固相法合成纳米氧化镧

以六水氯化镧与氢氧化钠为反应物，在室温下通过固相化学反应首先合成前驱物氢氧化镧，经热分解得到纳米氧化镧。用透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对产物的组成、大小及形貌进行表征。结果表明：产物纳米氧化镧为球形结构，平均粒径为15nm，确定了固相反应制备纳米氧化镧的最佳工艺条件为：焙烧温度为750℃，焙烧时间为2．5h。并考察了加入表面活性剂对粒径大小和分散性的影响。加入0．5％（表面活性剂占总反应物质量分数）的表面活性剂聚乙二醇600可使粒子尺寸变小，分散性好，克服团聚现象。     

微乳液法制备无定形纳米二氧化硅

采用Triton X-100／正己醇／环己烷／氨水体系配制反相微乳液，在碱性条件下正硅酸乙酯在反相微乳液中发生受控水解，合成了具有无定形结构的球形二氧化硅纳米粒子。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、X衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）分别对样品的结构及形貌尺寸进行了表征和分析。结果表明：改变表面活性剂加入量可以得到不同粒径（50～110nm）、不同粒度分布及不同分散程度的球形二氧化硅纳米粒子。随着表面活性剂在微乳液中体积分数的增大，二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径先减小后增大，团聚程度也呈现先减小后增大的趋势。当表面活性剂在微乳液体系中的体积分数为20％时，所合成的二氧化硅纳米粒子粒径最小（50nm），粒度均匀且呈现出良好的分散性。     

环氧树脂/纳米α-Al2O3复合材料性能的研究

以纳米α-Al2O3作为增强材料，制备纳米复合材料，研究了不同处理方法及不同的纳米α-Al2O3质量分数对纳米复合材料性能的影响，采用透射电镜对纳米α-Al2O3粒子的分布进行了表征。结果表明，当纳米粒子α-Al2O3质量分数为2％时，复合材料的拉伸强度为61．1MPa，拉伸模量为3．42GPa，玻璃化温度为137．97℃。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／纳米SiO2复合粒子的制备与表征

采用甲基丙烯酸-3-甲氧基硅丙酯（MPs）对分散于甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）中的纳米SiO2粒子进行偶联改性，得到了表面改性的纳米SiO2单体分散液，用原位悬浮聚合方法制备了不同SiO2含量的PMMA／纳米SiO2复合粒子。通过红外光谱、透射电镜、差示扫描量热分析和热重分析等方法对制备的纳米复合粒子进行了表征，结果表明，纳米SiO2粒子在PMMA中分散良好；MMA可通过与MPS的共聚而有效地接枝到SiO2粒子表面，当SiO2含量为6．6％（质量分数，下同）、MPS用量为0．06g／gSiO2时，其接枝率可达73．8％；同时，纳米SiO2的引入可提高PMMA的耐热性能，当Si02含量为14.7％时，其玻璃化转变温度和最大热分解速率时的温度分别提高了11．8℃和18．8℃。     

纳米α-Fe2O3的溶胶-凝胶法合成和表征的研究

以FeCl3.6H2O为铁源,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备出分散性较好、粒径均匀的纳米α-Fe2O3。系统研究了表面活性剂、pH、煅烧温度对纳米Fe2O3的晶型和粒径的影响,并借助XRD、FTIR、TEM测试手段对产物进行表征。研究发现：加入不同表面活性剂,Fe2O3粒子晶型转变的温度不同。当采用的表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）,500℃煅烧前驱物时,发现制备过程中溶液的pH对产物粒子的晶型有较大的影响。     

共沉淀法合成小粒径单分散Fe3O4纳米颗粒

研究以FeSO4·7H2O和FeCl3·6H2O为原料,NH3·H2O作为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,利用IR（红外光谱）、XRD（X射线衍射）等表征手段对割得的纳米颗粒进行了表征。结果表明：制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径较细,且粒径分布较窄。据此找出制备纳米Fe3O4粒子的最佳实验条件为：铁盐溶液浓度为0．5mol／L,沉淀剂溶液浓度为0．2mol／L,Fe^2＋：Fe^3＋：OH^-=1．00：1．00：6．00,反应温度为30℃。制备纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径在10-20mm,且分散性较好;通过XRD谱图可以得出产物为具有立方晶系的纳米Fe3O4粒子。     

壳聚糖修饰磁性纳米粒子对BSA的吸附性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,以（3-氯丙基）三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂将壳聚糖共价键合到磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面,通过红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及热重分析（TGA）对其进行了表征。主要研究了不同影响因素（吸附时间、pH值、牛血清白蛋白浓度）下壳聚糖修饰的磁性纳米粒子对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的吸附性能。结果得到壳聚糖修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径为20 nm左右,壳聚糖在磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面的接枝率为15.40%。研究表明：在不同条件下,与未修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子相比,经壳聚糖修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子对BSA均表现出较强的吸附能力。     

