Experimental and numerical analysis of gas entrapment defects in plate ADC12 die castings

During die casting process, liquid melt injected fills die cavity with high velocity, which commonly results in entrapment of gas and induces final porosities. In this study, the plate ADC12 die castings were fabricated. The tensile specimens were obtained from the casting of different parts, and mechanical properties of the specimens were measured. The fractions and maximum size of porosities induced by gas entrainment were analyzed quantitatively. The effect of the fraction and size on the mechanical properties was analyzed and discussed, and the critical porosity fraction and size were proposed for ADC12 die castings. Furthermore, the gas entrapment of the plate die castings was simulated numerically. The simulation results were compared with the experimental analysis, and then discussed.     

Characterization of the Grain Structures in Vacuum-Assist HighPressure Die Casting AM60B Alloy

The structures in vacuum-assist high-pressure die casting(HPDC) AM60 B alloy were studied by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer.It was found that the HPDC under the vacuum could significantly change the morphology and distribution of the microstructure.For both conventional and vacuum-assist HPDC processes,the externally solidified crystals(ESCs) tended to aggregate in the center along the thickness direction of the castings.Besides,the aggregation was more pronounced,and the number of ESCs decreased,and the ESCs tended to become smaller and more globular,as the distance between the specimen location and runner increased.Compared with the conventional castings,the vacuum-assist HPDC can significantly reduce the size and amount of ESCs,and the ESCs tended to be more globular.For the distribution of ESCs along the thickness of the specimens,the aggregation tendency was more pronounced in vacuum-assist die castings than that in conventional castings.Besides,the distribution of ESCs at different locations was more converged in the vacuum-assist HPDC than that in the conventional HPDC.     

Research on the squeeze cast technology of the castings with large ratio of height to thickness

1 Introduction Squeeze cast is a near-net shape casting technology. In the squeeze cast process liquid metal fills and solidifie under high pressure, which enhances the castings' feeding and forming capacities effectively, and this significantly increases the inherent quality and appearance quality o the castings. It is important for us to study squeeze cas technology in order to save raw materials, decrease energy consumption and improve the quality of castings [1-4]. The squeeze cast process…     

不同慢压射速度条件下AZ91D镁合金的真空辅助压铸

对不同慢压射速度条件下真空辅助对AZ91D镁合金压铸件组织及力学性能的影响进行了评估。在联合有自行改进的TOYO真空系统的TOYO BD-350V5型冷室压铸机上制备片状AZ91D镁合金压铸件。研究发现,充型时型腔真空压力随着慢压射速度的升高呈现3次方增长,导致真空辅助对压铸件中气孔的降低能力随着慢压射速度的降低而下降。常规和真空压铸件中压室预结晶组织（ESC）含量随着慢压射速度的变化趋势相似。在较低慢压射速度时,真空压铸件拉伸性能受ESC含量的影响很大,随着慢压射速度的升高,真空压铸件中气孔含量的影响将变得显著。     

ZL112Y半固态压铸摩托车零件的组织和性能研究

为了研究半固态高压铸造成形技术对零件的组织和力学性能的影响，对ZL112Y铝合金在半固态下压铸成形JH70型摩托车发电机支架零件进行了本体解剖，制作了金相观察试样和拉伸试验非标试样，观察了试样不同部位的组织特征，测定了零件的强度、塑性和硬度。试验结果表明，半固态压铸成形零件具有消除高压铸造零件的内中孔洞和组织疏松的特点，因此可以通过热处理来提高零件的力学性能。该半固态压铸零件的最高抗拉强度、平均抗拉强度，平均屈服强度，平均伸长率和平均硬度HRB值比液态成形零件分别提高了60.10%、50.83%、41.52%、514.29%、12.41%。     

铝合金超低速压铸工艺参数对铸件性能的影响

应用具有不同浇道尺寸的简单圆形拉伸试样研究压铸工艺参数对ADC12铝合金超低速压铸件性能的影响,以优化超低速压铸工艺及其参数。试验结果表明,各种超低速压铸工艺条件下铸件的密度都比普通压铸高,影响铸件性能的主要因素不再是气孔,而是合金的凝固组织及飞溅凝固片和氧化夹杂等缺陷。在超低速实验条件下,浇道截面尺寸越大,对铸件性能影响越大,不同浇道尺寸对应有最佳浇道速度,在试验的三种浇道条件下,最佳浇道速度均低于0.6m/s;模具预热温度、浇注温度、铸造压力都有最佳值;在无增压条件下,仅采用较大的压射压力也可使铸件获得较好的力学性能。     

冒口对A201(0.75%Ag)铝合金平板铸件力学性能影响的研究

系统地改变A201(0.75%Ag)铝合金平板铸件的长度、厚度及冒口大小,以探讨这些冒口对不同尺寸A201平板铸件抗拉强度及微孔隙的影响程度,进而在铸造生产中,可为冒口设计及金属凝固控制提供参考。型砂为100%硅砂。试验结果表明,A201铝合金平板铸件的力学性能及微孔隙受冒口补充的影响,当微孔隙增加时,会降低铸件的抗拉强度及伸长率。     

挤压铸造ZA27合金大高径比铸件

通常挤压铸造仅适用于高径比小于3.5的铸件,研究大高径比铸件的挤压铸造将扩大这种先进铸造技术的应用范围.用试验和计算机模拟的方法,研究了高径比为7的ZA27合金铸件的力学性能、凝固过程中铸件内的温度、压力以及缩松的分布.结果表明,增加挤压铸造的压力不能有效地减少大高径比铸件的缩松缺陷;合理控制浇注温度和铸型预热温度能有效地消除大高径比铸件内的缩松,获得力学性能高且均匀的铸件.     

