A Simulation Framework for Evaluating Interference Mitigation Techniques in Heterogeneous Cellular Environments

Femtocells present an attractive solution for the improvement of a mobile network’s services providing better data rates and coverage. Since their deployment results to a heterogeneous network where two layers must utilize the available spectrum, issues of interference arise. A method to address this challenge, is investigating the locations of the newly installed FBS, and enforcing a power controlled transmission of all FBSs that achieves optimal and fair overall performance. Another option that becomes available in inter-cell interference cancellation (ICIC) macrocell environments, is utilizing the available spectrum to complete or partly avoid co-channel operation. In this work, we provide a simulation framework that allows the creation of custom, high configurable, user defined topologies of femtocells with power control and frequency allocation capabilities. It allows the investigation of the margin of improvement in interference when these methods are applied and may work as a decision tool for planning and evaluating heterogeneous networks. To showcase the framework’s capabilities, we evaluate and study the behaviour of custom deployed femtocells/macrocells networks and examine the cross-tier interference issues. Facilitated by the framework, we enforce and evaluate each interference mitigation technique for different femtocells’ deployment densities. Finally, we compare the results of each method in terms of total throughput, spectral efficiency and cell-edge users’ performance.     

Comparative Analysis of Intercell Interference Mitigation Techniques in LTE-A Network

The performance of long term evolution-advance (LTE-A) depends on different factors such as spectral efficiency, throughput and signal interference to noise ratio (SINR). Interference causes the performance of a network to be grassed to very low level, it directly affects the parameters such as noise interference, receiving diversity and system receiving gain so to mitigate the interference in LTE-A network is very important. Interference occurs in two forms, intra-cell interference and inter-cell interference. Intra-cell interference is removed by orthogonal frequency division multiple access, but the problem of inter-cell interference still exists due to reception of signals from two adjacent base stations at same frequency on user equipment, so coordination is applied between the cells to reduce the interference between the cells. This paper focuses on coordination between the base stations using dynamic cooperative Base Station selection (DCBS). In this paper, SINR, system capacity, minimum and maximum rates of the system are analyzed when coordination is applied between the cells. Three different scenarios are discussed in this paper, which includes coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (COMP), non-COMP and DCBS and then the results of these scenarios are compared.     

Interference Mitigation Using Uplink Power Control for Two-Tier Femtocell Networks

This paper proposes two interference mitigation strategies that adjust the maximum transmit power of femtocell users to suppress the cross-tier interference at a macrocell base station (BS). The open-loop and the closed-loop control suppress the cross-tier interference less than a fixed threshold and an adaptive threshold based on the noise and interference (NI) level at the macrocell BS, respectively. Simulation results show that both schemes effectively compensate the uplink throughput degradation of the macrocell BS due to the cross-tier interference and that the closed-loop control provides better femtocell throughput than the open-loop control at a minimal cost of macrocell throughput.     

同频异构femtocell联合子信道和功率分配算法

摘要：针对macro-femto同频融合网络中基于资源分配的干扰抑制问题,提出一种联合子信道和功率分配算法来抑制同频干扰。该算法通过对MU进行功率控制并采用跨层切换消除同频跨层干扰,对FU进行联合信道和功率分配消除同频层内干扰;跨层切换问题是在每一层网络目标中断概率约束下通过优化网络吞吐量实现,而基于联合信道和功率分配的同频干扰抑制问题是在切换MU的目标数据速率和其他MU以及FU干扰门限约束下,通过优化FU的和速率实现。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高FU的和速率,增大femtocell的网络容量,并可增加femtocell的部署数目。     

干扰控制技术在LTE家庭基站中的应用

家庭基站是近年新兴的室内覆盖技术,能以较低的功率为用户提供高速率高带宽的服务,是新一代移动网络与固定网络的一种融合方式。文章主要针对家庭基站和现有宏蜂窝基站组成的异构网络的几种典型干扰场景,从上、下行功率控制和无线资源干扰协调三方面,对家庭基站干扰管理的基本原理进行了说明,并介绍了基于干扰抑制的上、下行功率控制和干扰协调等典型的干扰管理技术。     

