过共晶Al-22Si合金的切削加工性能研究

采用金属铸造法制备过共晶Al-22Si合金试样块,在光学显微镜上观察细化变质后过共晶Al-22Si合金的微观组织形貌,并测试其布氏硬度值和铣削表面粗糙度.通过正交试验探究轴向切深、进给量、铣刀转速对铣削力的影响.实验结果表明:细化变质后的过共晶Al-22Si合金初晶硅尺寸减小,共晶硅呈短棒状,合金硬度很高,铣削表面粗糙度较小;在铣削加工中,铣刀转速对合金铣削力的影响最大,其次是轴向切深,最小的是进给量.     

喷射成形过共晶Al-Si合金组织、性能的研究进展

过共晶Al-Si合金作为最具代表性的喷射成形材料在轻质、耐热、耐磨结构件,尤其是发动机缸套的工业化生产方面,已获得大量的应用。目前商用化的过共晶Al-Si合金在热稳定性和高温性能方面的不足已成为开发高性能发动机的限制因素,因而也成为近年来各研究机构的主要研究方向。用Fe,Mn,Cr为主的合金化代替传统的以Cu,Mg为主的合金化,使Al2Cu,Al2CuMg等强化相被稳定性更高的α-Al(Fe,TM)Si相所代替,达到了组织和室温、高温性能的双重优化,制备出继PEAK和OSPREY公司之后开发的可应用于更高性能发动机缸套部件的新型过共晶Al-Si合金。     

Zn-10Al-2Cu合金高温热压缩流变行为研究

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对Zn-10Al-2Cu合金在变形温度为150~330℃、变形速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的流变行为进行研究。结果表明:Zn-10Al-2Cu合金在热压缩变形中,当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;而当变形温度一定时,流变应力随着变形速率的增大而增大,达到峰值后下降趋势平缓。Zn-10Al-2Cu合金的热压缩流变行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述。在本实验条件下,该锌铝铜合金热变形应力指数n为5.4、热变形激活能Q为137kJ/mol,高温流变应力用含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius方程描述为:σ=123ln{(Z/(1.22×1013))1/5.4+[(Z/(1.22×1013))2/5.4+1]1/2}。     

Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金室温压缩蠕变行为及位错类型研究

研究Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金在不同外加应力下的室温压缩蠕变行为,拟合了蠕变曲线,计算出蠕变发生第二阶段的临界值,并对不同应力水平压缩后的合金显微组织进行TEM观察,研究其位错滑移类型。结果表明：室温条件下,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金压缩蠕变-时间曲线符合时间强化指数模型,该合金发生蠕变第二阶段的临界值为518 MPa,这为深海装备的安全设计提供了依据。Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金室温压缩蠕变机制主要是位错滑移,其中基面滑移最容易启动,其次是柱面滑移和锥面滑移。结合微观组织分析与蠕变曲线可以判断锥面滑移对蠕变有较大贡献。     

新型BTG塑料合金关于温度-频率-振幅的动态阻尼性能模型

建立了描述一种新型BTG塑料合金的温度-频率-振幅的动态阻尼性能数学模型。通过动态热分析仪DMA242, 获取了BTG塑料合金的频率扫描、温度扫描和幅值扫描的动态阻尼损耗因子实验数据。通过分析实验数据, 将温度扫描的阻尼损耗因子量分离为仅与频率相关以及与频率、温度均相关的两个分量, 并分别用Kelvin分数导数的阻尼损耗因子模型和高斯函数模型来表达这两个分量, 再以此为基准, 考虑振幅对阻尼损耗的影响, 由此建立了综合考虑温度-频率-振幅的阻尼损耗数学模型。结果表明, 所建立的综合考虑温度-频率-振幅的阻尼损耗数学模型能准确描述实验数据。      

过共晶铝硅合金半固态挤压铸造近终成形技术研究

研究了AI-Si(质量分数为24.3%和AI-Si(质量分数为29.2%)合金在机械搅拌作用下初晶硅形貌变化的工艺参数,半固态料坯的制备方法和半固态挤压成形的工艺方法.实验结果表明:605℃是该成分范围的过共晶铝硅合金合适的半固态搅拌温度,在该温度下恒温搅拌50min可有效地改变板条状初晶硅的形态,获得平均直径为200μm的球状化的初晶硅;在上述优化的半固态工艺条件下采用挤压铸造工艺获得了优质的近终成形圆盘形零件.     