大高径比铸件挤压铸造技术研究

用试验和计算机模拟的方法,研究了高径比为7的铸件凝固过程中的温度分布;研究了铸件中的缩松和铸件力学性能分布特点.结果表明,增加大高径比铸件挤压铸造的比压、提高铸型的预热温度不能有效地减少铸件内的缩松缺陷;采取措施使铸件顺序凝固,并使挤压力有效地作用在液体金属上,可以消除大高径比铸件内的缩松,获得高力学性能的铸件.     

真空压铸工艺参数对AM50镁合金力学性能的影响规律

采用阶梯试验模具及AM50合金,进行了系统的真空压铸试验,实测了不同厚度的阶梯试样在不同工艺条件下的密度及力学性能,研究了高真空压铸工艺参数对AM50镁合金力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,随着型腔真空压力的降低,铸件密度、抗拉强度和伸长率均随之提高;铸造压力对力学性能的影响在真空压铸和常规压铸中遵循基本相同的规律,即增大铸造压力可以使铸件的致密程度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率得到提高;随着高速速度的增大,薄壁铸件的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均表现出明显的增加,这一点与常规压铸的规律相反.结合高真空和高速工艺,可以使薄壁铸件的抗拉强度和伸长率得到较为明显的提升.     

微观组织对A201铝合金铸件机械性能之研究

系统改变A201铝合金平板铸件的长度、厚度及冒口大小,探讨微观组织中微孔隙量及树枝状晶胞尺寸(DCS)对A201铸件抗拉强度及伸长率的影响程度,进而于铸造实务工作时,可为冒口设计及金属凝固之参考,为研究的目的。砂型的种类有三种,分别是100%石英砂的A类石英砂、50%石英砂及50%铬砂的B类、及100%铬砂的C类。实验结果显示,A201铝合金平板铸件的机械性质同时受空孔量及DCS之影响,当微孔隙量增加及DCS变大时,均会降低铸件的抗拉强度及伸长率,其中微孔隙量影响为主要的因素。     

AlSi7Mg合金半固态压铸件热处理强化机理研究

对AlSi7Mg合金(A356)半固态压铸件和液态压铸件进行了不同工艺的固溶与时效热处理，分析了其显微组织与疏松度，测定了硬度、拉伸强度及延伸率等力学性能。实验得出，铝合金半固态压铸件原始态的力学性能优于液态压铸件，并且半固态压铸件时效强化效果尤其明显，拉伸强度可达330MPa以上，延伸率10％以上。这主要是由于半固态压铸件比液压件具有更加致密，且为球状的非树枝晶组织。铝合金半固态压铸件时效强化，机理主要归于弥散析出Mg2Si强化相。     

轿车底盘铝合金后副车架的压铸技术开发

针对广汽自主品牌"传祺"轿车的底盘铝合金后副车架压铸零件,从压铸合金的力学性能、压铸工艺设计及优化、模具设计及制造、铸件质量控制等方面进行了开发和研究。结果表明,采用耐热密封结构的高真空压铸模具具有良好的密封性能,可靠性高。多区域的温度测量及冷却水流量的实时调节提高了模具温度控制的精度。通过对工艺参数的优化,有效消除了铸件缺陷如裂纹、冷隔、缩孔、缩松等。开发的铝合金后副车架的铸件本体抗拉强度≥240MPa,屈服强度≥145MPa,伸长率≥6%,满足了"传祺"轿车的的使用要求。     

压铸工艺参数对ADC12Z压铸件孔洞和抗拉强度的影响

研究了铸造压力、料柄厚度、低速速度和高速速度对ADC12Z压铸件孔洞和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:铸造压力和料柄厚度对密度、孔洞面积分数、孔洞平均尺寸及抗拉强度的影响较低速速度和高速速度显著。随着铸造压力和料柄厚度增大,压铸件孔洞面积分数和孔洞平均尺寸减小,密度和抗拉强度增大。     

Characterization of flow behavior of semi-solid slurries containing low solid fractions in high-pressure die casting

