5%特丁磷防治甘蔗主要害虫和对甘蔗出芽影响的试验

特丁磷是天津农药厂开发和生产的新型优良有机磷土壤杀虫剂，具有胃毒、触杀、内吸、薰蒸作用，能够有效持久地防治多种农作物的害虫。为探讨其对甘蔗蔗螟、蔗龟、蓟马、绵蚜虫的防效和对甘蔗出芽影响。于１９９７～１９９８年做了试验，结果如下：１材料与方法１．１供试药剂５％特丁磷颗粒剂（天津农药厂生产），３％呋甲（克甲）颗粒剂（江苏铜山农药厂生产）。１．２试验设置共设三个处理，按６６６．７ｍ２用药量计，设特丁磷３ｋｇ、呋甲５ｋｇ和空白对照，每处理３次重复，９个小区，每小区面积１３３ｍ２，各小区随机排列。试验于１…     

软皮白油生产技术

１主要原料及规格（１）菜油（含油量：９８％以上,碘值：９５～１０５）（２）蓖麻油（含油量：９８％以上,碘值：８０～９０）（３）机油（５＃或７＃高速机械油,凝固点：＜－１０℃）（４）浓硫酸（含量：９８％以上,工业级）（５）氨水（含量：１８％以上,工业级...     

从玉米蛋白中制备氨基酸的研究

用玉米淀粉加工过程中的下脚料黄浆粉为主要原料，采用浓缩蛋白技术，将原料粗蛋白含量从４０％浓缩至８０％以上（采用凯氏定氮法测定），水解酸耗下降４５％，水解后，色泽下降６０％，Ｌ—亮氨酸平均得率５７％，纯度大于９８．５％。     

烟草根结线虫病综合防治技术的研究

室内与田间试验相结合，筛选鉴定出抗病品种ＮＣ８９，Ｇ８０，选择出防病高效药剂５％茎线灵和５％涕来威颗粒剂并研究了配套施药方法。在此基础上研制形成以种植抗病品种和药剂防治相结合配合培育无病壮苗的病害综合防治技术规程，经在沂水和诸城两地试验示范，防治效果分别达９８．７％和９９．５％，     

“涕灭威”防治烟草根结线虫病的研究

１９９２～１９９４年研究表明，用国产“涕灭威”１．５ｋｇ／亩在烟苗移栽时施于烟株周围１０ｃｍ以下，防治效果达９８％以上，每亩增产４８％左右，扩散持续时间１０～１５天，扩散范围（距施药中心半径）３０ｃｍ。该研究对控制根结线虫的危害寻找到一条防治途径；农药残留有待进一步研究     

乐斯本与农地乐防治烟蚜试验

１９９８ 年７ 月用乐斯本和农地乐进行了防治烟蚜田间试验。试验结果表明,乐斯本２ ０００ 倍,用药后１ 天防效９８ ．９１ ％ ,３ ～７ 天防效达１００ ％ ;农地乐４ ０００ 倍用药后１ 天防效９８ ．２６ ％ ,３ ～７ 天防效达１００ ％ 。两者可以作为新药剂进行推广,用于防治烟蚜。建议乐斯本用量为２ ０００ ～２ ５００ 倍,即６６７ｍ２ 用量２０ ～２５ ｍｌ 为宜;农地乐用量４ ０００ ～５ ０００ 倍,即６６７ｍ２ 用量１０ ～１２ ．５ｍｌ 为宜。     

酶水解法制备大豆肽的研究

采用酶水解法，由大豆分离蛋白制备大豆肽。对五种蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的特性进行了比较。筛选出水解能力最强的碱性蛋白酶，其最佳水解条件为：温度５５℃、ｐＨ１０．５、酶用量５％（Ｖ／Ｗ，相对于底物蛋白）、底物浓度５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、反应时间６ｈ。水解度可达到３０％～４０％，产物平均肽链长度２．５～４．０。水解产物经超滤膜分离后的混合物溶解性良好，ＮＳＩ值达９８％以上。水解产物有很强烈地的苦味，用２０％的活性炭粉可以有效地吸附脱苦。脱苦的最佳条件是：温度５０℃～５５℃、ｐＨ４．０～４．５、活性炭／蛋白质＝０．１～０．２／１（Ｗ／Ｖ），慢速搅拌２ｈ。     

大豆皂甙化学生理作用及呈味研究

大豆皂甙化学生理作用及呈味研究许显滨大池昶威大久保一良（黑龙江省农业科学院１５００８６）大豆中含有０５％～２５％的皂甙（皂角甙），是配糖体的一种，含糖２４％～２７％，易溶于水或８０％乙醇溶液。随着人们对大豆营养价值的不断认识和深入研究大豆的特...     

