Fresh Mushroom Quality as Affected by Modified Atmosphere Packaging

The effect of O₂ concentration, at 2–6% CO₂ on shelf-life of fresh mushrooms in modified atmosphere packages (MAP) was studied. For conventional mushrooms optimum in-package O₂ was 6% to reduce cap development. Mushrooms irrigated with 0.3% calcium chloride during cropping had a higher rate of maturation and optimum O₂ was 2% during storage. At this low O₂ concentration, however, storage may be potentially hazardous and is not recommended. Surface moisture of mushrooms significantly increased during storage and may have obscured any beneficial effect of MAP on mushroom color. Precise control of relative humidity in the package is recommended.     

Mesophilic Aerobic Population of Fresh-cut Spinach as Affected by Chemical Treatment and Type of Packaging Film

ABSTRACT: Fresh-cut spinach was treated with citric acid and ascorbic acid solutions and packaged in mono-oriented polypropylene bags or low-density polyethylene bags. Response surface methodology was used to study the simultaneous effect of chemical treatment and refrigerated storage time on headspace gas composition, mesophilic aerobic population (AP), and pH of fresh-cut spinach. Type of film affected %CO₂, %O₂, and pH but did not influence AP. Chemical treatment reduced initial pH values and initial microbial counts. AP and pH increased during refrigerated storage. The model developed for AP enabled finding acid concentrations that lowered AP below any proposed microbiological criterion at production and consumption stages of fresh-cut spinach stored at 4 °C.     

初始气体比例对白玉菇常温气调贮藏品质的影响

在分析不同薄膜包装材料对白玉菇自发气调保鲜过程中气体成分影响规律的基础上,筛选出3组白玉菇气调包装的初始气体比例,以充入空气为对照组,考察不同气调包装条件下的白玉菇常温贮藏过程中的生理、生化指标的变化。结果表明:白玉菇对CO2敏感,高浓度CO2会增加白玉菇的褐变程度,当初始气体比例为O20.4%+CO213.0%+N286.6%时,可有效推迟白玉菇呼吸高峰及PPO活性高峰;保持较低的失重率及较高的硬度;包装内形成低O2和高CO2气体组成,可使白玉菇可溶性总糖含量维持在较高水平上。保鲜时间可达7d以上,具有较好的保鲜效果。     

南美白对虾冰温气调保鲜效果评价

将鲜南美白对虾进行空气包装(AP)、真空包装(VP)、气调包装(MAP,75% CO2/25% N2),分别冰温(－2.3～0℃)贮藏和冰藏,通过研究样品贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力、总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数(TPC)、汁液流失率(DL)的变化,结合感官指标评价冰温气调保鲜的效果。结果表明：南美白对虾的PPO活力变化与腐败变质同步;冰温结合MAP能有效防止褐变,货架期可达10d,比冰藏结合AP延长了约3倍,此时样品色泽良好,TPC、TVB-N、DL分别为5.4(lg(CFU/g))、25.6mg/100g、3.13%,而其他包装样品已腐败。VP也能较好的保持色泽,但贮藏后期汁液流失相对严重,影响外观。     

气调包装对杨桃贮藏品质的影响

以香蜜甜杨桃为材料,研究12℃条件下、非气调包装、被动气调包装(初始气体比例为21%O2+0%CO2+79%N2)和主动气调包装(初始气体比例为5%O2+5%CO2+90%N2)对杨桃果实保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:与非气调包装相比,被动气调包装和主动气调包装在一定程度上延迟了杨桃色泽的黄化,使果实的失重率维持在2%以内,果实硬度维持在0.4 MPa以上,3种包装在这3个指标的测量值上差异显著(P≤0.05)。对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC的含量和pH值的维持效果来说,主动气调包装比被动气调包装的维持效果好,两者的差异极显著(P≤0.05)。被动气调包装与主动气调包装的总酚和类黄酮含量得到有效地维持,两者无显著差异(P≤0.05)。与非气调包装相比,主、被动气调包装都抑制了过氧化物酶的活力,使其达峰时间从25 d推迟到35d。果皮色泽、失重率和硬度可作为杨桃是否衰老的指标,非气调包装、被动气调包装和主动气调包装的杨桃的货架期分别为20～25 d,25～35 d和35～40 d。     

低氧包装对糙米陈化和品质的影响

为探究气调包装对糙米储藏期间品质的影响,分别采用空气、真空、100％N2、90％N2+10％O2和70％N2+30％O2包装糙米,研究在长期储藏过程中(6个月)糙米的品质变化情况.研究发现,在所有包装方式中,90％N2+10％O2包装展现出最好的储藏效果.与空气对照相比,L *值增加22％,b *值降低15％,细菌总数...     

包装方式和宰后不同时间包装对羊肉品质的影响

为探究包装方式和宰后不同时间包装对羊肉贮藏品质的影响,本研究对宰后1 h热分割羊肉和冷却成熟24 h后的分割羊肉分别进行热收缩包装、真空包装、贴体包装、50%（体积分数,下同）O2+50%CO2气调包装,测定其在（2±2）℃贮藏过程中pH值、色泽、贮藏损失率、蒸煮损失率、离心损失率、剪切力、挥发性气味的变化。结果表明：与宰后24 h包装相比,宰后1 h包装羊肉pH值在贮藏14 d时更高,但其贮藏期间色泽较好,色泽稳定性更高,贮藏损失率更低。从整体来看,3种真空处理（热收缩包装、真空包装、贴体包装）羊肉嫩度均优于气调包装羊肉,且宰后1 h包装时真空条件处理对羊肉嫩化效果最好,宰后24 h羊肉在贮藏前期气调包装对羊肉嫩化效果较好;而无论何时包装,热收缩包装和气调包装羊肉贮藏损失率均显著小于其他处理组（P<0.05）,在贮藏前期色泽及稳定性较好,但贮藏后期色泽稳定性下降明显,气调包装羊肉在14 d时已部分发绿,贮藏21 d时挥发性气味变化显著。综上,宰后1 h包装有利于提高羊肉贮藏期间色泽及持水力,改善真空处理羊肉嫩度,宰后24 h包装可提高50%O2+50%CO2气调包装羊肉贮藏前期...     

高氧气调包装对绿芦笋木质化的影响

以空气包装为对照,研究了60% O2+20% CO2+20% N2、80% O2+20% CO2 和100% O2 高氧气调包装的绿芦笋在(4 ± 1)℃贮藏28d 期间失重率、叶绿素含量、木质素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明：高氧气调包装可以减缓绿芦笋的失重,抑制叶绿素的降解、木质素含量的上升,抑制PAL和POD 酶活性的上升。80% O2+20% CO2 气调包装贮藏条件下绿芦笋失重较小、色泽保持良好、木质化程度较低。该条件可较好地延长绿芦笋货架期并保持其良好的品质。     

微波热烫和气调包装对中央厨房用胡萝卜理化特性及品质的影响

胡萝卜经去皮、切分等加工后容易受到氧气和微生物的作用而发生腐败变质,因此,需要合适的保鲜方法延缓其品质劣变。作者研究微波热烫和气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜贮藏品质的影响。对胡萝卜进行微波热烫和气调包装处理后,每隔5 d测定胡萝卜样品的硬度、β-胡萝卜素质量分数、水分质量分数、水分活度、水分状态、过氧化物酶活性、颜色和微生物数量等指标。微波热烫可以有效降低胡萝卜中的微生物数量,并降低其水分迁移率。相比之下,对照样品中自由水（T₂₄）的质量分数更为突出。360 W微波热烫300 s结合高氧气调包装（体积分数80% O₂、10% CO₂、10% N₂）降低了储藏期内胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素的降解、硬度的损失和过氧化物酶的活性,且更好地控制了胡萝卜中水分活度和水分质量分数的增加。低功率微波热烫结合高氧气调包装是一种有效的保鲜方法,可用于改善胡萝卜的储藏品质。     

Quality of Shredded, Packaged Carrots as Affected by Different Washing Treatments

ABSTRACT: Different washing treatments with chlorinated and ozonated water were applied to carrots ( Daucus carota L.) on an industrial scale to improve the sensorial and microbial quality of packaged ready-to-eat produce. Quality of shredded carrots was determined by sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis. Washing shredded carrots resulted in increased sugar leaching and loss of sensorial quality, whereas prewashing uncut carrots with chlorine ensured sugar retention, reduced microbial load, and concurrently minimized cross-contamination. Comparable germ reduction was not achieved by prewashing with ozone. These findings demonstrated that prewashing uncut carrots with chlorine provided sufficient microbiological safety paired with improved sensorial properties.     

Influence of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Osmotic Dehydration on the Quality Maintenance of Minimally Processed Guavas

ABSTRACT: The quality of minimally processed guavas ( Psidium guajava L.), osmotically dehydrated and packed under passive modified atmosphere, was evaluated during 24 d of storage at 5 °C. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers had a strong influence on color preservation and weight loss of the guavas. Significant changes in the texture were found due to osmotic dehydration, but the color of the fresh fruit remained unchanged. Osmotically dehydrated guavas stored in MAP showed good microbial conditions during storage. The combination of storage temperature, modified atmosphere packaging, and the osmotic dehydration process maintained the quality of the guavas during 24 d of storage.     

气调包装对鲜切菠萝品质的影响分析

该试验研究了包装材料对鲜切菠萝贮藏品质的影响。采用自发气调袋包装鲜切菠萝,对照组选用普通菠萝保鲜袋,置于4 ℃低温贮藏。测评了鲜切菠萝感官评价,探究了包装袋气体成分变化、硬度、可溶性固形物（TSS）、可滴定酸（TA）、抗坏血酸（Vc）、丙二醛（MDA）、乙醇等各项指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,气调袋包装的鲜切菠萝在贮藏期间O2浓度保持在11.29%以上,CO2浓度保持在3.03%以下,贮藏12 d感官得分为9.67分,硬度下降11.17%,TSS下降19.44%,TA下降12.14%,Vc含量下降21.78%,有效缓解了鲜切菠萝各生理指标下降的趋势。与普通保鲜袋相比,气调袋抑制了菠萝MDA含量和乙醇含量的增加,普通袋MDA含量为3.52 μmol/g,而气调袋为2.99 μmol/g,缓解了鲜切菠萝的膜脂过氧化;普通袋乙醇含量高达615.9 μg/g,而气调袋乙醇含量仅为120.68 μg/g,大大减少了菠萝在贮藏期间无氧呼吸产生乙醇。因此,采用自发气调袋包装有效的保持了鲜切菠萝的品质,延长了鲜切菠萝的贮藏期,具有广阔的市场前景。     

肉类CAP保鲜效果的研究

用 φO2 +φCO2 =75 % +2 5 %、φO2 +φCO2 =5 0 % +5 0 %、φO2 +φCO2 =2 5 % +75 %以及空气分别对牛肉、猪肉进行充气包装 ,并于 4℃贮藏。通过感官评定及pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB N)、细菌总数的测定 ,研究了不同CAP(controlledatmospherepackaging)对肉类的保鲜效果。结果表明 :CAP包装对牛肉的保鲜效果优于猪肉 ;保鲜效果随O2 和CO2 的体积分数的不同而有差异 ,φO2 +φCO2 =75 % +2 5 %的气体组成对肉的护色效果较好 ,φO2 +φCO2 =2 5 %+75 %的气体组成虽然无明显护色效果 ,但具有一定的抑菌效果     

包装膜透性对西兰花采后冷藏品质变化的影响

本文研究了具有不同氧气（O2）和二氧化碳（CO2）透过率的包装膜对西兰花采后自发气调包装保鲜过程中包装袋内气体成分及西兰花贮藏品质变化的影响。采用预冷后的新鲜西兰花,经4种不同O2和CO2透过量的聚乙烯薄膜密封包装,包装袋尺寸为30 cm×25 cm,调查了不同包装处理在1±0.5 ℃下冷藏60 d包装袋内气体成分、组织电导率、色差、感官指标、Vc和叶绿素指标的变化情况。结果表明,在本试验条件下,不同O2和CO2透过率的包装膜对包装袋内气体成分、色差L*值和西兰花贮藏品质及货架期具有显著影响（p<0.05）。其中,O2和CO2透过率分别为16398.3 cm3/m2?24 h?0.1 MPa和68644.9 cm3/m2?24 h?0.1 MPa的包装膜从贮藏第1 d开始即可维持包装袋内O2（11.86~15.78 kPa/500 g）和CO2（2.61~4.25 kPa/500 g）水平达到相对稳定状态,直至贮藏期结束袋内西兰花仍保持较好的新鲜度和总体感官品质。     

气调包装对牛肉保鲜效果的影响

冷却牛肉的嫩化及保鲜问题在一定程度上制约了冷却牛肉的普及和发展,气调包装是一种通过调节和控制食品所处环境中气体组成的保鲜方法,并在一定时间内保持相对稳定,以抑制或延缓产品的变质过程,从而达到延长保鲜期和提高保鲜效果的目的。本实验以牛肉为包装对象,通过研究5种不同透气性包装材料在气调包装(45%氧气+30%二氧化碳+25%氮气)气体比例的充气包装方式下,每天对牛肉菌落总数、酸碱值、挥发性盐基氮值、色泽、包装袋内气体含量的变化和剪切力进行测定分析。结果表明:以聚丙烯-聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的气调包装材料效果最佳。     

气调包装对馒头品质及保鲜效果的影响

为延长馒头的货架期,研究了气调包装对馒头品质及保鲜效果的影响。在馒头冷却过程中辅以紫外照射,采用不同的气体条件(100%N_2,80%N_2和20%CO_2,50%N_2和50%CO2,20%N2和80%CO_2)对馒头进行包装,以空气包装为对照,测定馒头在25℃贮藏过程中微生物、理化及感官评定指标的变化。结果表明:紫外照射可有效防止二次污染。贮藏过程中馒头的菌落总数整体呈现上升趋势,包装顶空CO_2浓度越大,抑菌效果越显著,20%N2和80%CO_2气调包装的馒头在贮藏8 d后,菌落总数仍低于104cfu/g;馒头的水分含量和L*值逐渐下降;a*值、b*值和硬度呈现上升的趋势,感官上保持了馒头原有的色泽、风味和质地。高浓度CO_2的气调包装是保鲜馒头的理想手段,可将馒头的货架期延长至8 d以上。     

