离心辅助微模塑法制备Fe-Ni合金微流道

采用离心辅助微模塑方法,制备了Fe-Ni合金微流道。着重考察了分散剂含量和pH值对浆料分散性的影响,结果表明当分散剂含量为1.5wt%和pH=4时,Fe-Ni乙醇基浆料的分散性最好。用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复制带有微结构的原始硅模板,在PDMS弹性模上采用离心注模方法进行浆料的微成形。最终制备出微结构完整、表面无裂纹、致密的Fe-Ni合金微流道,其最大线性收缩率为12.7%,致密度为97.3%,说明离心辅助微模塑法是一种可行的微器件制备方法。     

聚合物弹性印章的制作工艺

为了解决软光亥4技术中核心元件弹性印章的制备技术,对SU-8胶印模和聚合物弹性印章进行了工艺研究．通过多次实验和测量,获得了制作SU-8胶印模和聚合物弹性印章的稳定工艺参数,得到了表面形貌好、线条控制精确的SU-8胶印模和聚合物弹性印章样品,弹性印章特征线条尺寸在长宽高方向上为70mm×50μm×42μm,完全可满足软光刻技术要求,这为软刻蚀技术的进一步开发打下了良好的基础．     

基于柔性掩膜的高可靠性玻璃喷砂微加工工艺

喷砂是一种高效率的表面加工技术,将其应用于微加工领域可以实现对玻璃、硅和陶瓷等脆性材料的选择性刻蚀.本文着重探讨了掩膜性质及刻蚀条件对喷砂微加工刻蚀效率及刻蚀形貌的影响.实验中对柔性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)掩膜微结构的制备方法进行了改良,即借助精密切削工艺实现PDMS/SU-8微结构边界精确互补成形,制备了可以满足选择性刻蚀要求的掩膜结构.同时改变实验条件,研究了掩膜开口尺寸、压缩空气压强以及砂材粒径对喷砂速率及刻蚀形貌的影响.结果表明:适当增大压缩空气气压有助于待刻蚀材料从塑性到脆性的转变,刻蚀速率有明显提高.而将砂材粒径从30μm减小至20μm,可以改善成形形貌.初步研究结果表明,文中提出的玻璃喷砂微加工方法能够满足深度为500μm的玻璃通孔阵列的刻蚀要求.     

超声振动辅助T2紫铜薄板软模微胀形工艺研究

目的 解决薄板微胀形工艺中尺度效应导致的零件尺寸精度及形状精度不稳定以及板料减薄带来的成形极限下降等问题。方法 对T2紫铜薄板进行多球冠微结构胀形工艺研究,对比刚模微胀形和超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺条件下球冠微结构的成形质量,分析壁厚减薄率的变化规律,研究超声振动保压时间对球冠形貌及胀形高度的影响,对比分析紫铜薄板厚度对球冠胀形质量的影响规律。结果 超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺能够提高球冠微结构胀形极限,促进材料均匀变形,改善壁厚分布,相比于刚模微胀形,在超声作用下壁厚减薄率降低了约7%。超声振动保压时间越长,球冠贴模性越好,当保压时间为80 s时,球冠相对高度提升了0.1 mm。板料厚度越薄,成形极限越低,当板料厚度为100μm时,球冠成形质量及成形精度最高,在超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺条件下,球冠成形极限进一步提高。结论 超声振动与软模相结合的复合成形方法能够降低T2紫铜薄板微胀形尺度效应的不利影响,抑制壁厚过度减薄,显著提升胀形精度和成形极限。     

粉末微注射成形ZrO_2微结构表面质量控制

采用粉末微注射成形技术制得了二氧化锆陶瓷微结构件,注射成形最小微结构尺寸为Φ300μm×250μm.分析了微注射成形工艺参数、模具抽真空及硅模具对微结构表面质量的影响.实验结果表明在模具温度和注射压力较低时,相同工艺参数下随着微型腔尺寸的减小微结构顶端的表面平整度逐渐下降,提高模具温度和注射压力以及注射前对模具进行抽真空可以改善微结构表面平整度.另外,注射前的模具抽真空有助于减少微结构的表面气孔.亚微米陶瓷超细粉的使用明显改善了烧结后微结构的表面质量,其表面粗糙度值由烧结前的0.33μm降低为约0.28μm.     

高温合金电磁软接触近净成形定向凝固研究

传统高温合金叶片类铸件制备过程中,熔体长时间受到陶瓷模壳材料的污染,性能难以提高,借助于电磁软接触成形技术中的电磁压力使高温合金熔体呈半悬浮状态,减少了熔体与磁模结晶器的接触面积和时间,提高了合金熔炼和成形的纯净度,同时将该技术和定向凝固技术相结合开发了一种实现高温合金复杂形状电磁软接触成形定向凝固的工艺,并探讨了该工艺下3种结晶器材料（陶瓷、磁模和石墨）中磁感应强度的分布规律,结果表明,石墨套高度对磁模结晶器磁感应强度的大小和分布以及熔体温度场有很大影响。通过调整上下线圈功率和抽拉速度等工艺参数成功地制备了大小两种近叶片形状的高温合金电磁软接触成形的定向凝固样件。．     

陶瓷微结构件的注射成形工艺及其微观组织

采用粉末微注射成形技术制作了ZrO2陶瓷微结构件,分析了其注射成形工艺,包括喂料配制、注射工艺及烧结工艺对微观组织的影响.实验结果表明,粉末体积分数为55%的生坯注射成形后在1 500℃下烧结2 h,采用排水法测得其微结构相对密度高达98.5%,采用纳米硬度分析法得到其微结构的显微硬度值为13.75 GPa.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,提高模具温度和注射压力,有利于微结构的填充,进而改善微结构件的微观组织;高的烧结温度可以增加零件的致密度,但容易导致晶粒的过度长大和尺寸不均匀.激光共聚焦光学显微镜观察结果表明,使用亚微米级陶瓷超细粉得到的微结构具有良好的表面质量,其烧结前、后的表面粗糙度值分别为0.33μm和0.28μm.此外,提高粉末含量可以减小零件收缩率,从而有利于微结构的尺寸精度控制.     

胶态无模快速成形陶瓷制件的应用及发展趋势

胶态无模快速成形陶瓷制件由于具有成形精度高、可机械加工能力好、能够制备大尺寸,复杂形状陶瓷制件等特点而备受关注。本文综述了近年来发展迅速的几种陶瓷胶态无模快速成型技术。着重介绍了各种技术的成形原理和方法、工艺过程及研究现状等,通过比较分析了不同快速成型制造技术在陶瓷零件制造中的特点及其存在的问题,对于陶瓷零件成形时不同成形技术的选择提出了一些参考意见,并结合课题组研究成果展望了胶态成形的发展趋势。     

TA1纯钛微型杯件软模微拉深成形工艺研究

目的 提高现有微成形工艺的可成形性,解决薄板易破裂等缺陷,探究薄板软模微拉深成形工艺的工艺参数对成形性的影响,致力于制造具有更大拉深比的微型杯件。方法 采用退火后的纯钛薄板作为原始板材,设计了薄板的软模微拉深成形模具进行实验。实验中探讨了工艺参数和材料参数对微型杯件极限拉伸比的影响。工艺参数包括压边力、橡胶性能和润滑方式,材料参数主要是晶粒尺寸。结果 通过控制压边力能够避免微拉深工艺中的缺陷。压边力过低会导致法兰区域起皱,压边力过高会导致上圆角部位破裂。采用刚度系数为72N/mm的压边弹簧能够有效避免起皱和破裂。选用硬度为65HA的聚氨酯橡胶能够成形出极限拉深比最大（为2.64）的纯钛微型杯件。软模微拉深工艺必须采用有效的润滑方式来提高板材的流动行为。采用蓖麻油润滑能够有效避免微型杯件的破裂缺陷。板材的晶粒尺寸对极限拉深比的影响是最强烈的。晶粒尺寸为8.4μm的纯钛薄板能够制造出极限拉深比为2.64的微型杯件,而随着晶粒尺寸的增大,微型杯件的极限拉深比显著下降。结论 通过软模微拉深工艺并且采用合适的工艺参数成功制备了极限拉深比为2.64的微型杯件,与现有工艺相比,所获得的微型杯件的极限...     

特种陶瓷材料胶态无模成形技术研究进展

综述了特种陶瓷胶态无模成形技术的研究进展.按照陶瓷浆料固结方式的不同对其进行了分类,分别为通过液体排除、物理或化学胶凝及颗粒流动进行陶瓷浆料固结的无模成形技术.对基于不同固结方式的各种成形方法的原理、工艺过程及应用进行了详细的分析.最后对陶瓷胶态无模成形技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.