纳米晶Cu8SnTe6的合成及半导体性能研究

分别采用微波溶剂热法和溶剂热法合成出纳米晶Cu8SnTe6,并比较得出微波溶剂热法制备的纳米晶晶化效果好,粒径细小.通过化学分析和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段表征其组成,研究其结构.讨论了反应时间和有机溶剂填充度等反应条件对该纳米晶产率和粒径的影响,探讨了微波溶剂热法合成机理.紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)表明,该纳米晶禁带宽度为1.77 eV,具有优良的半导体性能.     

纳米晶Cu8SnTe6的合成及半导体性能研究

分别采用微波溶剂热法和溶剂热法合成出纳米晶Cu8SnTe6,并比较得出微波溶剂热法制备的纳米晶晶化效果好,粒径细小.通过化学分析和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段表征其组成,研究其结构.讨论了反应时间和有机溶剂填充度等反应条件对该纳米晶产率和粒径的影响,探讨了微波溶剂热法合成机理.紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)表明,该纳米晶禁带宽度为1.77 eV,具有优良的半导体性能.     

银纳米线的改进溶剂热法合成与表征

采用溶剂热法和晶种法相结合的改进方法,以硝酸银为银源,乙二醇为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂和分散剂,制备银纳米颗粒晶种,进而在溶剂热环境中合成了高均匀性的银纳米线。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)对产物的尺寸形貌、晶体结构以及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,利用改进的溶剂热法制备的银纳米线具有较高的长径比,尺寸分布均匀,分散性良好,具有优异的等离激元共振吸收特性。     

太阳能电池中单分散性PbSe量子点的微波法合成和表征(英文)

量子点PbSe被提出能应用于太阳能电池中,采用微波方法,用乙二醇作为溶剂来合成单分散性的纳米晶体PbSe,并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜、同步热分析仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜,X射线能谱仪来表征。实验证明,在PbSe的合成过程中,乙二醇是良好的还原剂和分散剂。     

微波法合成ZrO_2和Y-ZrO_2纳米晶体与表征

用微波法在乙醇介质中合成二氧化锆(ZrO2)和6种不同含量的钇稳定二氧化锆(YSZ)纳米晶体,样品经过不同温度的煅烧,分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、EDS元素分析、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和比表面积(BET)等手段进行晶体结构和微观形态的研究。结果表明,用微波法在160℃左右可一步合成二氧化锆纳米晶体,掺杂不同含量的钇可控制二氧化锆的结构从单斜相过渡到立方相。四方相和立方相晶型的YSZ在高温下结构稳定,仍为纳米晶粒,表现了良好的热稳定性。并提出了微波法在乙醇介质中合成二氧化锆的机理。     

Cu_3SbS_3纳米棒的制备及形成机理

以CuCl2作为铜源,SbCl3作为锑源,L-胱氨酸作硫源和模板剂,采用生物分子辅助溶剂热法在200℃下反应12h,合成了Cu3SbS3纳米棒状结构。探讨了反应温度、反应时间等因素对产物的物相、结构形貌的影响,通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等仪器对所得产物进行了表征,结果表明:所合成的产物Cu3SbS3为典型的立方结构,纳米棒的长度为数微米,直径为100～150nm,并探讨了生物分子辅助溶剂热法合成Cu3SbS3纳米棒可能的形成机理。     

硫化铋纳米棒的制备与表征

以L-胱氨酸为硫源,采用溶剂热法在不同的溶剂中反应,制备出硫化铋(Bi2S3)纳米薄片和纳米棒,采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分别对所合成的Bi2S3晶型结构、表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,所合成的Bi2S3为典型的Bi2S3正交结构。以DMF为溶剂,在160℃下反应5d,得到了长为4000～8000nm、宽为200～300nm的正交相Bi2S3纳米棒。根据实验结果对所合成的Bi2S3的形成机制进行简单探讨。     

纳米晶CaV4O9的水热合成和磁性

采用水热技术合成了CaV4 O9纳米晶。还原水合肼对产物的形成起着关键作用。通过粉末X射线衍射谱 ,X射线光电子能谱 ,透射电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱等分析方法表征了所合成CaV4 O9纳米晶的结构和组成。对其变温磁化率的测量表明产物具有二维量子自旋效应。讨论了化学条件的变化对合成产物的影响     

共沉淀法制备BaMoO_4微米和纳米晶的形貌和光致发光(英文)

通过共沉淀法制备钼酸钡(Ba Mo O4)微米和纳米晶。采用水作为溶剂可得到八面体状的纳米结构。利用X射线衍射、X射线能谱显微分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱对这些纳米晶结构进行表征,使用扫描电镜观察其尺寸和形貌,通过室温下的紫外-可见反射光谱和光致发光测量研究其光学性能。研究温度、溶剂、表面活性剂和钡源对可控形貌的影响,发现这些参数都极大地影响最终产物的形貌、颗粒尺寸和相。     

溶剂热合成长径比可控锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米棒（英文）

通过溶剂热法成功合成具有单分散特性的锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米棒。通过改变实验条件,如:反应温度,合成时间等可以控制纳米棒的长径比。讨论了其晶体生长机制以及其形貌演变规律。为在液相条件下合成形貌可控的纳米晶提供了一种新的方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。