双酚A甲醛酚醛环氧树脂／纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和性能

采用溶液共混法将纳米SiO2粒子分散到双酚A甲醛酚醛环氧树脂（bis-ANER）与二氧化乙烯基环己烯（VCD）的混合物中，再与固化剂甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐（MHHPA）混合，制备了不同SiO2含量的bis-ANER／VCD／MHHPA／SiO2纳米复合材料。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、材料试验机、冲击试验机、热分析法对其固化产物的断面形态、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明，纳米SiO2粒子在环氧树脂基体中的分散是均匀的，粒径在30-50nm左右。1．5％（质量分数，下同）的SiO2粒子分散到bis-ANER／VCD/MHHPA中使材料的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度分别提高了112％、66％和118％，断裂伸长率由1．85％提高到3．37％，玻璃化转变温度提高了5．4℃，热降解温度略有提高，降解起始阶段反应机理与未加SiO2粒子的材料一样，符合一级反应。     

纳米Al2O3填充液体橡胶／环氧树脂复合材料的性能研究

用端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶与环氧树脂制得端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶／环氧树脂聚合物（ETPB）。在ETPB中分别加入质量分数5％和10％的纳米Al2O3,并选择适宜的固化剂固化,制得ETPB／Al2O3复合材料。考查了ETPB与ETPB／Al2O3复合材料的力学性能,研究了该材料的滑动摩擦磨损率与滑动速度之间的关系,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对几种材料磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,通过填充纳米Al2O3无机粒子可显著提高ETPB的性能,当填充量为5％时,ETPB／Al2O3复合材料性能最佳。     

原位聚合法制备钼酚醛树脂纳米复合材料的研究

采用原位聚合法，用表面处理过的二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子对钼酚醛树脂进行填充改性，制备了钼酚醛脂／SiO2纳米复合材料，研究了SiO2纳米粒子填充改性对复合材料耐热性和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明，SiO2质量分数为2％时，材料的耐热性和冲击强度达到最大值，分别为105℃和4．3kd／m^2；SiO2质量分数为4％时，材料的拉伸模量和拉伸强度达到最大值，分别为1288MPa和30．3MPa。     

种子微悬浮聚合法制备微胶囊相变材料

以苯乙烯(St)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)为壁材聚合单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,羟丙基纤维素(HPC)和碳酸钙(Ca CO3)为复合分散剂,用种子微悬浮聚合法制备交联聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆硬脂酸丁酯微胶囊。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描热量仪(DSC)、粒度分析仪和热重分析仪(TG)表征了微胶囊的形貌和性能,考察了聚合方法、交联剂和分散剂对微胶囊形貌结构和性能的影响。结果表明,种子微悬浮聚合法制备的微胶囊呈粒径分布均匀、规整的球形结构,与常规悬浮聚合法制备的微胶囊相比,相变潜热提高了41.6%,包覆率提高15.1%;随着DVB用量的增加,壁材的交联度增大,微胶囊密封性和热稳定性提高;采用复合分散剂且m(HPC)∶m(CaCO_3)=2.2∶1时,微胶囊相变潜热提高了26.8%。     

二乙醇胺辅助溶胶-凝胶法低温合成锆钛酸铅纳米粉体

以醋酸铅[Pb（CH3COO）2^-33H20]、硝酸锆[Zr（N03）4^-5H2O]和钛酸四丁酯[Ti（C4H90）4]为原料,以二乙醇胺（diethanolamine,DEA）为聚合剂．用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锆钛酸铅（PbZrxTil-x03,PZT）纳米陶瓷粉体。研究了DEA对溶胶-凝胶法合成PZT陶瓷粉体的影响...     

Cooperative self-assembly of silica-based mesostructures templated by cationic fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon mixed-surfactants

In this work, we have systematically studied the influences of reaction temperature, silica sources, and nature of surfactant templates on cooperatively self-assembled mesostructures. Both positively charged hydrocarbon (HC) surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and fluorocarbon (FC) surfactant FC-4 were used as the templates, and four silica sources tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 1,2-bis (trimethoxysilyl) ethane (BTME) and 1,2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTEE) were used as the precursors. When CTAB and FC-4 were applied as mixed templates and BTME or BTEE as the silica source, it was found that ordered mesostructure with a hollow morphology can be successfully obtained only at temperatures higher than the demixing temperature (T_d) of two surfactants. When FC-4 was used as a single template, generally vesicular structures were obtained regardless of the silica sources. In the case of CTAB/FC-4 co-templates, the utilization of pure silica sources (TEOS and TMOS) gave rise to nano-particles with neither hollow morphology nor the ordered mesostructure. The above results can be understood by the interactions between the templates and the silica sources considering the hydrophobic sequences of surfactants (CTAB < FC-4) and different silica precursors (TMOS < TEOS < BTME < BTEE). It is anticipated that by carefully tuning the interaction between surfactant templates and silica species, novel mesoporous materials with controlled composition, structure and morphology can be designed and fabricated.     