无线异构网络发展综述

各种无线异构网络给人们带来了丰富多彩的通信体验,同时,网络类型的繁多与彼此不兼容也给用户和运营商带来了很多问题和挑战。无线异构网络融合是未来通信网络的发展趋势,如3G网络和WLAN的融合、TD—SCDMA和WiMAX的融合。环境感知网络概念的出现,为未来畀构网络的融合带来了新的启发。     

一种基于预编码的异构网下行干扰协调方法

在通用移动通信系统（Universal Mobile Telecommunications System,UMTS）异构网络中,理论分析了宏基站对微微（Pico）小区边缘用户的下行干扰问题。在传统空白帧（ABS）方法的基础上,提出了一种干扰避免策略,其主要思想是通过联合时域ABS策略和空域基于码本限制的策略提高传统ABS策略的系统性能,即在ABS子帧上,宏基站并不是完全不发送数据,而是采用码本受限的预编码进行传输。限制的码本可以根据宏小区自身的负载动态进行更改,并通过广播传递给低功率节点（Low Power Node,LPN）,LPN根据得到的信息进行边缘用户的调度。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在最差5%用户吞吐率比ABS方法略有下降的情况下,使用户平均吞吐量得到了提升。     

Spectrum Allocation for Enhanced Cross-Tier Interference Mitigation with Throughput Improvement for Femtocells in a Heterogeneous LTE Cellular Network

Wireless Personal Communications - Femtocells are the solution to improve cellular system capacity in indoor coverage. In two-tier networks, co-channel interference is a serious problem. In this...     

Efficient Resource Allocation with Improved Interference Mitigation in FFR-Aided OFDMA Heterogeneous Networks

Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) has recently emerged as an efficient inter-cell interference coordination technique for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based multi-tier cellular networks due to its low complexity, minimal signaling over-head, and coverage improvement. In this work, an intermediary region (IR) at the border of the center region (CR) and edge region (ER) is defined, which prevents severe cross-tier interference and is usually ignored by other schemes. Furthermore, a strategic resource allocation scheme is proposed, which allows macro users in this new region to be served more resources due to their good channel conditions close to the serving base station (BS), while femto users are assigned resource blocks from sub-bands that receive the least net interference from a set of usable sub-bands in any region. We find by analysis and simulation the optimal threshold for IR, which minimizes the cross-tier interference, and show that the femto throughput is also maximized for this threshold. Numerical results show the proposed scheme outperforms other notable schemes in terms of throughput and outage performances.     

一种超密集异构网中联合干扰协调方法研究

针对5G超密集异构网中严重的跨层干扰问题,该文提出一种基于现有的增强型小区间干扰协调技术和协同多点传输技术的联合干扰协调方法。运用随机几何理论工具推导了两层超密集异构网下用户的中断概率,频谱效率和网络平均遍历容量表达式。仿真结果表明：该文提出的联合的干扰协调方案,相比于传统协同多点传输技术,不仅降低了协作用户数目,同时使得用户在信干比阈值为0 dB时的中断概率降低了15%;相比较于增强型小区间干扰协调技术,在偏置值为10 dB时,扩展区域的用户频谱效率改善为35%,整个网络平均遍历容量提升了3.4%。

     

毫微微小区系统中的干扰分析与节能技术利用

毫微微小区（Femtocell）基站外观与Wi-Fi接入设备相似,发射功率小,适用于家庭及办公室环境。在分析Femtocell系统的资源复用模型和接入过程的基础上,文章针对宏小区（Macrocell）和Femtocell混合网络的干扰问题,通过对随机到达的用户合理分配时频资源,提出一种功率控制方案。该方案能达到系统节能、降低干扰和提高系统性能的目的。     

Joint User Association and Interference Mitigation for D2D-Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

The heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with device-to-device (D2D) communications have been a promising solution to cost-efficient delivery of high data rates. A key challenge in such D2D-enabled HCNs is how to design an effective association scheme with D2D mode selection for load balancing. Moreover, the offloaded users and D2D receivers (RXs) would suffer strong interference from BSs, especially from high-power BSs. Evidently, a good association scheme should integrate with interference mitigation. Thus, we first propose an effective resource partitioning strategy that can mitigate the interference received by offloaded users from high-power BSs and the one received by D2D RXs from BSs. Based on this, we then design a user association scheme for load balancing, which jointly considers user association and D2D mode selection to maximize network-wide utility. Considering that the formulated problem is in a nonlinear and mixted-integer form and hard to tackle, we adopt a dual decomposition method to develop an efficient distributed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a load balancing gain and a resource partitioning gain.     

