０．２％，０．５度、１３．５％，在吉林省生产示范块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别比范育一号提高２８．５％、０．５度、３７．４％。是一个抗褐斑病能力较强、标准偏丰产型甜菜新品种。     

外引甜菜抗丛根病品种在我省的表现及利用途径探讨

通过三年三点甜菜丛根病（Rhizomania中等发病地块和严重发病地块试验表明：德国引进的6个抗甜菜丛根病雄性不育系杂交税均具有较高的抗病性，其块根产量、糖产量分别比对照工农二号平均增产419．8％和463．3％，含糖率增加3．9度；外引雄性不育系与自育自交系酪制的7个杂交种块根产量和糖产量的平均对照优势为399．2％和650．3％，含糖率较对照品种增加4．5度；自有的6个抗病品系块根产量、含糖率和糖产量显著高于对照品种，继续定向选择，可以获得抗病的品系供有种利用或直接应用于生产．本文还通过有种实践对外引抗丛根病材料可能的利用…     

甜菜多倍体新品种中甜-工大321的选育

甜菜新品种中甜-工大321（原代号为轻工糖F68）为标准偏高糖型杂交种，以四倍体For为母本，二倍体268中的三个系号（1：1：1）作父本，父母本按1：3比例杂交选育而成。在1999—2001年全国甜菜品种区域试验中，中甜-工大321其块根产量、含糖率、产糖量三年平均分别比对照提高-5．09％、1．76度、5．67％。2002年，在甜菜品种生产示范试验中，中甜-工大321其块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别比对照提高-2．6％、1．63度、5．9％。该品种适应性好、抗病性强、块根品质优良且含糖高，适宜在新疆、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江等省区种植。     

甜菜新品种甘糖二号的选育

甜菜新品种甘糖二号是以两个抗病高糖吕系为亲本育成的普通二倍体品种。该品种的主要特点是含糖率高，抗黄化毒病和白粉病。经多年的品比试验，区域试验及生产试验其块根产量，含糖率及产糖量分别比对照品种提高９．５％，０．８９％，１４．０％，是一个标准型甜菜新品种．     

甜菜叶片表型与其产质量的关系

甜菜生产用种主要依靠进口,来源不同的品种表型各异,甜菜高产高糖的表型特征,是育种和栽培管理最直观和简捷的指标.本研究利用丰产和高糖两种类型的2对甜菜品种为材料,通过连续两年对不同类型甜菜营养生长期叶片的形态指标进行比较,分析各指标与甜菜产量和含糖的关系.研究结果表明,丰产型甜菜品种在整个生育期的叶片长度和生育前期叶面积...     

Physico‐chemical and technological studies on sugar beet roots

The morphological and chemical characteristics of ten varieties of sugar beet roots were evaluated during the season of 1996–1997. The best morphological characteristics were found in Top, Ito and Pamela varieties. The highest expected technological yield of sugar was found in Pamela and Top. The chemical constituents of different varieties of sugar‐beet roots showed significant differences. The suitability of sugar beet juice for preparing beet syrup as a new product was also evaluated and compared with sugar cane syrup. Purified beet‐syrups concentrated under vacuum or under atmospheric pressure showed more stability during storage than sugar cane syrup. The effect of storage conditions (at cold storage and at room temperature) and packaging materials (glass and polyethylene high‐density bottles) on properties of beet‐syrup and sugar cane syrup were also studied.     

Physico-chemical and technological studies on sugar beet roots

The morphological and chemical characteristics of ten varieties of sugar beet roots were evaluated during the season of 1996-1997. The best morphological characteristics were found in Top, Ito and Pamela varieties. The highest expected technological yield of sugar was found in Pamela and Top. The chemical constituents of different varieties of sugar-beet roots showed significant differences. The suitability of sugar beet juice for preparing beet syrup as a new product was also evaluated and compared with sugar cane syrup. Purified beet-syrups concentrated under vacuum or under atmospheric pressure showed more stability during storage than sugar cane syrup. The effect of storage conditions (at cold storage and at room temperature) and packaging materials (glass and polyethylene high-density bottles) on properties of beet-syrup and sugar cane syrup were also studied.     