高聚物/表面活性剂型液体防结块剂对高塔复合肥防结块效果的研究

由高聚物和表面活性剂复配制备了一种液体防结块剂。研究了高聚物和表面活性剂的配比、溶液的总固含量对防结块剂质量的影响,以及防结块剂的用量对防结块效果的影响。结果表明：当某高聚物和表面活性剂质量比为0．50、w（固）为25％时,防结块剂黏度适中,溶液（防结块剂）具有较好的稳定性和防结块效果;用在高塔复合肥时,防结块剂用量控制在3‰～4‰,肥料结块率可降低到10％以下,且结块易粉碎。     

碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的粘接性能

利用超声分散、酸处理以及表面活性剂分散的方法将碳纳米管分散到蓖麻油中,制备了蓖麻油型聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PUR/CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs用量、酸处理时间以及表面活性剂的用量对复合材料粘接性能的影响。结果表明,随着蓖麻油中CNTs用量的增加,该复合材料的粘接强度不断提高,当增加到2%时,粘接强度提高84.4%;硝酸处理3 h的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度最大,比未酸处理的复合材料增加15%;表面活性剂分散的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度能得到进一步的提高。     

Viscosity-prediction models of ammonia water nanofluids based on various dispersion types

This paper intends to apply the techniques that nano-particles enhance the heat and mass transfer to the ammonia water absorption refrigeration. Three types of nanofluids were obtained by adding the mixture of carbon black with emulsifier OP-10, ZnFe₂O₄ with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Fe₂O₃ with SDBS to the ammonia water solution, respectively. A series of experiments was performed to investigate the viscosities of the three kinds of nanofluids. The results show that, the content of surfactant and nano-particles, the interaction between surfactant and nano-particles, and the dispersion type are the key parameters that affect the viscosity of ammonia water nanofluid. Based on Einstein model and considering the solvation effect, two models to estimate the viscosity of ammonia water nanofluids were proposed in this paper. One is to analyze monolayer adsorption without considering the decrease of “free” surfactant content in ammonia water basefluid. The other model is to analyze electric double layer (EDL) adsorption, while taking the change of “free” surfactant content in ammonia water basefluid into account. The presented models and other theoretical models have been compared with experimental data. The comparison results show the presented models, in general, have higher accuracies and precisions.     

表面活性剂含量对微乳液法合成纳米氧化锆粉体结构与性能的影响

采用水/环己烷/TritonX-100/正己醇四元油包水体系,通过微乳液法制备了纳米ZrO2粉体.用X射线衍射、透射电镜等表征所制备的纳米粉体,重点研究表面活性剂含量对ZrO2纳米粒子结构与性能的影响,分析产生团聚的原因,并提出改进措施.结果表明:所制备的纳米单斜相ZrO2粉体的晶粒尺寸可控制在15nm左右;随表面活性剂含量的增加,晶粒的尺寸有所减小,团聚现象亦有所减少.     

单分散、小粒径纳米ZnO的制备及其表面包覆

以ZnSO4·7H2O和NaOH为原料,采用微乳法制备了单分散、小粒径ZnO纳米颗粒,并用Na2SiO3水解生成的SiO2对其进行表面包覆改性.用IR(红外光谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)、UV-vis(紫外可见光谱)等表征手段对制得的颗粒进行了袁征.结果表明:ZnO表面存在Si-O-Zn键,显示了SiO2的很好的包覆.室...     

水溶性电泳漆稳定性研究

由阴离子表面活性剂, 非离子表面活性剂, 偶联剂组成的复配型分散剂, 比单独使用表面活性剂作分散剂更有利于电泳漆液颜料的分散及稳定。阐述了不同分散剂的组成对丙烯酸阴极电泳液稳定性的影响     

Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine: a biological natural surfactant as a dispersing agent

Disperse dyes are very hydrophobic molecules that in their commercial form are usually milled in the presence of large amounts of dispersing agents (synthetic surfactants). Other dispersing agents are added as auxiliaries during the dyeing process. These synthetic surfactants were substituted for liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine, a well-known biological surfactant of natural origin which is environmentally friendly, and liposomes were studied as a dispersing agent in polyester dyeing.
The physicochemical behaviour of dye dispersion was analysed by two experimental measurements: the aggregation process of dye particles by filtration of dispersion and the determination of the turbidity ratio. The results obtained show the usefulness of liposomes as a dispersing auxiliary in a dyeing process, avoiding aggregation of dye molecules at high temperatures. Moreover, polyester dyeing shows similar final exhaustions, approximately 90%, at different kinetics, when liposomes are used.