Ti－17合金的热压缩变形行为研究

通过热模拟压缩试验，测试了Ｔｉ－１７合金在温度Ｔ＝８０５～９４５℃，应变速率ε＝１０（－３）～８０ｓ（－１）、变形程度ε＝５０％范围内的真应力－应变曲线，研究了不同温度、不同应变速率下的流动应力及组织变化规律。发现，在（α＋β）两相区降低温度或提高应变速率，流动应力σ变化较大，动态再结晶易于进行；在β区通常只发生动态回复，流动应力σ随温度和应变速率变化较小，高温、低应变时发生连续再结晶。试验还用Ｚｅｎｅｒ－Ｈｏｌｌｏｍｏｎ因子确定了该台金发生连续再结晶的临界因子Ｚｃ的数值，ｌｏｇＺＣ＝４１．２。     

增塑挤压成形钨基合金棒材溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺研究

大长径比钨基合金棒材制备的关键是成形、脱脂和后续的烧结控制.基于增塑挤压成形的研究,对Ф24 mm钨基合金挤压棒坯的快速无缺陷脱脂,即溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺进行了研究.结果表明:在溶剂脱脂温度为45℃,脱脂12 h后,Ф24 mm钨基合金棒材一次脱脂率达45%;在溶剂脱指过程中增加干燥阶段,脱脂率可达70%以上;在真空气氛下对脱脂棒材进行后续热脱脂,坯体保形性好,且在12 h内,脱脂可以全部完成.采用溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺可以实现Ф24 mm钨基合金挤压棒材的快速无缺陷脱脂.     

喷射沉积连续挤压Al-20Si合金的微观组织及磨损性能

喷射沉积连续挤压技术是由喷射成型和连续挤压复合而成的新技术。本试验采用自制的喷射沉积连续挤压设备,在多种过热度条件下完成了Al-20Si合金的喷射沉积连续挤压试验,获得了8mm的铝合金杆件制品,分别对其显微组织和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:喷射沉积连续挤压工艺可有效抑制初生硅的形核和生长,制备的铝硅合金中初生硅的尺寸约3~8μm,较铸态组织有明显细化,使得其耐磨性能提升1~2倍;随过热度的增加,喷射沉积连续挤压铝硅合金中初生硅的尺寸不断减小且分布更加弥散,使得合金的耐磨性更加优良。     

电磁搅拌对过共晶Al-Si合金初生Si长大过程和形貌的影响

研究了电磁搅拌对过共晶Al-Si合金中初生Si长大和形貌的影响。结果表明,当合金含Si量低于30％时,电磁搅拌引起过共晶Al-Si合金中初生Si显著细化和球团化,但当合金含Si量超过30％时,电磁搅拌对初生Si细化的作用有限,组织中仍然存在较粗大的板片状初生Si;提高电磁搅拌时合金熔体冷却速度可减小初生Si的尺寸;进行正、反转电磁搅拌,初生Si的尺寸将进一步减小,在电磁搅拌条件下,初生Si发生细化和球团化的主要原因是：搅拌引起合金熔体温度场、溶质场的均匀化,引起初生Si的机械破碎,相互摩擦和抑制初生Si各向异性生长。     

Effect of melt treatment on microstructure and impact properties of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys

The microstructures and impact toughness of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys were studied after various melt treatments like grain refinement and modification. The results indicate that combined grain refined and modified Al-7Si-2.5Cu alloys have microstructures consisting of uniformly distributed α-Al grains, interdendritic network of fine eutectic silicon and fine CuAl₂ particles in the interdendritic region. These alloys exhibited improved impact toughness in as cast condition when compared to those treated by individual addition of grain refiner or modifier. The improved impact toughness of Al-7Si-2.5Cu alloys are related to breakage of the large aluminum grains and uniform distribution of eutectic silicon and fine CuAl₂ particles in the interdendritic region resulting from combined refinement and modification. This paper attempts to investigate the influence of microstructural changes in the Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys by grain refinement, modification and combined action of both on the impact toughness.     

铸造镁硅合金组织和阻尼性能研究

利用动态机械热分析仪研究了四种镁硅合金的阻尼性能.研究表明:铸造镁硅合金具有良好的阻尼性能.并且体现出有别于纯镁的新阻尼特征,铸造镁硅合金具有较纯镁在更大应变振幅范围内的弛豫型内耗.由于Mg2 Si对晶界的钉扎作用,界面阻尼峰出现在较纯镁更高的温度.少量钙的添加改善了Mg2 Si析出的形态,但对阻尼性能的影响似乎不明显.     

冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼特性的影响

为了探讨冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼特性的影响,及TiNi合金马氏体的阻尼特性与组织结构之间的关系,采用示差扫描量热分析、透射电镜分析、动态机械分析和音频阻尼测试方法,系统研究了冷轧变形后Ti50Ni50合金马氏体的阻尼特性.研究结果表明:低频和音频时,Ti50Ni50合金马氏体的阻尼值随着冷轧变形量的增加呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,且音频时热马氏体和冷轧变形后马氏体的阻尼值较低频时的阻尼值均有大幅度地下降;冷轧后马氏体的高阻尼不仅与界面运动有关,也与马氏体中的缺陷有关.     

热处理温度和时间对Fe-7Al-0.5Ti 合金微观组织及阻尼性能的影响

以自制的Fe-7Al-0.5Ti高阻尼合金为研究对象,利用葛氏倒扭摆仪研究了热处理温度和时间对合金自由振动的衰减能力的影响.数据显示,在900℃下保温2 h后经过水冷处理后合金的阻尼参数δ达0.163.另一方面合金900℃下晶粒尺寸在2 h以前长大明显,此时合金的阻尼性能很快增加,2 h后晶粒尺寸增加缓慢,该性能逐渐降低.     

Influence of in-flight particle characteristics and substrate temperature on the formation mechanisms of hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu coatings prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying

Hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu coatings were prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying to enhance the surface performance of lightweight alloys.To find out optimum process conditions and achieve desirable coatings,this work focuses on the influence of three important parameters (in-flight par-ticle temperature,impact velocity,and substrate temperature) on the collected splats morphology,coatings microstructure and microhardness.Results show that appropriate combinations of temper-ature and velocity of in-flight particles cannot only completely melt hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu particles,especially the primary Si phase,but also provide the particles with sufficient kinetic energy.Thus,the optimized coating consists of 98.6 ％ of fully-melted region with nanosized coupled eutectic and 0.9 ％of porosity.Increasing the substrate deposition temperature promotes the transition from inhomoge-neous banded microstructure to homogeneous equiaxed microstructure with a lower porosity level.The observations are further interpreted by a newly developed phase-change heat transfer model on quan-titatively revealing the solidification and remelting behaviors of several splats deposited on substrate.Besides,phase evolutions including the formation of supersaturated α-Al matrix solid solution,growth of Si and Al2Cu phases at different process conditions are elaborated.An ideal microstructure (low frac-tions of unmelted/partially-melted regions and defects) together with solid solution,grain refinement,and second phase strengthening effects contributes to the enhanced microhardness of coating.This inte-grated study not only provides a framework for optimizing Al-Si based coatings via thermal spraying but also gives valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of this class of coating materials.     

Internal stress and solid solubility effects on the thermal expansivity of Al-Si eutectic alloys

Thermal expansion measurements are reported for a number of as-cast Al-Si eutectic alloys including a Sr-modified alloy which gives nearly spherical Si particles. The measurements were obtained by heating and cooling over repeated temperature cycles between room temperature and 500°C. In general, lower expansivity values were measured on the cooling cycle as compared with the heating cycle, resulting in a net positive permanent deformation at room temperature. Analytical solutions are described for the thermal expansivity of a concentric-spheres model for a Si particle contained within an Al matrix. The effect of plastic flow in the Al is included. Overall, the predictions show reasonable agreement with the measured expansivities. The observed differences between heating and cooling are of the same order as that which is predicted. At high temperatures, the measured increase in expansivities is smaller than calculated. The latter effect is explained by the decrease in expansivity which results from an increasing solid solubility of silicon in aluminum with increasing temperature.Paper presented at the Ninth International Thermal Expansion Symposium, December 8–10, 1986, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.     

退火温度对Gd2(Co,Al)17合金相组成和热磁特性的影响

用X射线衍射、金相观察、电子探针、透射电镜和磁性测量研究了Gd2Co17-χAlχ（χ≤5）合金的微结构、相组成、相成分和热磁特性。结果表明，在1173和1323K退火的χ≤3的样品和在1323K退火的χ=4的样品近似为单相，2：17主相仅含Gd、Co、Al 3种元素，具有菱方Th2Zn17型结构，少量ζ杂质相是富Gd氧化物、富Co相或ζ-CoAl相；在1173K退火的χ=4的样品含有较多的第二相，它是具有六方CaCu5型结构的1：5相；χ=5的退火样品是三相，主相是1：5相，第二相和第三相分别是2：17相和具有CsCl结构的ζ-CoAl相，提高退火温度，样品的2：17相含量增多，1：5相相应减少；在室温以下，样品（χ≤4）的自发磁化强度随温度降低而减小，在74和65K附近，χ=4的两相样品和单相样品的自发磁化强度M0先后降为零，但χ=5的样品磁距随温度降低而增大。