Monitoring the sensorial and microbiological quality of pasteurized white asparagus at different storage temperatures

Changes in sensory quality and proliferation of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in pasteurized white asparagus were measured as a function of storage temperature. The main sensorial attributes studied with regard to storage time were the general appearance of the product, turgidity and package swelling. There was a significant correlation between the deterioration in sensorial quality and microbial evolution, which was even more marked at higher temperatures. After 13 days at 4°C, 6 days at 10°C, 5 days at 20°C and 84 h at 30°C organoleptic deterioration and, consequently, the end of shelf life were detected. A significant growth of spoilage flora was observed, which might be responsible for the drop in pH levels during the final period of analysis (from 6.3 to 3.5–4 until 148 h). There was greater lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth as the temperature and CO₂ concentration increased, reaching a final concentration of approximately 10⁸ CFU g^?1 at all temperatures. We found no positive samples of Clostridium spp at 10 and 4°C. Among the species isolated at 20–30°C Clostridium septicum and in lower proportions Clostridium perfringens were encountered. The possible presence of Listeria monocytogenes was analyzed, but there were no positive samples in the final product. Pasteurized white asparagus maintains good organoleptic characteristics with a relatively long shelf‐life at low temperatures, which leads to an adequate acceptance among consumers. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同包装条件对羊肉发酵香肠品质特性的影响

比较短期贮藏过程中气调包装、真空包装以及普通包装对羊肉发酵香肠品质特性的影响。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,各实验组羊肉发酵香肠中乳酸菌数显著下降（P＜0.05）;气调包装组羊肉发酵香肠中的葡萄球菌数保持稳定,真空包装组中菌落总数显著低于其他2 组（P＜0.05）;各实验组挥发性氨基氮（total volatile basenitrogen,TVB-N）值、硫代巴比妥酸值在香肠贮藏过程中均呈上升趋势,且普通包装组TVB-N值显著高于其他实验组（P＜0.05）;普通包装组的水分活度下降显著（P＜0.05）,真空包装组和气调包装组的变化不显著（P＞0.05）;包装方式对pH值影响较小,各组pH值虽呈上升趋势但无显著差异;在色泽方面,气调包装组的a*值和b*值均优于其他2 组,且其在咀嚼性和弹性方面均优于其他2 组。综合以上各项特性,气调包装能够较好地保持羊肉发酵香肠的特性,更适合用于羊肉发酵香肠的包装及贮藏。     

紫外线杀菌结合气调包装技术对带鱼品质的影响

为研究紫外线杀菌结合气调包装（modified atmosphere packaging,MAP）技术对带鱼品质的影响,以4 ℃真空冷藏鲜带鱼为空白对照,采用紫外线（253.7 nm）照射处理实验组带鱼,并对其进行不同气体比例的MAP,置于4 ℃条件冷藏。贮藏期间以带鱼的感官评分、硫代巴比妥酸值、挥发性盐基氮含量和菌落总数4 项指标作为带鱼品质的判定依据,对不同处理条件下带鱼品质的变化进行对比分析。结果表明：4 ℃真空包装贮藏条件下的带鱼可贮藏6 d,而在紫外线照射条件下,采用不同气体比例的MAP可将带鱼的保质期分别延长至12 d（50% CO2＋20% O2＋30% N2）、10 d（40% CO2＋20% O2＋40% N2）、13 d（60% CO2＋40% N2）和15 d（60% CO2＋7% O2＋33% N2）。这说明相比于4 ℃真空包装的贮藏条件,紫外线杀菌结合MAP技术能够有效延长带鱼贮藏期,在抑制带鱼脂肪氧化的同时阻碍带鱼体内细菌的生长。     

Influence of Packaging Films on the Sensory and Microbiological Evolution of Minimally Processed Borage (Borrago officinalis)

The atmospheres prevalent in borage packaged in 5 different films, together with different water‐vapor permeabilities of the films, determined the evolution of the visual and microbiological quality of borage. PVC films proved inadequate to extend the sensory quality since the samples packaged with the films were spoiled on day 9, whereas among the P‐Plus films, the least permeable film was the most adequate to extend the sensory quality of borage until day 15. For most of the treatments, no correlation between the microbial growth and changes in appearance was found. Thus, some treatments with a fair sensory evaluation had microbial counts higher than those allowed by the European legislation.