烷基糖苷季铵盐表面活性剂复配性能研究

将丁基葡萄糖苷、辛基葡萄糖苷分别与3-氯-2羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐、3-氯-2羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐按照摩尔比为1∶1,1∶0.5和1∶0.1进行复配,并测定复配体系的表面张力、临界胶束浓度(cmc)、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、泡沫性能、去污性能及乳化性能。结果表明,辛基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐酸盐类型样品和阴离子表面活性剂复配后性能良好;HLB值显示丁基葡糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十二烷基铵盐酸盐样品的表面活性和亲水性较好;当丁基葡萄糖苷和辛基葡萄糖苷质量分数为80%时,丁基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐酸盐泡沫性能、乳化性能和稳定性均较佳;丁基葡萄糖苷羟基丙基二甲基十六烷基铵盐酸盐复配体系对碳黑污布和蛋白污布去污效果较好。     

非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成

用直接法合成了非离子型表面活性剂正辛基葡萄糖苷和正十二烷基葡萄糖苷。以红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪和质谱仪对正辛基单葡萄糖昔进行了测试，证明其结构符合有关文献报道的结构。另外，还对烷基糖昔的表面张力和起泡高度进行了测试，结果表明，它具有起泡高度高、表面张力小的优点。     

N-烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以苯并咪唑、不同链长的卤代烷烃、硫酸二甲酯为原料,合成了几种烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂。通过IR1、HNMR对产物结构进行表征,测定了所得产物的表面活性和发泡性能,并计算出产物的饱和吸附量及饱和吸附面积。结果表明,合成的N-辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂的最低表面张力随烷基链增长而降低,但N-十六烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂的最低表面张力却高于十四烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂;合成的表面活性剂中,十二烷基苯并咪唑阳离子表面活性剂的发泡性能较佳,但所有的表面活性剂的泡沫稳定性均较差。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能研究

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

聚乙二醇双子表面活性剂合成与评价

本文以二乙醇胺、溴代十二烷为原料合成N,N-二羟乙基十二烷基叔胺中间体,然后将N,N-二羟乙基十二烷基叔胺与聚乙二醇进一步反应合成聚乙二醇双子表面活性剂,得到一种既能降低表面张力,又能增加水相流动黏度的新型双子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱、热分析和产品性能评价,证实合成产物为季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂。聚乙二醇双子表面活性剂表面张力≤24m N·m~(-1),临界胶束浓度(cmc)≤5×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。室内驱油实验表明,采收率提高19%以上。     

头基结构对表面活性剂在离子液体中表面活性的影响

用表面张力法和红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了3种表面活性剂:十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、十二烷基三乙基溴化铵(DTe AB)和十二烷基三羟乙基溴化铵(DTHAB)在离子液体硝酸乙胺(EAN)中的表面活性以及随温度的变化。结果表明,头基结构的微小变化,对表面活性剂在离子液体中的自组织行为有着重要影响。头基区羟基官能团的存在对表面活性剂的吸附和聚集更是有着明显的促进作用。     

头基结构对表面活性剂在离子液体中表面活性的影响

用表面张力法和红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了3种表面活性剂:十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、十二烷基三乙基溴化铵(DTe AB)和十二烷基三羟乙基溴化铵(DTHAB)在离子液体硝酸乙胺(EAN)中的表面活性以及随温度的变化。结果表明,头基结构的微小变化,对表面活性剂在离子液体中的自组织行为有着重要影响。头基区羟基官能团的存在对表面活性剂的吸附和聚集更是有着明显的促进作用。     

专利文摘

正一种UPS电源清洗剂的制备方法申请专利号:CN201510441778.0公开号:CN105112175A申请日:2015.07.26公开日:2015.12.02申请人:天津博克尼科技发展有限公司本发明涉及一种UPS电源清洗剂的制备方法,其特征在于是由天然表面活性剂月桂基葡萄糖苷、两性离子表面活性剂N-十二烷基丙氨酸、阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺和     

非共价键构筑糖基表面活性剂及其性能研究

利用N-十二烷基葡萄糖胺AGA12(和N-十二烷基乳糖胺ALA12)分别和柠檬酸以不同摩尔比通过非共价键构筑糖基表面活性剂(G-C-n和L-C-n)(n=1,2,3).通过表面张力和电导率等手段,研究了单链烷基糖胺(AGA12、ALA12)与柠檬酸摩尔比和亲水基团对G-C-n和L-C-n水溶液性能的影响.结果表明,随着...     