NAND闪存错误缓解技术综述

NAND闪存以其高存储密度、高速、低功耗等优点被广泛应用于数据存储.三维堆叠闪存技术的出现和多值存储技术的发展进一步提高了密度,降低了存储成本,同时也带来了更加严重的可靠性问题.闪存主控厂商一直采用更强大的纠错码(ECC),如BCH和LDPC码来对闪存中的数据错误进行纠正.但当NAND闪存中的错误数超出ECC纠错能力时...     

TDD无线异构网络中的干扰仿真与分析

为了克服时分双工(TDD)无线异构网络中的区间干扰,对家庭基站受到来自宏基站小区和相邻家庭基站小区的干扰状况进行了仿真与分析,建立了家庭基站部署密度,家庭基站到宏基站的距离与上下行链路覆盖率之间的关系,从而为家庭基站的选址以及参数的设置和调整提供了重要依据,也为设计家庭基站的自配置和自优化算法提供了必要的参考数据.     

分层异构无线网络中基于预编码的干扰抑制技术

传统宏蜂窝(macro cell)与低功率小蜂窝(small cell)共存的分层异构组网方案能有效地提高无线通信系统的容量.但宏蜂窝与小蜂窝间的同频干扰严重影响了通信质量,并阻碍了系统容量的进一步提升.近年来,利用MIMO预编码及空域衰落特性进行干扰抑制的相关技术成为新的研究热点.本文着重介绍分层异构无线网络中基于MIMO预编码的干扰抑制技术的研究进展.以典型的双层异构下行网络为例,分析了利用多天线预编码进行干扰抑制的基本方法,并在此基础上介绍了多种基于MIMO预编码的新型干扰抑制方案,最后讨论了分层异构网络中干扰抑制技术的未来研究方向.     

Femtocell家庭网络技术和应用

传统依靠宏基站来增加网络容量的方法成本日益增高．超小型、低功率的室内无线接入基站Femtocell可以有效解决室内覆盖问题。本文介绍了Femtocell的基本概念．针对具体实施的网络架构进行了详细阐述．细致分析了其商业化部署需要注意的问题。     

Channel Clustering and Probabilistic Channel Visiting Techniques for WLAN Interference Mitigation in Bluetooth Devices

Since Bluetooth and wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies both operate at the 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the two types of devices may suffer from mutual interference and performance degradations. In this paper, we propose two new techniques, channel clustering and probabilistic channel visiting, to effectively improve the existing coexistence and interference mitigation mechanisms. The channel clustering technique employs statistical pattern recognition to classify the status of Bluetooth channels more accurately. The probabilistic channel visiting is used to more equitably allocate the channel resources between Bluetooth and WLAN devices. The effectiveness of these techniques is quantified by simulations. Results show that both techniques are beneficial in improving the performance of the existing mechanisms.     

引入Femtocell对CDMA网络的影响

Femtocell是极具竞争力的FMC实现手段之一,可以帮助运营商快速解决室内深度覆盖问题。主要从Femtocell系统结构入手,对引入Femtocell系统对CDMA网络的影响及其网络规划进行分析。     

A Survey on Hybrid, 3D,Interference Mitigation and Secure Data Beamforming Techniques for 5G System

By 2020 world will testimony new archaic Multi-antenna technologies like beamforming along with massive multiple-input multiple-output in 5G system. The cellular networks with 5th Generation (5G) are introduced with the determined aim of supporting a very heterogeneous service mixture, everyone with its individual detailed requirements. It largely leverages a very huge count of independently controllable antennas at the BS, and thereby attains greater enhancement regarding the energy and spectral efficiency. This paper elucidate about the Hybrid Beamforming techniques, 3D beamforming techniques, Interference mitigation between small and macro cell beamforming proficiency and secure data transmission pre-owned in beamforming technologies dispense a comprehensive analysis of all aspect of Beamforming technologies used in 5G systems.

     

Inter-WBAN Coexistence and Interference Mitigation

With promising applications in e?health and entertainment, wireless body area networks (WBANs) have attracted the in?terest of both academia and industry. If WBANs are densely deployed within a small a...