饲用甜菜块根组分研究

随着畜牧业的发展,饲料作物的研究越来越引起人们的重视.饲用甜菜作为一种新型饲料作物逐渐为人们所认同.由于饲用甜菜块根组分高低对其饲用价值影响较大,本研究对块根中含糖率、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分分别利用国标法进行测定,结果表明:两份饲用甜菜与糖用甜菜双丰319相比,块根含糖率较低,但粗纤维、粗蛋白和灰分含量均比糖用甜菜高,粗脂肪含量稍低,其差异达到0.01极显著水平;饲用甜菜KSL的含糖率比GSL -1高1.2°S,但粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量均比GSL -1低,经方差分析表明,两份饲用甜菜的含糖率和粗脂肪之间的差异达0.05显著水平,而粗纤维、粗蛋白和灰分的差异达0.01极显著水平.因此,从甜菜块根组分来看,GSL -1的含量指标恰好利于饲用甜菜的饲用价值,可将其作为亲本进一步进行选育改造.     

甜菜多倍体品种的重要农艺性状鉴定与评价

对生产上应用的15个多倍体甜菜品种的主要农艺性状进行了研究，方差分析表明它们在根产量、含糖率、产糖量3个性状的表现不同，根产量性状与对照差异不显著；含糖率性状与对照有1个品种达到显著水平，有4个品种达到极显著水平；产糖量性状与对照相比有1个品种达到显著水平，2个品种达到极显著水平。褐斑病性状差异不明显。甜研系列普通多倍体品种的经济性状表现总体上优于其它供试品种：遗传单粒型多倍体品种的各项经济性状指标相对较差。遗传相关性分析表明，除褐斑病级与根产量、含糖率及产糖量呈负相关外，其余3个性状间呈现正相关关系。     

新疆不同产地甜菜块根中元素含量的主成分和聚类分析

综合比较、评价新疆不同产区甜菜的质量。通过对新疆5大产区甜菜块根品质相关的元素(K、Na、B、N、P、Mg、Fe、Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu)的测定,以上述11个成分的含量为指标,运用相关性、主成分(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)法对不同产地的34个甜菜进行综合质量评价研究。结果表明,不同产地甜菜中元素含量有明显差异,K、Na、B、N、P、Mg、Fe、Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu的平均含量分别为:2821.1、710.0、19.8、4855.2、736.9、2362.1、58.7、2590.1、58.7、602.0、18.7 mg/kg;主成分分析得出一个3因子模型,解释了试验数据的79.45%;第1、2主成分的方差累积贡献率达67.23%;PCA和CA分析将34个甜菜样品划分为5类,在一定程度上体现了甜菜样品的亲缘关系和地域分布特征。通过测定若干元素含量数据,利用PCA和CA清晰地揭示了新疆甜菜不同产地的规律性和差异性。     

国家甜菜区试品种的丰产性稳定性分析

用品种稳定性参数和高稳系数（HSC），对2003～2004年国家甜菜品种区试中7个品种在甘肃武威黄羊镇地区和酒泉地区的试验结果进行综合分析，结果表明：7个参试品种中H10135、KWS3418的根产量分别比对照陇糖2号增产27．19％和22．80％，且达到极显著水平；含糖率比对照略低或持平；产糖量分别比对照增产28．46％和21．55％，达到极显著和显著水平；有较强的抗黄化毒病和白粉病特性，稳定性强，具有较高的应用价值，适宜在甘肃省河西走廊甜菜产区种植。     

应用AMMI模型分析甜菜品种产糖量的稳定性

应用AMMI模型分析4个甜菜品种在4个密度下的产糖量变化。从AMMI双标图可以直观地看到基因型与密度交互模式。根据Di值界定甜菜基因型产糖量稳定性指标；根据Dj值界定甜菜不同密度下基因型产糖量的鉴别指标。结果表明：吉甜304是高产糖量稳定型基因型；52500株／hm^2～67500株／hm^2是较适宜的应用密度。     

Molecular Characterization and Quantification of Saponins from Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima)

Consumer demand for sustainably and ecologically produced food has grown in recent years. However, for numerous reasons, this demand has not always been met. New solutions are still being sought, particularly in the area of emulsifiers, an integral ingredient of many food products. The biggest challenge is the limited scope of application offered by current alternatives. While some progress has been made using foam active quillaja saponins, they are neither pleasant-tasting nor sustainably produced. Only very little is known about other alternatives, and especially the behavior of saponins, particularly on a molecular level, is not very well understood. Moreover, it is often not known which parts of a plant contain the highest levels of saponins and are therefore most suitable for extraction. To expand the current level of knowledge about emulsifying and foam active extracts, saponin extracts were made from oat bran, beetroot as well as sugar beet and characterized in close cooperation with the Department of Food Physics and Meat Science at the University of Hohenheim. Measurements conducted on these extracts showed that foam activity is a good indicator of their emulsifying ability. The most promising one - sugar beet extract - was examined in more detail using taste dilution analysis, which revealed saponin fractions with a slight off-taste and high foam activity. A series of eight saponins was obtained from these fractions and further characterized, together with three commercially available ones that were identified using non-targeted screening. The unequivocal identification and structure elucidation was performed using a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For most substances, this was the first time that a complete assignment of ¹H and ¹³C NMR signals had been made. All of these saponins possess taste recognition values above 1000 μmol/L, which is higher than most values for the taste- active saponins reported in the literature. The foam activity of these substances was measured using a self-developed small-scale foam activity assay. It was measured for different concentrations of saponins in a buffer solution. The foam activity of numerous other saponins was also determined, resulting in the most comprehensive overview of the foam activities of individual saponins. In addition to these isolation and characterization activities, an LC-MS/MS method of performing simultaneous quantitative analyses of all the obtained sugar beet saponins was developed and validated. These were quantified in several sugar beet varieties (root and leaves), different sugar beet compartments, and side streams originating during the sugar beet converting process. Great variations in mass fractions were found in these materials, ranging from 862 mg/kg to 2,452 mg/kg for the various sugar beet root varieties and from 907 mg/kg to 5,398 mg/kg for the sugar beet leave varieties. Sugar beet fiber was identified as the best saponin source, with a total saponin quantity of 12.7 g/kg, followed by dried sugar beet pulp, with a total quantity of 10.3 g/kg. As a by-product stream, dried sugar beet pulp is highly suitable for the sustainable manufacture of saponins. The results obtained are of key significance to the utilization of sugar beet saponins as well as saponins extracted from other plant materials or by-product streams for use as food additives.     

外源激素处理对甜菜农艺性状及产质量的影响

以甜菜丰产型品种“SD13829”和高糖型品种“04BS02”为材料,研究了喷施2,4-D、GA3、6-BA、ABA 4种外源激素对甜菜农艺性状及产质量的影响.结果表明,GA3能促进株高的增长,ABA抑制株高的增长和叶面积的扩大.2,4-D能促进叶面积的扩大.6-BA、2,4-D和GA3能不同程度地提高地上部干物质积累量.在甜菜生育后期喷施ABA明显抑制甜菜地上部生长,促进地下部干物质积累;喷施2,4-D会造成地下部干物质减少.在块根增长期喷施4种外源激素均能提高块根鲜重,但对两品种含糖率无影响.在糖分积累期喷施4种外源激素对单株根重无明显影响,喷施2,4-D降低了两品种的含糖率,喷施ABA提高了两品种的含糖率.