新型纤维缠绕张力控制系统研究

本文针对多轴纤维缠绕机数控系统,提出了一种集成于运动控制器平台上的纤维缠绕张力控制系统的方案。利用运动控制器的剩余通道,采用张力反馈式控制方式和控制器的计算功能完成了对张力的精密闭环控制。研制了以编码器为反馈元件的新型张力测量装置,实现了基于同一个可编程运动控制器的缠绕机运动控制与张力控制的集成。     

Restricted dissolution and derivatization capacities of cellulose fibres under uniaxial elongational stress

Cellulose is a future major source of materials and biofuel but its extraction and its chemical or enzymatic treatments are difficult, polluting and inefficient tasks. The accessibility of the reagents to cellulose chains is indeed limited. Classical evocated reasons for this lack of accessibility are pore structure, tight hydrogen bond arrays, crystallinity and presence of resistant materials like lignin. Studying dissolution of cotton hairs and regenerated cellulose fibres in various solvents under uniaxial tension, we found that tension is preventing these fibres to dissolve in chemicals that would dissolve the same cellulose fibres tension-free. We show that what is controlling dissolution is not the degree of swelling since, at the same degree of swelling, fibres under tension do not dissolve while fibres without tension do. An important result is that when a fibre under tension (thus swollen but not dissolved) is breaking, it is immediately dissolving. Under tension, when the solvent is present around cellulose chains, it is activated to solvate the chains only when tension stress is released. A chemical reaction like acetylation of cellulose fibre under tension also gives an interesting result. The degree of substitution remains very low while the same experiment performed without tension leads to higher degree of substitution followed by the dissolution of the fibre (even increasing further the DS due to homogeneous reaction). We postulate that the lack of dissolution capacity or reacting activity under tension can be due to the hampering of local conformational movements, cellulose chains being not able to perform axial movements. The availability of performing local conformational movements could be a main component of cellulose activation.     

Examination of the parameters governing oily soil removal from synthetic substrates

The rate of removal of mineral oil soils from model polyester sub-strates by the roll-up mechanism shows a marked dependence on nonionic surfactant concentration even above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Similarly, although the solid/water interfacial tension is observed to be constant, the equilibrium oil/water inter-facial tension in these systems consistently decreases as the nonionic surfactant concentration is increased. The dependence of removal time and oil/water interfacial tension on surfactant concentration above the cmc is most pronounced for nonionic surfactants having relatively high cmc. At a given concentration, surfactants exhibiting the lowest equilibrium oil/water interfacial tension generally provide the most effective soil removal, suggesting that the reported depen-dence of removal time on surfactant concentration is related to the commensurate lowering of the oil/water interfacial tension. Nonyl phenol ethoxylates perform exceptionally well with mineral oil on polyester substrates because of the combination of a low oil/water interfacial tension and high solid/water adhesion tension. Regardless of surfactant structure, mineral oil on Teflon FEP maintains a high contact angle in the water because the solid/oil interfacial tension is less than the solid/water interfacial tension. Oil removal in such systems occurs only by an inefficient necking and drawing process. Oleyl alcohol displays a high contact angle in the water on both Teflon FEP and Mylar substrates for reasons similar to that of mineral oil on Teflon FEP. Partial oil removal occurs from both substrates in selected built systems, presumably because a low oil/ water interfacial tension promotes necking and drawing. Given sufficient time, unremoved oils develop a liquid crystalline phase which results in slow oil removal via dispersion. Triolein soils also possess a relatively low solid/oil interfacial tension and similarly exhibt a high contact angle (in water) on both Teflon FEP and Mylar substrates in unbuilt surfactant systems. Builder addition lowers the oil/water interfacial tension and thereby prompts necking and drawing action.     

Surface Tension in Polymer Blends of Isotactic Poly(propylene) and Atactic Polystyrene

The surface tension of atactic polystyrene (PS), isotactic poly(propylene) (PP) and PS/PP‐blends, and additionally the interfacial tension between PP/PS have been measured in the temperature range between 200 and 280°C using the pendant drop method. Within the temperature range studied, the surface tension decreased linearly with increasing temperature for all systems whereas the surface tension of neat PP is approximately 7 mN/m smaller than the value of PS. The interfacial tension between PS and PP is in the range of approximately 4 mN/m and this indicates a strong incompatibility. It results a heterogeneous PP/PS blend morphology. A significant increase of the surface tension of the blends as a function of composition is observed only when the PS content exceeds 60 wt.‐%. Furthermore, microscopic observations indicate that even if the bulk matrix material is PS, a thin layer of PP can be detected by atomic force microscopy on the droplet surface used for surface tension measurements.     

Determination of dynamic interfacial tension in a pulsed column under mass transfer condition

Interfacial tension is an essential physical property in two-phase flow, and it changes due to the mass transfer. The measurement of dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) in such a condition is a difficult problem. In the previous study (Zhou et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2019; 197:172–183), we presented the quantitative relation between the droplet breakup frequency function (DBFF) and interfacial tension. It is found that the DBFF is highly depended on interfacial tension. Therefore, the DBFF is a suitable parameter to quantitatively characterize the interfacial tension. Based on this concept, the DIFT in the column is determined by regression method after the DBFF under mass transfer condition is measured. It is found that the DIFT is smaller than the static interfacial tension. This result indicates that interphase mass transfer leads to decreasing of the interfacial tension. The decreasing extent of the DIFT has a positive correlation with the mass transfer flux.     

