10%除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的小菜蛾

１９９８年对１０％除尽悬浮液防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾进行田间试验结果表明,１０％除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的效果好于防治小菜蛾,以１５００倍的使用剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾,３天后田间防效分别为９５．５３％和８５．４９％。建议大田可使用１５００倍剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和使用１０００倍剂量防治小菜蛾。     

氯氰菊酯防治甜菜夜蛾药效试验

田间试验结果表明，在甜菜夜蛾低龄虫高峰期，１０％氯氰菊酯乳油８００、１０００、１５００倍液对甜菜夜蛾药后１天的防治效果达８９％以上，药后５天达９８％以上。该药剂田间使用以１５００倍液为宜。     

农地乐52．25％乳油防治甜菜夜蛾田间药效试验与示范

试验结果表明,农地乐 ５２．２５ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾速效性好于对照药剂抑太保和除尽,药后 １ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液达 ８０％以上,５００倍液达 ９０％以上。药后 ７ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液为 ９１．４％～９３．３％,与抑太保 １０％乳油 １０００倍液相当;５００倍液为 ９６．７％,与除尽相当。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾的持效期为 ７～８天。农地乐对作物安全。示范面积２．１× １０３ｈｍ２,平均防 效达 ８５％以上。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ已成为冀东防治甜菜夜蛾的首选药剂。     

灭多威,氧乐菊酯防治麦蚜,甘蓝夜蛾效果试验

小麦蚜虫、甘蓝夜蛾是危害本区小麦、甜菜的主要害虫，大发生年份造成损失达３０％以上。为解决大田长期使用氧乐果引起害虫抗药性增加的问题。作者对灭多威、氧乐菊酯进行了大田药效试验。结果表明，两种杀虫剂防治麦蚜、甘蓝夜蛾的效果均优于氧乐果，可作为替代药剂。灭多威采用１５００￣２０００倍，氧乐菊酯采用２５００￣３０００倍。     

0.25%佳维素EC对小菜蛾等五种害虫的药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明，0.25%佳维素EC对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾、菜青虫和茶黄螨均具有良好的防治效果。与1.8%虫螨克相比，0.25%佳维素对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾、菜青虫和茶黄螨的防治效果明显高于1.8%虫螨克，其2000倍液对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾的防效均与1.8%虫螨克1000倍液的防效相当，其2500倍液与1.8%虫螨克2000倍液对菜青虫的防效相当，其3000倍液和4000倍液对茶黄螨的防效分别与1.8%虫螨克2000倍液和3000倍液相当。     

5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾药效试验

对5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾进行了田间药效试验.结果表明,当5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂的使用剂量为30 mL/667 m2、35 mL/667 m2和40 mL/667 m2时,施药后ld对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾的防效分别达65.42％、69.97％和72.83％;施药后3d分别为68.71％、72.34％和80.16％;施药后7d分别为72.02％、76.29％和84.06％.5％氟铃脲·阿维菌素水乳剂在试验剂量下对甘蓝甜菜夜蛾防效高,对作物安全.     

溴氟菊酯防治大豆食心虫,大豆蚜,甘蓝夜蛾试验

１９９２～１９９５年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油对大豆食心虫、大豆蚜、甘蓝夜蛾进行了小区试验。结果表明，该药对上述三种害虫具有良好的防效。ｌ０００倍液对大豆食心虫防治效果与２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液相当，达到３９２．９％以上；用１０００～２０００倍液防治大豆蚜，药后７天防效达８８．５％以上；用５００～１５００倍液防治甘蓝夜蛾，药后７天均达到了８４．６％以上的防治效果。而且对作物安全。     

除尽等农药防治茶树甜菜夜蛾药效试验

田间试验结果表明：10%除尽SC、1%奥绿1号SC对茶树上的甜菜夜蛾均具有很强的杀伤作用，防效极显著高于20%菊马乳油EC、20%灭扫利EC，是防治甜菜夜蛾的有效杀虫剂。     

噻虫酰胺对5种鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫活性研究

噻虫酰胺,试验代号JS9117,是江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司于2009年创制发现的新型邻杂环苯甲酰胺类化合物。以氯虫苯甲酰胺为对照药剂,采用浸叶碟饲喂法、浸虫法及综合法等处理小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、二化螟等幼虫,研究了噻虫酰胺的杀虫活性。结果表明,噻虫酰胺对5种鳞翅目昆虫具有高活性,对小菜蛾的活性是氯虫苯甲酰胺的1.58～1.83倍,对甜菜夜蛾是0.64～4.87倍,对斜纹夜蛾是1.04～1.34倍,对棉铃虫是1.36～1.98倍,对二化螟是0.23～1.33倍。本研究为噻虫酰胺的进一步研发和应用提供了参考。     

河北农大成功研制10％溴虫腈水乳剂

溴虫腈是一种含有三氟甲基吡咯结构的新型杀虫剂,作用机制独特,可有效防治小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、甘蓝夜蛾、菜蚜等害虫,对抗氨基甲酸酯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的害虫和害螨具有较高的防效,尤其对抗性小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾防效突出,具有广阔的市场前景。目前,国内外已开发出溴虫腈悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、微乳剂和乳油等剂型,但水乳剂的开发尚未成功。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.