Understanding the flow behavior of semi-solid slurries containing low solid fractions is key to the success in applying this process in the die casting industry. With these low initial solid fractions, the flow behavior of semi-solid slurries is quite complicated, making it difficult to model accurately. This present work developed and studied characterization methods for the flow behavior of semi-solid slurries at low solid fractions in high-pressure die casting. A new parameter, the ratio of gate speed to initial solid fraction (V_g/f_s), was proposed to be correlated to the normalized flow interface length, blister area and tensile properties. Results from the flow pattern analysis suggest that the flow behavior can be controlled to achieve laminar flow by varying the initial solid fraction. Blister test results show the trend that slurry die casting conditions with high V_g/f_s values exhibit high blister areas. Die casting conditions with excessively high gate speeds and insufficient solid fractions result in turbulent flow patterns and high levels of blister defect. The results of tensile test and fracture surface analysis are consistent with other analysis results. The samples formed by liquid die casting and slurry die casting with high V_g/f_s values have gas porosity due to turbulent flow pattern during die filling. On the other hand, the samples formed by slurry die casting with too low V_g/f_s values contain shrinkage porosity. This is because of insufficient time for shrinkage feeding due to a combination of a high solid fraction and a low gate speed. This study has demonstrated that die casting with slurries containing low initial solid fractions gives die casters another process parameter to adjust, which can help reduce and control the gas and shrinkage porosities.     

Comparison of mechanical properties of die cast aluminium alloys: cold v. hot chamber die casting and high v. low speed filling die casting

Abstract

In this paper, the mechanical properties of die cast aluminium alloys made by various die casting technologies were examined. To create high quality aluminium alloy die castings, two die casting processing technologies were employed. These were (a) ultra slow speed filling cold chamber die casting and (b) high speed hot chamber die casting. Significant improvements of the fatigue and mechanical properties were obtained for both die casting systems compared to the normal high speed cold chamber die casting technique. By comparing ultra slow die casting with hot chamber die casting, it was found that the fatigue and mechanical strengths from hot chamber die casting were higher than those for ultra slow filling die casting. The differences in material strength were attributed directly to the material properties, e.g. microstructural morphology and internal defects. Spherical fine dendritic cells in the hot chamber die casting sample gave rise to high fatigue crack growth resistance; the low crack growth resistance for cold chamber die cast aluminium is mostly due to the growth of aluminium rich α phase and the presence of eutectic silicon fibres. The fatigue strength was also related to the number of internal defects, e.g. the lower the defect rate on the fracture surface, the higher the fatigue resistance and mechanical strength. The characteristics of the principal internal defect were different depending on the die casting technology: this showed fine porosity for hot chamber die casting but solidification shrinkage and the scattered chill structure for slow and high speed cold chamber die castings. The reasons for the change of material strength were therefore influenced by the die casting process.     

真空倾转差压铸造法的应用探讨

将现有的差压铸造机改造成可真空充型倾转加压倒置的差压铸造机,它实质是集真空低压铸造、差压铸造、重力铸造的各种优点于一身的新铸造方法,它可使铸件的组织更加致密、减少打压渗漏、基本上消除铸件内的气孔及缩孔、大幅度提高材料的强度和韧性。     

真空倾转差压铸造法的应用探讨

将现有的差压铸造机改造成可真空充型倾转加压倒置的差压铸造机 ,它实质是集真空低压铸造、差压铸造、重力铸造的各种优点于一身的新铸造方法 ,它可使铸件的组织更加致密、减少打压渗漏、基本上消除铸件内的气孔及缩孔、大幅度提高材料的强度和韧性     

Optimization of Gating System Design for Die Casting of Thin Magnesium Alloy-Based Multi-Cavity LCD Housings

High-pressure die casting is the preferred process for manufacturing Mg-alloy components used for numerous applications. High-pressure die casting is suitable for mass production and has the advantage of also being suitable for accurately fashioning objects of complicated shapes. One disadvantage of high-speed die casting is the occurrence of defects such as shrinkage or air entrainment. Gating system design must be very effective in actual manufacturing facilities to avoid the occurrence of such defects. The objective of this study is to present a methodology for obtaining optimal designs of 4-cavity thin electronic component housings. The fluid behavior and amount of air entrainment caused by the overflows and air vent designs were analyzed using a computer fluid dynamics (CFD) simulator. The effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated through CFD simulations and experiments using an actual manufacturing process. Also, the effect of vacuum systems on the porosity and mechanical properties of the castings was studied. The volume of porosity in the casting was found to be significantly reduced using vacuum assistance during die casting. As a result, the tensile strength and the elongation of the die casting products are improved.     

Simulation of mold filling and prediction of gas entrapment on practical high pressure die castings

Element parameters including volume filled ratio, surface dimensionless distance, and surface filled ratio for DFDM (direct finite difference method) were proposed to describe shape and location of free surfaces in casting mold filling processes. A mathematical model of the filling process was proposed specially considering the mass, momentum and heat transfer in the vicinity of free surfaces. Furthermore, a method for gas entrapment was established by tracking flow of entrapped gas. The model and method were applied to practical ADC1 high pressure die castings. The gas entrapment prediction was compared with the fraction and maximum size of porosities in the different casting parts. The comparison shows validity of the proposed model and method. The study indicates that final porosities in high pressure die castings are dependent on both gas entrapment during mold filling process and pressure transfer within solidification period.