纤维张力对复合材料管道缠绕轨迹影响分析

为实现复合材料管道纤维缠绕优质成型,纤维张力起关键作用,其张力波动的程度直接影响复合材料管道成型的性能。为减小缠绕过程中张力大小差异,规划缠绕轨迹时需考虑纤维张力的影响,提出在机械臂末端增添预设张力负载的方法规划缠绕轨迹。建立六自由度机械臂缠绕模型,用MATLAB对机械臂的缠绕轨迹进行设计,通过建立MATLAB与ADAMS的联合仿真平台,对有无张力负载下的机械臂末端质心位移曲线进行仿真分析,并搭建张力控制实验平台,进行机械臂末端有无张力负载复合材料管道的纤维缠绕实验,实验表明有张力负载下规划的缠绕轨迹能有效抑制缠绕过程中张力的波动程度。     

Interfacial tension of polycaprolactone/polystyrene blends by the imbedded fiber retraction method

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that is widely used in blends with synthetic and natural polymers for various applications. PCL is blended with biopolymers such as starch to improve its wet mechanical properties without impairing the biodegradability and other useful properties of starch. In spite of its importance, little is known about the interfacial tension of PCL blends. Indirect estimates of the room‐temperature interfacial tension of PCL blends using wettability methods have been reported. However, direct measurements of the interfacial tension of PCL blends have not been achieved until now, mainly because of the unsuitability of existing equilibrium methods for measuring the interfacial tension of high viscosity blends. We have measured the interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends using the imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) method. The IFR is a dynamic method that allows for the measurement of interfacial tension of high viscosity polymer blends in a relatively short period of time. The interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends was measured from 160 to 200°C. In this temperature range, the interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends is independent of temperature and has a value of 7.6 ± 1.8 dyn/cm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3145–3151, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10178     

The effect of surface tension on phase distribution of two-phase flow in a micro-T-junction

An experimental investigation has been conducted to study the effect of surface tension on phase distribution of gas–liquid two-phase ?ow through a T-junction with diameter 0.5 mm. It is found that the decrease in liquid surface tension makes the liquid taken off reduce when inlet flow pattern is slug flow, slug-annular and annular flow. These results highlight that phase distribution is remarkably influenced by surface tension in micro-T-junctions. To be specific, the surface tension contributes positively to liquid taking off. High surface tension seems to make the liquid capture more kinetic energy transported from the gas and dissipate it in form of vortexes. It is suggested that phase distribution in micro-T-junctions can be partly controlled by adjusting liquid surface tension.     

The surface chemistry of water-reducible polymer solutions/dispersions 1. Surface tension behavior

Both static tension and dynamic surface tension of water-reducible (W/R) polymer solutions were carefully examined. It is shown that the cosolvent and its concentration are controlling factors in surface tension behavior for most concentration regions of W/R polymer solutions. This is true for both static and dynamic surface tensions. The polymer and its concentration have a much smaller effect on static surface tension than does the cosolvent. Much of the dynamic surface tension correlates with the bulk shear viscosity of W/R polymer solutions. The examination of cosolvent /water mixtures shows a critical solution concentration (CSC) for most cosolvents, analogous to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in surfactant solutions. Both CSC and CMC originate from the same structural characteristics, i.e. molecules having a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Typically cosolvents have a less hydrophobic nature so values of CSC are higher than those typical of CMC for surfactants. This CSC plays a unique role in the surface tension of W/R polymer solutions. Above the CSC, constant surface tension is observed, while below the CSC a rapid increase in surface tension with decrease of cosolvent concentration occurs.     

Measurement and modelling of the interfacial tension of triglyceride mixtures in contact with dense gases

The interfacial tension of various triglyceride mixtures in contact with carbon dioxide is compared. The interfacial tension of these triglyceride mixtures is similar. The interfacial tension in contact with carbon dioxide and nitrogen decreases with increasing pressure. Concerning the interfacial tension in contact with carbon dioxide, the interfacial tension increases at higher pressure with rising temperature. The interfacial tension of triglyceride mixtures and of many other liquids in contact with carbon dioxide can be described as a function of the carbon dioxide density.The modelling of the interfacial tension of triglycerides in contact with carbon dioxide or nitrogen using the density gradient theory (Macromolecules 14 (1981) 361) and the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state (J. Phys. Chem. 80 (1976a/b) 2352 and 2568) is successful if one parameter for nitrogen and two parameters for carbon dioxide are employed. Nevertheless, an appropriate equation of state must be utilized for modelling the interfacial tension of a system. For complex systems, e.g. for triglyceride mixtures, it is indispensable to check the equation of state by means of experimental equilibrium data (e.g. density, volume, or mole fraction).