基质固相分散-HPLC法快速测定植物油中抗氧化剂

采用基质固相分散萃取植物油中抗氧化剂叔丁基羟基茴香醚（BHA），叔丁基对羟基甲苯（BHT），特丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）和没食子酸丙酯（PG），经高效液相色谱进行分离。回收率在85．8％～94-3％，相对标准偏差为2．1％～4．0％，最低检测限为2ng。     

锦棉绸染整工艺实践

１工艺条件及分析１．１坯布规格：１４４ｃｍ／１４７ｃｍ７．８特×２８特１１０×７６锦棉平纹１．２工艺流程：翻缝→冷轧堆→（汽蒸）→水洗→预定型→磨　毛→染色→烘干→柔软（防水）　　（１）冷轧堆工艺处方：ＮａＯＨ：８０～９０ｇ／Ｌ;Ｈ２Ｏ２：１６～１８ｇ／Ｌ;Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３：　１６～１８ｇ／Ｌ;高效渗透剂：４～５ｇ／Ｌ;轧余率：６０％。　　室温打卷后,用塑料纸密封好,以４．５ｒ／ｍｉｎ慢慢转动２０ｈ．　　（２）汽蒸：温度（９５～１００℃）×时间（５～１０ｍｉｎ）经冷轧堆处理后　的织物不经汽蒸半制品…     

Production of aflatoxin and its partition between the medium and the mycelium of Aspergillus parasiticus during incubation under various conditions.

Spores of an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus were inoculated into a glucose-salts medium which was incubated with and without shaking at 28 degrees C for 15 days. Without shaking, maximal production of total aflatoxin and aflatoxins B1, G1, and G2 occurred at 5 days, whereas the maximal amount of B2 appeared after 7 days. Initially approximately 5% of the total toxins appeared in the mycelium but this increased to more than 60% after 5 days. Shaking of cultures during incubation served to reduce production of total aflatoxin and of each of the individual toxins. The maximal amount of total aflatoxin and of toxins B1 and G1 appeared in shaken cultures after 5 days, whereas 8 and 11 days were needed to obtain maximal amounts of B2 and G2, respectively. The mycelium of shaken cultures initially retained approximately 50% of the total aflatoxin and this increased to about 80% as the incubation progressed. Very little aflatoxin was synthesized at 35 and 45 degrees C and production of total aflatoxin and of each individual toxin was less at 15 degrees C than at 25 or 28 degrees C. When the medium contained 0.5 to 50% glucose, maximal amounts of total aflatoxin and of aflatoxins B1, G1 and G2 appeared in the presence of 30% glucose; only 20% glucose was needed to obtain the greatest amount of B2. The mycelium retained approximately 50% of total aflatoxin when the medium contained 5 to 20%. Neither aflatoxin G1 nor G2 were detected when the medium contained 0.05% ammonium sulfate and only B1, B2, and G1 appeared in the medium with 0.1% of the salt. Maximal production of each individual aflatoxin and of total aflatoxin occured with 1% of ammonium sulfate in the medium. The proportion of total aflatoxin retained by the mycelium decreased from 83 to 37% as the amount of ammonium sulfate in the medium was increased from 0,05 to 10%.     

Impact of preheating on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in a broth that mimics Camembert cheese composition

The effect of preheating on the survival of L. monocytogenes in Richard's broth, which mimics the composition of Camembert cheese composition, was examined. Experiments were carried out to reproduce contamination of cheese with environmental heat-stressed cells of L. monocytogenes surviving hot-cleaning procedures. Cells in mid-log phase were heated for 30 min at 56 degrees C before being inoculated into Richard's broth. The pHs and temperatures of Richard's broth were chosen to recreate the conditions of curd dripping (pH 5, 25 degrees C), of the beginning of cheese ripening (pH 5, 12 degrees C), and of the beginning (pH 5, 4 degrees C) and the end (pH 7, 4 degrees C) of cheese storage. Immediately after heat treatment, the viability loss was especially high for strain 306715, which exhibited only 0.6% +/- 0.2% survival, compared with 22% +/- 8.7% for strain EGD. The percentages of the surviving heated cells that were injured were 93% +/- 8% for strain 306715 and 98% +/- 3% for strain EGD. The destruction of the surviving L. monocytogenes cells was accelerated when they encountered the pH and temperature conditions of Camembert cheese during manufacturing, ripening, and cold storage (pH 5 at 25, 12, and 4 degrees C, respectively). The multiplication of the surviving heated cells was retarded under favorable growth conditions similar to those of storage by the distributor and the consumer (pH 7 at 4 and 12 degrees C, respectively).     

