炭材料生产用煤沥青的流变性能

介绍了流体的特性及其表征，描述了煤沥青的流变性能及其在炭材料实际生产中的意义，综述了煤沥青流变性能研究状况。提出了炭材料生产用煤沥青流变性能研究所面临的课题。     

黏结剂用量对炭-石墨材料的影响

在炭-石墨材料制备过程中黏结剂煤沥青用量对材料的各项性能有重要的影响。本文对不同黏结剂煤沥青含量的生坯微观结构,以及炭-石墨材料制备工艺的关键参数进行了研究,为炭-石墨材料的制备提供参考。     

高性能炭材料生产用煤沥青的研究

研究了软化点在评价煤沥青聚合程度中的作用；描述了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青热解缩聚行为，分析了中温煤沥青热聚合改质过程中各种沥青组分随热聚合温度和热聚合时间的转变规律，探讨了QI组分影响煤沥青热聚合改质的机理，认为原料煤沥青所含原生QI炭微粒促进了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青芳烃分子的聚合；描述了煤沥青的流变性能及其在炭材料实际生产中的意义，研究了中温沥青和改质沥青高温流变性能的差异，探讨了硬脂酸和油酸对煤沥青的改性作用；分析了煤沥青的热解缩聚特征，研究了升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响。     

炭／炭复合材料用基体前驱体

本文介绍了炭／炭复合材料用基体前躯体煤沥青的几种改性方法，重点阐述了不同改性方法对煤沥青的残炭率及高温流变性能的影响，指出了开发综合性能优良的改性煤沥青是制备低成本高性能炭／炭复合材料的关键。     

中间相沥青基泡沫炭的研究进展

中间相沥青基泡沫炭是一种具有低密度、高强度、高导热、高导电、耐火、耐高温、抗冲击、抗氧化等性能的新型炭材料,具有广泛的应用前景.不同的原料和方法所制备的沥青基泡沫炭的结构、性能和应用也有所不同,通过对以石油系、萘系和煤沥青或改性煤沥青为原料制备中间相沥青基泡沫炭,讨论了制备工艺对泡沫炭的影响,同时对泡沫炭的改性研究及应用进行了概述.     

煤沥青流变性和煤沥青对炭素骨料焦浸润性的研究

煤沥青的流变性是影响黏结剂对骨料浸润性的重要指标,研究煤沥青的流变性,对制定混捏条件,保障糊料和炭素制品的质量具有指导意义.本文主要研究了煤沥青对炭素骨料石油焦(无烟煤)的浸润性及沥青的流变性能,探讨了煤沥青的黏度与软化点、喹啉不溶物之间的关系,最终找到了炭素材料在混捏过程中最佳混捏的黏度范围,这对提高铝用炭素材料质量,降低阳极消耗,延长铝电解槽寿命将起到积极的推动作用.     

炭材料用前驱体煤沥青的改性

沥青原料对于炭素材料性能有重要的影响,本文介绍了炭材料用前驱体煤沥青的改性方法,对改性机理进行了详细描述,指出了目前煤沥青改性存在的问题以及未来发展的趋势.     

中间相沥青的制备与表征研究进展

中间相沥青是由石油沥青、煤沥青以及其他芳烃类化合物聚合而成的具有各向异性结构的液晶类物质,是制备炭材料的优良前驱体。中间相沥青的制备原料和合成工艺对中间相沥青的性能有显著影响。为了得到理想的中间相沥青产品,研究者们不断改进制备工艺并开发新的制备方法。中间相沥青的性质表征对制备工艺的进一步完善具有重要意义,同时,对后续炭材料能否制备成功起着监测作用。本文综述了中间相沥青的制备方法及表征方法的研究进展,重点介绍了热缩聚、组分优化、加氢改性等制备方法,以及中间相沥青性能的多种表征方法。最后展望了中间相沥青的发展前景。     

自发泡法制备沥青基泡沫炭工艺对其结构性能的影响

在众多的炭材料中,泡沫炭以其优异的物理和化学性能被广泛地应用于化学工程、航天航空、生物工程等领域。沥青基泡沫炭更是成为了泡沫炭材料领域的研究热点。本文就近年来自发泡法制备沥青基泡沫炭的工艺进行综述,分析总结了原料、发泡温度等工艺条件对沥青基泡沫炭结构及性能的影响,简述其形成机理,对沥青基泡沫炭将来的发展进行了展望。     

水处理用炭膜的制备研究

以煤基沥青为原料,通过热处理制得中间相沥青,粉碎后经自粘成型、预氧化、炭化过程制得炭膜,把制得的炭膜用于染料水溶液的分离．通过考察各个工艺条件对炭膜分离性能的影响,确定出制备炭膜的最佳工艺参数．并考察了浸渍法对炭膜分离性能的影响．     

升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响

用TGA对煤沥青的热失重过程进行了研究,分析了煤沥青的热解缩聚特征,并对中温沥青和改质沥青热解缩聚行为进行了比较,研究了升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响,发现快速升温使煤沥青组份更多地分解逸出,不利于提高煤沥青的结焦值。     

电极沥青粘结剂性能评价参数相关性的研究

以两个国外电极沥青粘结剂产品为参考样,选用典型国产原料以热化学改质法和调和法制备出工业分析指标与参考样处于同一水平的两组煤沥青粘结剂试样;对各组粘结剂试样和相应的参考样的元素组成、流变学性质、热动态行为、平均分子量及其分布以及各评价参数间的相关性进行了研究;就引入与其应用性能直接相关的评价因子的可能性进行了探索。     

中国炭材料用煤沥青的生产和应用

介绍了中国煤沥青资源生产和应用现状，剖析了影响煤沥青市场的几个因素，探讨了改质煤沥青的应用前景以及在炭材料生产中应用时面临的问题，讨论了中国煤沥青质量评价体系，并对炭材料生产用煤沥青的质量指标进行了详细的分析。     

A novel method to obtain a petroleum-derived mesophase pitch suitable as carbon fibre precursor

This paper studies a novel method for the preparation of mesophase pitches suitable as carbon fibre precursors. A series of thermally treated petroleum pitches with mesophase contents ranging from 10.8 to 52.2 vol.% was obtained from pitch A-240. Separation of the phases was initially attempted by hot filtration, a suitable method for separating the phases in thermally treated coal-tar pitches. Although filtration failed for the petroleum samples, the behaviour observed led to the development of a new separation method that consists in the sedimentation of the mesophase. This method, after optimisation, yielded pitches with mesophase contents up to 97 vol.%, which were easily spun into carbon fibres of reasonable mechanical properties.     

Determination of pitch volatility

The normalized distillation procedure is not a universal test for measuring the volatility of pitch. It has been found that during this test the liquid sample is exposed to temperatures in excess of 400 °C and decomposes extensively. Therefore, the distillate measured includes not only the low-boiling constituents originally present in the sample but also those formed by thermal decomposition. This has been observed in the case of petroleum pitches and not with coal-tar pitches. A new method has been developed for measuring the volatility of pitches, based on the diffusion through a small orifice into a stream of nitrogen of hydrocarbon vapours emanating from a large-size sample maintained at 200 °C. The hydrocarbons in the stream of nitrogen are measured with a flame-ionization detector. The peak height obtained during this measurement is calibrated against a standard mixture of methane in nitrogen. The signals from it are related to the concentration of volatile hydrocarbons over the heated sample of pitch and are expressed in gram atoms carbon per cubic metre of gas at the temperature of measurement. The volatility method was compared with the distillation test ASTM D-2569 for pitches and evaluation test ASTM D-972-56 for lubricating oils and greases. The procedure was found suitable for routine control testing of hydrocarbon materials (pitches) with very low volatility.     

Structural characterization of pitch feedstocks for coke making: Use of 13C coupled 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy

Several pitches, used to make high-grade cokes, are characterized by ¹³C and ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy. Average molecular parameters of solvent fractions of the pitches indicate distinct differences in molecular structure. Principal differences between A-240 petroleum and medium coal-tar pitches are composition of fractions, aromaticity, degree of aromatic condensation and amount of naphthenic groups. The mild conditions of production of A-240 petroleum pitch leads to the formation of methylene bridges and biaryl linkages between two aromatic moieties in constituent molecules.     

中间相沥青流变参数的测定

本文采用XLY-2型毛细管流变仪和单孔纺丝机对中间相沥青的流变性和可纺性进行了研究。测定了一系列重要的流变学参数;并从分子量大小、族组成分布和显微结构等方面分析了沥青流变性的影响因素。研究表明,中间相沥青的流变特性与其可纺性之间有着密切的关系。最后,还根据Arrhenius方程和高聚物溶液理论提出了中间相沥青表观粘度的四元参数模型。     

The influence of primary QI on the oxidation behaviour of pitch-based C/C composites

Three unidirectional C/C composites were prepared from PAN-based carbon fibres and three coal-tar pitches obtained from the same parent coal-tar pitch but differing in their primary QI content. The effect of the amount of primary QI present in pitches on the air reactivity of pitch-cokes and C/C composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The oxidation of pitch-cokes was performed at 10°C min⁻¹ up to 1000°C. The air reactivity of C/C composites was assessed from the weight loss curves obtained under isothermal conditions in the temperature range of 500 to 575°C for 4 h. The topography of the oxidized composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that pitch-cokes were more reactive than carbon fibres because the presence of QI particles increased their reactivity. With the increase of primary QI content in the pitches, C/C composites showed a higher percentage of carbon matrix, with a finer optical texture, fewer microcracks and less closed porosity. The air reactivity of the composites was affected by both chemical and physical factors, the extent of oxidation determining which of these exerted the greater influence. At low conversions the reactivity was decided by both QI content and the optical texture of the matrix. At high conversions the porosity of the composite was the determining factor.