Sensorless IPMSM position estimation based on multi SVPWM with elimination of inverter nonlinear effects

This paper presents a position‐sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) control system at low and zero speed based on a multi‐space‐vector pulse‐width modulation (MSVPWM) pattern with the elimination of nonlinear inverter effects. In conventional sensorless methods based on the MSVPWM pattern, the high‐frequency (HF) components of voltage and current are used to estimate the rotor position information. However, the inverter nonlinear effects, such as forward voltage drops and deadtime, distort the HF components of the voltage and current so that an error occurs in the position estimation. Therefore, an improved position estimation scheme is developed in this paper. The compensated HF components of the voltage taking account of the inverter nonlinear effects can be used to decrease the estimation error. The proposed method can be implemented without increasing any hardware cost. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Voltage Limiter Calculation Method for Fast Torque Response of IPMSM in Overmodulation Range

In this paper, a voltage limiter calculation method for fast torque response of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) when an inverter operates in the overmodulation range is considered. The relation between the torque response of an IPMSM and the voltage phase angle in the overmodulation range is analyzed and, based on this relation, the optimal voltage limiter calculation method that can be realized by real‐time calculation is proposed. By using the proposed method, torque response of an IPMSM can be improved nearly twice as fast as the case of conventional methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the simulation and experimental results. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analysis of permanent-magnet machine for sensorless control based on high-frequency signal injection

This paper presents the analysis of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SMPM) machine for the sensorless control scheme based on the high-frequency fluctuating voltage signal injection method. A simplified high-frequency model of an SMPM machine in the estimated rotor reference frame is developed and a sensorless rotor position and speed estimation algorithm is described. To support this, the high-frequency impedances of an SMPM machine are analyzed by finite-element analysis (FEA) and compared with measurement results using a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter system under various injection conditions. The results of the FEA and measurements are coincident with each other with some errors due to the nonlinear behavior of the PWM inverter and the SMPM machine. The analysis results give physical insights into selecting the injection conditions for sensorless operation of the SMPM machine even though adjustments considering nonlinear behaviors of PWM inverters are required in the actual operation for the desired performance. The experimental results of speed and position control using a commercial SMPM machine are presented based on the analysis of the SMPM machine for the sensorless control algorithm.     

多电平逆变器多载波PWM调制策略的研究

介绍了多电平逆变器的思想,对多电平逆变器不同的拓扑结构进行了比较,研究和分析了用于多电平逆变器不同的多载波PWM调制策略.通过对未滤波的逆变器输出电压的谐波分析,对不同调制方法在线性调制区的谐波特性进行了比较.同时,也提出了一种混合的调制策略.分析了不同调制策略在不同的电平数下所具有的特性.讨论了逆变器电平数的增加对于输出电压频谱的影响,也研究了过调制对于输出电压频谱的影响.     

无传感器永磁同步电机调速系统高速运行性能研究

在永磁同步电机—压缩机系统高速运行时,传统的SVPWM控制无法使电机获得最大的输出转矩。同时,由于工作环境的限制,系统无法安装位置传感器。针对以上特点,本文采用模型参考自适应方法辨识电机转子位置,并采用单模式过调制算法控制逆变器,实现了无传感器过调制永磁同步电机矢量控制系统。仿真和实验结果表明,本文所采用的控制方法不仅可以实现永磁同步电机-压缩机系统的高速稳定运行,而且有效地提高了系统的带负载能力。     

无电压限幅环节的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制技术

在电机高速弱磁或过载要求高的情况下,需要通过脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的过调制运行提高直流母线电压利用率。基于磁链观测的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制(磁场导向控制,FOC)技术具有算法简单、易实现等优点,但在过调制的情况下电压限幅环节会引起磁链观测及转子位置角估算误差。为提高PWM过调制情况下系统的控制性能,对传统的FOC控制框图进行了改进,省去了电压限幅环节并利用由占空比计算的实际电压对定子磁链进行估算。MATLAB仿真验证了改进方法的有效性。研究结果表明:该方法充分利用PWM调制自有的限幅特性,既能简化控制算法又能提高磁链观测精度,具有较好的技术经济性能。     