臭氧熏蒸对玉米胚中真菌毒素的降解消除作用

为探究臭氧熏蒸对玉米胚中真菌毒素消除效果,固定臭氧质量浓度为150 mg/L,以蒸馏水调节玉米胚水分至不同质量分数(5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％),并熏蒸不同时间(20、30、40、50、60、80min),分析熏蒸处理后玉米胚中真菌毒素含量以及玉米胚和玉米油品质的变化.结果表明:玉米胚水分质量分数为2...     

Nutrient digestion in the large intestine as influenced by forage to concentrate ratio and forage physical form

Digestion in the large intestine was investigated in four growing steers fitted with duodenal and ileal cannulas. Diets assigned within a 4 x 4 Latin square were: 20% long alfalfa hay and 80% grain; 15% pelleted alfalfa, 5% hay, and 80% grain; 80% hay and 20% grain; and 60% pellets, 20% hay, and 20% grain. Intake of DM was not affected by diet. Organic matter digestion in the large intestine averaged 9, 3, 1, and -4% of total tract digestion for the 20% hay, 20% pellet, 80% hay, and 80% pellet diets, respectively, with significant increases due to high grain diets and long hay. Digestion of CP in the large intestine as a percentage of total tract digestion was unaffected by diet but averaged 3, -1, .3, and -6% for the respective diets. Percentage of total tract starch digestion occurring in the large intestine increased with grain feeding and averaged 6, 3, 1, and 1%, respectively. Digestion of ADF and NDF in the large intestine as a percentage of total tract was unaffected by diet; however, the respective means were 16 and 15, 7 and 7, 5 and 15, and 1 and 1%. In a second trail the same animals were fed a more typical dairy cow diet consisting of 50% grain, 25% corn silage, and 25% long alfalfa hay for a single 18-d period. Digestion in the large intestine accounted for 2.1, .2, 3.6, and 6.4% of total tract digestion of organic matter, starch, ADF, and NDF, respectively; however, feed intake was not as great as in the first trail. Although conditions of these studies differed from those commonly experienced by lactating cows, the underlying principals should apply. The large intestine would be expected to make an even greater contribution to total tract digestion in lactating cows consuming proportionally more DM.     

Systems stunning with CO2 gas on Manchego light lambs: Physiologic responses and stunning effectiveness

Effect of four stunning treatments using different CO₂ concentrations and exposure times (G1: 80%90 s; G2: 90%90 s; G3: 90%60 s; G4: 80%60 s) on hormonal, haematological and biochemical parameters in Manchego breed light lambs and their stunning effectiveness (% animals correctly stunned) was studied. An electrically stunned control treatment (G5) was used. G1 showed the highest plasmatic hormonal, red cell distribution (RDW) and lactate levels. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (HbCM), glucose, lactate deshydrogenase (LDH), sodium, potassium and creatine kinase (CK) were highest in G5. Stunning effectiveness was maximum (100%) in G3 and G5, only 50% in G1 and G2 and minimum (30%) in G4.     

Safe storage time of high moisture wheat

Deterioration rates were determined for 15-19% moisture content (m.c., wet basis) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Barrie') stored at constant temperatures or with a step decrease in storage temperatures. Deterioration rates were determined by measuring germination capacity of the grain and respiration rates of grain and microorganisms. Safe storage time was defined as the time for germination to decrease to 90%. Safe storage times of 19% m.c. wheat stored at constant temperatures ranged from 2.5 d at 30 and 35 degrees C to 37 d at 10 degrees C. Deterioration rates of 19% m.c. wheat stored with a step decrease in storage temperatures (35-25, 30-20, 25-20, and 20-15 degrees C) were determined and safe storage times were satisfactorily predicted. Safe storage times of 17% m.c. wheat were 5, 7, and 15 d at 35, 30, and 25 degrees C, respectively. Respiration rates and germination percentages of 15 and 16% m.c. wheat stored at 25 degrees C remained constant for 70 d. The respiration rates of 17-19% m.c. wheat at 25 degrees C increased while the germination percentages decreased with storage time. Germination dropped from 98 to 92-89% when the dry matter losses were about 0.05% and visible mould occurred when the dry matter losses were about 0.1% in 17-19% m.c. wheat. Safe storage times of 17% m.c. wheat stored at 35-25 degrees C were compared with those determined in similar previous work with cultivars 'Domain' and 'Katepwa'. 'Domain' had the longest and 'Barrie' had the shortest storage times.     

油菜蜜中5种酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD法测定

以油菜蜜为研究对象,建立了一种同时测定油菜蜜中5种酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD分析方法。采用高效液相色谱电化学检测法,以甲醇(A)和2%醋酸(B))水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min;电化学检测器的工作电位为0.8V;柱温为30℃。5种酚类化合物的浓度分别在6.83×10-2-5.46,9.6×10-2-8.67,1.05×10-1-12,9.1×10-2-7.3,1.63×10-1-13μg/mL内与各自的峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9997)。样品的加样回收率分别为97.4%,98.6%,99.1%,101.6%,99.3%。     

Development of monoclonal antibodies for the fusarin mycotoxins

The fusarins are a group of mycotoxins produced by fungi that commonly infest cereal crops, in particular by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides. This group of compounds is characterized by a substituted 2-pyrrolidone ring attached to a 12-carbon polyunsaturated backbone. Several of the fusarins contain an epoxide substitution on the pyrrolidone ring and are highly mutagenic. This paper describes the development of seven monoclonal antibodies and immunoassays for detecting fusarins C and A. Fusarin C was isolated and conjugated to ovalbumin to produce the immunogen. Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CI-ELISAs) were developed based upon the isolated monoclonal antibodies. The concentrations of fusarin C able to inhibit colour development by 50% (IC₅₀) in CI-ELISAs were 1.0, 2.0, 3.6, 23.4, 28.9, 31.4, and 66.7 ng ml^-1 for clones 1-38, 1-30, 1-5, 1-7, 1-43, 1-25, and 1-21, respectively. Cross-reactivity with fusarin A was 44.8, 51.4, 41.1, 174.0, 62.6, 78.2, and 98.0% for clones 1-38, 1-30, 1-5, 1-7, 1-43, 1-25, and 1-21, respectively. Given the sensitivity of these antibodies for fusarins it is expected that, with further development, they may be useful for detecting fusarins at relevant levels in foods.     

Accumulation of ectoine in the halotolerant Brevibacterium sp. JCM 6894

Resting cells of Fusarium moniliforme strain MS31 produced (R)-1-phenylpropanol from propylbenzene. The components of the medium and the reaction conditions were adjusted to increase the specific activity of the hydroxylating enzyme involved. Glucose and sodium nitrate were selected as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The substrate, propylbenzene, inhibited fungal growth and the activity of the enzyme. Acetoin added to the medium increased both growth and activity of the enzyme, and hydroxylation of propylbenzene increased by 1.4-fold. Maximum bioconversion of propylbenzene by resting cells of the fungus was at 25-30 degrees C and pH 7.0 with cells at concentration of 40 mg (dry) per milliliter of reaction mixture. Conversion was accelerated as soon as propylbenzene was added; slowing 2 h later. In the end, F. moniliforme strain MS31 produced (R)-1-phenylpropanol with an enantiomeric excess of 98% at the concentration of 16 mM (2.2 mg.ml(-1)).     

生物制麦中白地霉的筛选及其特性的研究

以甘啤3号大麦为原料,从中分离得到了2株生长能力较强的菌株,通过对该菌产生的β－葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和糖化酶的酶活情况进行研究及生理生化鉴定得出该菌株为白地霉,分别为白地霉GQG28．1和白地霉GQG28．2。对筛选到的白地霉GQG28生长特性的初步研究表明,该菌最适生长温度为25℃,生长温度范围为5℃～37℃,其最适生长pH5．6,最低生长pH值为3．2,最高生长pH值为11．0,利用该白地霉制得麦芽综合指标为206．15,所制麦芽糖化力为308．5WK、α-氨基氮为186mg／100g、浸出物相对质量分数为87．1％。