米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚和生育三烯酚的分析检测

对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚含量进行检测分析,结果表明,米糠来源和米糠油精炼工艺对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中α、β、γ、δ-生育酚和生育三烯酚的含量有显著影响。米糠毛油中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的60%～70%,脱臭馏出物中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的25%～40%,米糠油脱臭馏出物维生素E总量中生育三烯酚的含量较米糠毛油有较大的损失。通过对米糠油脱臭馏出物不皂化物的分析检测可知,米糠油脱臭馏出物中主要甾醇的种类为豆甾醇、菜油甾醇、谷甾醇,总甾醇含量很少,仅为0.32%;除此之外,还有少量日耳曼甾醇、羊毛甾醇、3,5-二烯豆甾烷等。     

棕榈油脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚的测定

建立的高效液相色谱法快速、准确测定棕榈油脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚同系物的含量。选用LiChrospher 100 Diol色谱柱(4.0 mm×250 mm,5μm),以正己烷和四氢呋喃为流动相(96∶4,V∶V),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 oC,VWD检测器,在紫外波长292 nm下测定。结果显示四种生育酚及四种生育三烯酚均能达到基线分离,获得很好的分离效果,该方法线性范围为0.2μg/mL～0.6 mg/mL,最底检测线浓度为0.05776 ug/mL,操作简便,重复性好,样品不需特殊处理,适合用于棕榈油脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚同系物含量的测定。     

米糠油脱臭馏出物中维生素E浓缩精制工艺研究

本文采用分子蒸馏和柱层析联用方法对米糠油脱臭馏出物中维生素E进行浓缩精制工艺研究。乙酯化预处理后的米糠油脱臭馏出物在系统压力0.1Pa、进料温度70℃、蒸馏温度128℃、进料速率2.2mL/min、刮膜转速265r/min条件下,经过一次分子蒸馏,维生素E纯度12.65%,维生素E收率83.12%。用分子蒸馏浓缩液配制浓度30mg/mL的维生素E溶液,以LS-20型改性强碱性阴离子树脂作为吸附剂,在柱温25℃、进料流速1.5mL/min、进料5%乙酸-乙醇溶液作为解析剂及流速为1.0mL/mL条件下,维生素E产品纯度为63.5%（其中生育酚TP为55.34%,生育三烯酚TT为44.66%）,收率为81.45%。     

分子蒸馏法浓缩α-生育酚的工艺研究

采用三级分子蒸馏,从大豆油脱臭馏出物中浓缩α-生育酚.一、二级分子蒸馏通过单因素试验确定优选工艺;三级分子蒸馏采用响应曲面法对操作条件进行优化.试验结果表明,将大豆油脱臭馏出物进行甲酯化预处理后,再通过3次分子蒸馏,并结合两次脱除甾醇,可明显提高生育酚质量分数,α-生育酚质量分数从0.48％提高至3.59％.     

大豆油脱臭馏出物中同时提取角鲨烯、生育酚和植物甾醇的工艺研究

采用酯化—高真空蒸馏工艺路线,从大豆油脱臭馏出物中同时提取角鲨烯、生育酚及植物甾醇。考察酯化条件(甲醇、催化剂浓硫酸用量及反应时间)对酯化率、角鲨烯和生育酚含量的影响。优化得到的最佳工艺为:催化剂浓硫酸添加量0.5%,醇油摩尔比10∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间120 min,大豆油脱臭馏出物酯化率达到98.2%,生育酚和角鲨烯保留率分别为97.7%和97.5%。酯化后的物料通过冷析结晶,抽滤得到植物甾醇粗品,滤液高真空蒸馏,初步分离得到脂肪酸甲酯、角鲨烯、生育酚等组分。各组分中角鲨烯富集到12.2%,生育酚富集到28.6%,植物甾醇富集到60%左右,初步实现了大豆油脱臭馏出物中角鲨烯、生育酚、植物甾醇的同时提取,为角鲨烯、生育酚及植物甾醇的进一步富集提供了参考依据。     

米糠油脱臭馏出物乙酯化工艺条件研究

为综合利用米糠油脱臭馏出物提取生育酚和生育三烯酚,同时得到可用于医药和食品工业的脂肪酸乙酯,本文研究米糠油脱臭馏出物乙酯化最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,米糠油脱臭馏出物乙酯化的最佳工艺条件为：脂肪酸：乙醇（mol/mol）1∶5;反应时间2.5h;温度75℃;浓硫酸：原料（wt%）3%。在该条件下,脂肪酸乙酯化率达到97.02%,VE保存率达98.48%。     

油脂脱臭馏出物的回收和利用

在油脂脱臭过程中，可以得到油脂总量约０．３％左右的馏出物，其中含有有ＶＥ效果的生育酚及甾醇等。以有效的回收工艺，将脱臭馏出物作为浓缩生育酚的原料，采用甲醇酯化和分子蒸馏组合的工艺和设备，可以制取纯度７０％以上的生育酚浓缩物，回收率在５０％—６０％。     

棕榈油脱臭馏出物的甲酯化工艺研究

研究了棕榈油脱臭馏出物甲酯化反应的最佳条件,以利于后续提取天然VE。通过单因素试验考察醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间及反应温度对甲酯化反应的影响,并采用正交试验对反应条件进行优化。结果表明,棕榈油脱臭馏出物甲酯化反应最佳工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比7.5∶1,催化剂用量1.5%,反应温度70℃,反应时间45 min。在最佳工艺条件下,棕榈油脱臭馏出物甲酯化率达到96.7%。真空蒸馏后,棕榈油脱臭馏出物甲酯化产物中天然VE含量从1.26%提高到8.20%。     

提取维生素E工艺过程生育酚损失研究

采用甲酯化、冷冻结晶离心、分子蒸馏工艺提取脱臭馏出物中维生素E,其生育酚总损失率为10%¹2%;研究工艺条件对生育酚损失影响,并对降低生育酚损失方法进行分析和探讨。     

真空蒸馏-萃取法提纯天然生育酚的工艺

以甲酯化的大豆油脱臭馏出物为原料,从中分离提纯天然生育酚.首先将甲酯化后的大豆油脱臭馏出物进行冷冻结晶,通过离心分离甾醇;然后再采用真空蒸馏和乙醇萃取工艺提纯生育酚.研究了提纯的工艺条件及工艺过程中生育酚含量的变化.实验结果表明,经过提纯后生育酚含量为55.7%,生育酚总收率约为89.0%.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the