感应电机弱磁调速时SVPWM过调制策略研究

以提高感应电机弱磁调速时逆变器输出电压为目标,提出了一种新的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)线性过调制策略。结合交流异步电机磁场定向闭环控制的特点,在SVPWM过调制区域Ⅱ中采用一种线性幅值跟随过调制策略,而在过调制区域Ⅲ中采用了6步法,从而保证SVPWM在整个过调制区域都能获得最大调制比。实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高逆变器输出电压,有利于扩大弱磁调速系统基速以上的调速范围。     

载波频率成分法估算IPMSM转子位置的误差分析

研究了一种利用PWM逆变器载波频率成分信号进行内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)转子位置估算的方法。逆变器应用三相三角载波SPWM调制方式,通过检测载波频率成分电流(CFCC)的包络线估算出电机的转子位置。分析了电机转速、直流母线电压、逆变器载波频率等因素对转子位置估算误差的影响。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现对电机转子位置的准确估算,所构建的IPMSM无位置传感器矢量控制系统具有良好的动、静态性能。在此基础上对影响转子位置估算误差的相关因素进行了仿真和实验验证,结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

A Restart Control Method for Position Sensorless PMSM Drive Systems Without Potential Transformer for Railway Vehicle Traction

This paper proposes a restart control method for position sensorless PMSM drive systems without a potential transformer for railway vehicle traction. This method can estimate the initial rotor speed and position under coasting conditions over the entire speed range. The method can also be used when the back‐EMF voltage is higher than the inverter DC link voltage. The proposed method is verified by experiments using a 200‐kW PMSM.     

基于无滤波器方波信号注入的永磁同步电机初始位置检测方法

针对无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)初始位置检测中,传统的基于凸极跟踪的短脉冲电压注入法难以确定脉冲宽度和幅值、实现困难、二次谐波分量法信噪比低的缺点,提出一种基于无滤波器方波信号注入的IPMSM初始位置检测方法。首先通过向观测的转子d轴注入高频方波电压信号,采用无滤波器载波信号分离方法解耦位置误差信息,通过位置跟踪器获取磁极位置初定值;然后基于磁饱和效应,通过施加方向相反的d轴电流偏置给定,比较d轴高频电流响应幅值大小实现磁极极性辨识;最后,通过2.2k W IPMSM矢量控制系统对提出的基于无滤波器方波信号注入的初始位置检测方法进行实验验证。结果表明,所提方法收敛速度较快,可在IPMSM转子静止或自由运行状态实现初始位置辨识和低速可靠运行,位置观测误差最大值为6.9°。     

Dynamic overmodulation characteristics of triangle intersection PWMmethods

In this paper, the dynamic overmodulation characteristics of current-regulated carrier-based high-performance pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage-source inverter drives are investigated. Dynamic and steady-state overmodulation operating modes are clearly distinguished, and the requirements for obtaining high performance in each mode are shown to be significantly different. Dynamic overmodulation characteristics of the modern triangle intersection PWM methods are modeled and shown to be unique for each method. The study reveals space-vector PWM (SVPWM) exhibits a minimum voltage magnitude error characteristic. It also indicates all the advanced triangle intersection PWM methods, including SVPWM, have limited dynamic overmodulation performance. To enhance the performance, an algorithm with superior performance is adapted from the direct digital PWM approach. Detailed induction motor drive simulations and experimental results illustrate the characteristics of modern triangle intersection PWM methods and the performance gained with the new dynamic overmodulation algorithm     

基于SVPWM过调制的超前角弱磁控制永磁同步电机的策略研究

研究了电动车用内置式永磁同步电机的控制策略,提出了超前角弱磁控制与空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)过调制结合的控制系统。超前角弱磁控制使用转速、电流和电压的3个闭环控制,电机端电压与直流侧电压组成电压控制环,产生电机弱磁的电流超前角直接给定交直轴电流。SVPWM过调制算法可以有效提高逆变器输出电压基波幅值,电机使用弱磁控制方式达到最大转速后使逆变器进入过调制状态,最大限度扩大转速范围。对该控制系统进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

IPMSM Position Sensorless Drives Using Robust Adaptive Observer on Stationary Reference Frame

This paper presents a novel sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using adaptive observer on a stationary reference frame with its design and some experiments of position sensorless control. In sensorless control of IPMSM, adaptive observer structure and its design remain as one of the open problems. This is because the linear model on the stationary reference frame for IPMSM has not been established so far. As a result, the construction of an adaptive observer seems to be complicated owing to nonlinearity of the IPMSM model. From this viewpoint, a novel linear model of IPMSM on a stationary reference frame is first described in this paper. Second, an adaptive observer design is proposed based on γ‐positive real problem, yielding realization of both robust position estimation and robustly stable speed adaptation with respect to speed adaptation delay. Finally, some experiments with and without load torque at low and middle speed ranges are shown to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed system. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.     

一种新型Buck-Boost光伏逆变器研究

提出一种新型单级Buck-Boost光伏逆变器拓扑结构.该拓扑仅需5个功率开关和2个电力二极管,无需 直流分裂电容,开关频率低,通过调节占空比可在1个功率级内产生幅值高于或低于输入直流电压的交流电压,适用于AC模块.详细分析了所提逆变器的工作原理,并利用状态空间平均法建立了系统数学模型.采用SPWM控制方法,对系统进行...     

基于自抗扰控制器的内置式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

位置传感器故障是内置式永磁同步电机可靠性降低的重要原因之一。针对无位置传感器算法中滑模观测器存在观测角度滞后和系统抖振的缺陷,提出了一种以自抗扰控制器为核心的无速度传感器控制方法。该方法基于内置式永磁同步电机的扩展反电动势模型,重新设计了适用于其电流内环的自抗扰控制器,使之不再依赖于永磁体磁链参数。针对位置和速度估计问题,系统将扩展反电动势纳入未知扰动,采用状态扩张观测器对其进行估计,最后使用锁相环生成转速和转子位置。仿真和实验结果表明,该控制策略能够准确估计电机转子位置,并具有很好的稳态性能。     

变频器驱动系统滤波器设计研究

由于PWM逆变器输出的脉冲电压在电机接线端子及绕组上产生了差模电压和共模电压;特别是当逆变器通过长线电缆与电机连接时,会在电机端产生电压反射现象,从而在电机端形成很大的过电压,危害电气设备的安全运行。通过对PWM逆变器驱动电机系统产生差模和共模电压机理分析的研究,在变频器输出端抑制电机端差模电压的RLC滤波器的基础上,提出一种改进型变频器输出端无源滤波器的方案,并给出了参数的设计方法。该滤波器可对共模及差模电压同时起到抑制作用,仿真结果验证了该滤波器设计方案的有效性,为变频器驱动系统滤波器设计研究提供理论依据。     

电压型PWM逆变器输出误差分析及其补偿

由于死区时间和电力电子器件IGBT非理想特性的影响 ,PWM逆变器存在输出误差 ,使得众多的调速方案在低速运行时性能不佳或无法实现调速。本文详细分析死区时间和IGBT非理想特性对输出电压的影响 ,提出测量IGBT非理想特性方法和输出误差补偿法 ,并通过实验验证了误差补偿法的有效性。     

Speed sensorless torque control of an IPMSM drive with online stator resistance estimation using reduced order EKF

Speed sensorless control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on direct torque control (DTC) is proposed in this paper. The rotor speed and position of the IPMSM are estimated based on an active flux concept, where, the active flux vector position is identical to the rotor position. The proposed algorithm does not require neither high frequency injection signal nor complicated schemes even at vary low speed operation. Torque/ flux sliding mode controller (SMC) combined with space vector modulation is proposed to improve the performance of the classical DTC. Stator resistance value is required for a stator flux and electromagnetic torque estimation. Its variation due to temperature or frequency degrades the scheme performance, especially, at low speed operation. To overcome this problem, a reduced order extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to update online the stator resistance. The advantages of the direct torque control, sliding mode controller, and speed sensorless control are incorporated in the proposed scheme. Simulation works are carried out to show the ability of the proposed scheme at different operating conditions. The results demonstrate the activity of the scheme at wide range speed operation with load disturbance and parameters variation.     

Speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drivefor the flux weakening operation

A novel flux-weakening scheme for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is proposed. This is implemented based on the output of the synchronous PI current regulator-reference voltage to the PWM inverter. The onset of flux weakening and the flux level are adjusted inherently by the outer voltage regulation loop to prevent saturation of the current regulator. Attractive features of this flux weakening scheme include no dependency on the machine parameters. The guarantee of current regulation at any operating condition, and smooth and fast transition into and out of the flux weakening mode. Experimental results at various operating conditions including the case of detuned parameters are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme