食品中马源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测

针对马线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因设计特异性引物和探针,建立食品中马源性成分实时荧光PCR检测方法,并经特异性和灵敏度试验验证其可行性。结果表明:该体系可扩增马DNA片段,长度为127 bp,其他常见畜、禽肉成分均无法正常扩增。该体系的检测灵敏度为1.25 pg马DNA和质量分数0.001%马肉粉。经市售食品的检测验证,表明所建立的马引物探针体系具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、高效等优点,可用于对食品中马源性成分的掺假鉴别检测。     

实时荧光PCR技术快速检测食品中的牛源成分

目的:建立基于实时荧光PCR技术的食品中牛源性成分快速检测方法.方法:以牛线粒体细胞色素b为目的基因,设计特异性引物和探针,通过特异性、灵敏性实验,及模拟混合肉样和市售肉制品检测,对该体系进行验证.结果:该牛源荧光PCR检测体系具有很好的特异性及灵敏性,可检测1pg牛源DNA的存在,对于各模拟肉类样品中掺杂的牛源性成分,其检测限低至0.5％,且经市售加工食品验证具有较好的应用能力.结论:所建立的牛引物探针体系具有特异性好、灵敏度高,快速高效等优点,可用于对食品中牛源性成分的掺假鉴别检测.     

Taqman探针荧光聚合酶链式反应实时同步鉴定动物源性食品中猪肉、鸡肉源性成分

目的:建立一种能实时同步检测动物源性食品中猪肉源性和鸡肉源性成分的Taqman探针双重荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法,应用于动物源性食品的成分掺假快速检验。方法:分别依据猪和鸡的种间保守基因(Cytb)序列设计、合成特异性引物及不同荧光标记(FAM、HEX)的Taqman探针,建立可同步检测动物源性食品中的猪源性和鸡源性成分的Taqman探针双重荧光PCR方法。结果:所建立的Taqman探针双重荧光PCR检测方法特异性强,仅对猪、鸡成分有扩增;灵敏度高,最低检测到猪源、鸡源DNA的含量分别为0.02、0.10 ng;抗干扰性强,当DNA混样中猪源、鸡源性成分含量在2%以上水平时,所建立的混合检测体系均能对DNA混样给出正确判断。结论:所建立的混合检测体系具有高特异性、高灵敏度,能够适用于动物源性食品中猪肉、鸡肉成分的同时快速检测。     

食品中鸡源性成分实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的：建立基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术的食品中鸡源性成分快速检测方法。方法：以鸡线粒体细胞 色素b为目的基因,设计特异性引物和探针,通过特异性、灵敏性实验及模拟混合肉样和市售肉制品检测,对该体 系进行验证。结果：该鸡源荧光聚合酶链式反应检测体系具有很好的特异性及灵敏性,可检测3.5 pg/μL鸡源DNA 的存在;经含鸡源成分的模拟混合肉样检测,证实体系抗干扰能力强;并且通过市售食品检测表明体系可用于定性 加工食品中的鸡源成分。结论：所建立的鸡源引物探针体系具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速高效等优点,可用于对 食品中鸡源性成分的掺假鉴别。     

实时荧光PCR技术快速检测奶制品中掺入的大米源性成分

目的:建立基于实时荧光PCR技术的奶制品中掺入大米源性成分的快速检测方法。方法:以水稻的根部表达基因(gos9)为靶基因设计特异性引物和探针,经特异性实验和灵敏度实验验证引物探针可行性,并经模拟含大米奶粉及市售奶类制品检测验证其实际检测能力。结果:该引物探针体系只针对大米DNA进行扩增,与奶类主成分牛、羊及其它谷类和植物性食物DNA均无交叉扩增;最低能检测到0.1ng的大米DNA,对含大米粉的模拟混合奶粉样品,检出限可达0.1%(W/W)。将其应用于21份市售奶制品样品检测,对含大米源性成分的奶制品扩增阳性,检测结果与食品标签相符。结论:该实时荧光PCR检测体系具有快速、特异、灵敏的优点,可以准确鉴定出奶制品中大米成分,适用于奶类中掺加大米源性成分的检测。     

一种基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应的肉及肉制品中猪源性成分含量测定

为了建立一种基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应的肉及肉制品猪源性成分含量测定方法,分别以猪线粒体DNA的NADH4基因和16S rRNA基因为靶位点设计猪特异性引物、探针和通用引物、探针,建立猪源性成分含量测定方法,通过特异性、灵敏性、线性、准确度及市售肉制品检测,对该方法体系进行检验和评价.结果表明:建立的猪源性成分含量实时荧光聚合酶链式反应测定方法体系具有良好的特异性及灵敏性,最低可检测到0.4pg/μL纯猪肉DNA;无论是猪特异性体系还是通用体系都呈现良好的线性关系(R2均达到0.999以上)和较宽的线性范围;通过含猪源性成分的模拟混合肉样检测,样品猪源性成分含量的回收率平均值为122.27％,说明该方法具有较高的准确度;通过市售肉制品检测表明该方法可以用来检测实际样品(包括生鲜样品和熟肉样品)中猪源性成分含量.     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中猪源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的猪源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以猪线粒体12S rRNA基因序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立猪源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对猪肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对猪肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的猪源性成分。     

种属特异性PCR法鉴别罐头食品中猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭源性成分

建立适用于肉类罐头等长时间高温加工食品中猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭5种动物源成分种属特异性PCR鉴别方法。通过使用猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭的种属特异性引物,对5种动物的总DNA模板进行PCR扩增,得到分别为212、147、202、131、201 bp的扩增产物,将测序结果在美国国家生物技术信息中心(US National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)进行BLAST比对确认实验的准确性,并对市售罐头样品进行检测。该方法5种动物引物种属特异性良好,对猪、牛、羊、鸭源性成分的检测灵敏度可达1%,对鸡源性成分的检测灵敏度为2.5%。在对市售肉类罐头样品的检测中,6.6%样品与标签标注结果不符。该方法操作简便,成本低,结果准确可靠,可广泛用于肉类罐头食品和长时间高温加工食品中猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭5种动物源成分的鉴别,具有十分广泛的实际应用价值。     

肉制品中鸵鸟源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测

通过实时荧光PCR技术检测肉制品中鸵鸟源性成分。根据鸵鸟线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COX1)序列,用Primer Express和DNAMAN软件设计特异性的引物和Taq Man探针,并用阳性样本进行验证。结果表明,引物和探针对鸵鸟源性成分的特异性良好,与常见物种DNA无非目标扩增,该方法的检测灵敏度达0.27 pg/反应,适用于鸵鸟源性成分的鉴定,从而建立了肉制品中鸵鸟源性成分的实时荧光PCR鉴定方法 。     

基于重组酶等温扩增技术快速检测生鲜肉中猪源性成分

目的建立重组酶介导等温扩增技术快速检测猪肉中猪源性成分的方法。方法应用重组酶聚合酶等温扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA),根据猪源性线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因序列设计2对RPA引物,筛选了1对可用于扩增的引物,建立基于重组酶介导的等温扩增技术的检测方法,并对该方法进行扩增温度、特异性和灵敏性验证。结果 30℃等温扩增条件下,RPA引物的特异性良好,灵敏性可达0.1ng/μL。结论本研究成功建立了猪源性肉制品的等温扩增方法,该方法快速简便,具有较高的特异性和灵敏性,适用于市售生鲜肉中猪源性成分的快速鉴定。     

微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应精准定量检测羊肉中掺杂猪肉

以羊和猪的单拷贝持家基因DNA复制蛋白A1为靶基因设计合成了适用于微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应的特异性引物和探针,通过理论推导获得了单位质量两种肉基因拷贝数之比的固定值,并进行了验证,据此将样品中羊肉和猪肉的拷贝数转换为相对质量分数,从而建立了羊肉中掺杂猪肉的精准定量检测方法。该方法可以很好地应用于羊肉中掺杂猪肉的含量检测,猪肉的最低定量限为1%,在5%~80%范围内绝对误差小于±1.30%,相对误差小于±10%,定量结果准确、重复性高,可以为肉类掺假的监管工作提供有力的技术参考。     

A robotic DNA purification protocol and real-time PCR for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods

Primers designed to amplify a Campylobacter jejuni cadF gene sequence were used in an SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methods for the rapid detection of C. jejuni in foods. Twenty-five grams of chicken skin (breast and thigh) was contaminated by adding approximately 1, 10, or 50 CFU of C. jejuni ATCC 35560. Twenty-five grams of pork and 25-ml aliquots of milk were also inoculated with 1 and 10 CFU of the pathogen. The samples were incubated in Bolton broth for different periods at 37 and 42 degrees C under microaerophilic conditions. Using a commercial robotic DNA purification system, DNA was extracted and purified from 1-ml aliquots of the enrichment cultures before and after centrifugation of the 250-ml enrichment broth at 15,900 x g for 10 min at 4 degrees C. The DNA was used as the template in a real-time PCR assay. C. jejuni was detected after 12 h of enrichment from samples inoculated with about 50 CFU/25-g sample. After centrifugation, an enrichment step of 8 h was sufficient to allow detection of pathogen in samples inoculated with 10 CFU/25 g. However, 24 h of enrichment was necessary to detect pathogen in samples inoculated with approximately 1 CFU/25 g. The real-time PCR protocol developed in this study significantly reduced the detection time of C. jejuni in foods.     

实时荧光单引物等温扩增(SPIA)技术检测大肠杆菌O157的方法研究

建立一种快速、灵敏的食品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157的检测方法。以大肠杆菌O157的特异性基因(rfbE)为靶序列,设计相应的RNA/DNA组合引物和链终止序列,优化引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、温度等反应条件,建立实时荧光单引物等温扩增(Real Time Fluorescence Single Primer Isothermal Amplification,实时荧光SPIA)检测大肠杆菌O157的方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度以及人工污染检出限进行检测。确定了实时荧光SPIA法的最适反应条件,该方法可以在55 min内完成检测工作,除大肠杆菌O157外,其他细菌均未产生特异性荧光扩增曲线,而且实时荧光SPIA检测大肠杆菌O157的灵敏度为2.0 CFU/m L,对猪肉人工污染样品中大肠杆菌O157的检出限是4.0 CFU/g。实时荧光SPIA方法检测大肠杆菌O157具有耗时短,灵敏度高,特异性强,方法简便的优越性,为检测食源性致病菌构建了一个技术平台。     

Evaluation of a 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay for the detection of virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw meat and tofu samples

Culture methods for detecting virulent Yersinia enterocolitica require selective enrichment and a series of confirmatory tests that are time-consuming, costly, and laborious. The objective of this study was to evaluate a fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assay for detecting the enterotoxin yst gene of virulent Y. enterocolitica in pure cultures, inoculated ground pork samples, and naturally contaminated food samples. These results were then compared with "gold standard" methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual for detecting pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. The 5'-nuclease assay was able to identify the organism in 100% of the repetitions when 10(2) CFU/ml or more organisms were present in pure cultures and 10(3) CFU/g or more organisms were present in ground pork. Similar recovery efficiency on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar plates was only evident when 10(5) CFU/ml or more organisms were present in pure culture and 10(6) CFU/g or more organisms were present in inoculated ground pork. The 5'-nuclease assay indicated a contamination rate of 35.5% (94/265) in various meats and tofu, whereas the CIN plating method indicated a contamination rate of 28.3% (75/265). This resulted in 100% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity for the 5'-nuclease assay when compared with the standard culture recovery method. Only 75% (60/80) of the Yersinia spp. isolated on CIN was identified as containing a virulence plasmid by autoagglutination and crystal violet binding tests. These results indicate that the true rate of contamination of virulent Y. enterocolitica in pork and other processed meats and foods is being underestimated using current detection methods. This study demonstrates the potential of the 5'-nuclease assay for rapidly and specifically detecting virulent Y. enterocolitica in processed foods with the added advantage of being an automated detection system with high-throughput capability.     

Development of a Rapid Method for the Visible Detection of Pork DNA in Halal Products by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Disclosing the composition of meat products in detail is essential to consumers’ rights. In this study, we developed a rapid method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification to visibly identify pork DNA in meat products. Four pig specific primers were designed according to the mitochondrial DN1 gene sequence. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP assay for pork DNA detection is 0.5 pg in our experiment, and the results were not affected by processing temperature. We used the LAMP assay and the industry standard for Chinese entry-exit inspections and quarantines to analyze commercial halal products, and the results were comparable. In conclusion, the LAMP assay has excellent sensitivity and specificity and is a convenient method for pork DNA detection.     

Species differentiation of heated meat products by DNA hybridization

A method for quantitation of pork in heat-treated meat products is described. The procedure involves isolation of DNA from meat samples followed by a determination of the average size of DNA fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA is then immobilized on nylon membranes and hybridized with a (32)P-labelled probe made from genomic porcine DNA. The signal intensity from filter-bound DNA probe is determined by laser densitometry of the autoradiographs. Functional relationships between the signal intensity and the fragment size of the DNA as well as signal intensity and the amount of pork DNA have been established. Pork DNA can therefore be quantified using DNA standards with the same fragment size as the actual sample DNA. Samples of known composition and heat treatment have been investigated. The detection limit has been determined to approximately 0·1% pork in beef whereas for heat-treated samples the detection limit has been determined to approximately 0·5% pork in beef. Examples are given in which the present method has been applied on commercial canned and cold-stored foods. The results of the investigation indicate that the DNA-hybridization technique applying (32)P-labelled probes can be used for quantitative determinations in quality control of heat-treated meat products.     

Determination of Porcine Contamination in Laboratory Prepared dendeng Using Mitochondrial D-Loop686 and cyt b Gene Primers by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The identifications of species in meat products have created interests since these foods became the target of forgery and fraud in the market. The presence of pork in food products is not allowed for the Muslim community. Hence, an analysis is necessary to detect the presence of pork in processed meat products, such as in dendeng (dried meat) product. Real time polymerase chain reaction using mitochondrial displacement loop686 and cytochrome b (cytb) gene primers was used to identify specific pork DNA among other four types of DNA species; namely beef, chicken, goat, and horse. This method was also used to identify pork DNA in the laboratory processed pork-beef dendeng as well as commercial dendeng from market. The results showed that real time polymerase chain reaction using displacement loop686 and cytb gene primers were able specifically to distinguish between pork DNA and the other species. The lowest concentration of 0.5% of pork DNA in a mixture of pork-beef processed products of dendeng was able to be detected by both primers with the product amplification of 114 and 134 bp (base pair) for the displacement loop686 and 149 bp for cytb gene, respectively. High sensitivity was also obtained when both primers were applied with the lowest detection limit of 5 pg/µL pork DNA. The results of the six commercial dendeng amplification using both primers showed no amplified products present, meaning that these products do not contain porcine DNA.     

HDA法用于检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的研究

本文研究了猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增检测方法mDA法）,以金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶ruc粥基因为目的基因,设计一对特异性引物,优化反应条件uvrDhelicase、T4gp32的浓度,通过赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增方法直接检测猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌,扩增产物通过电泳进行检测。结果表明,HDA法检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的特异性强,试验涉及的其它菌株未发生扩增,只有金黄色葡萄球菌得到与设计序列长度一致的216bp基因片段,检出限为10^5CFU／g,优化确定UvrDhelicase、T4gp32的终浓度分别为0．1gg、5．0gg,该方法用于检测猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的灵敏度高,耗时短,为猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测提供了新的方法,也为其它食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测奠定了基础。     

TaqMan probe real‐time polymerase chain reaction targeting the ATPase 6 gene for the detection of pork adulteration in meat and meatballs

We developed an assay for detecting pork adulteration in meat and meatballs using real‐time polymerase chain reaction involving specific primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the porcine mitochondrial (mt) ATPase 6 gene. We proved the specificity of the probe by showing no amplification from DNA isolated from six different meat‐providing species: cattle, dog, mouse, chicken, goat, and horse. On the contrary, DNA isolated from pork was positive for amplification, with a Ct (threshold cycle) of 18.69 using a standard amount of DNA template (50 ng). The presence of matrix and food processing steps in meatball sample had no influence on the specificity of the probe. The developed technique also has a good repeatability (CV, coefficient of variation = 3.86% for meat and 5.07% for meatballs), showing good linearity and sensitivity, with a limit of detection up to 5 pg of pork total DNA, which equivalent to approximately 6.8 copies of pork mtDNA. In addition, the analysis of spiked pork in beef meatballs showed that the method could determine up to 1% pork contamination. Moreover, the system was successfully applied to detect pork adulteration in commercial meatballs by detecting the presence of pork DNA in two samples.     

Occurrence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in Norwegian pork products determined by a PCR method and a traditional culturing method

From October 1997 to April 1998, a survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in Norwegian pork products, using a traditional culturing method and a PCR assay. A total of 300 pork samples was examined. Five slaughterhouses in the Norwegian Meat Cooperative were represented with 249 samples and another 51 samples were obtained from retail outlets in the city of Oslo. Using the NMKL method, Y. enterocolitica 0:3 was isolated from six (2%) of the samples, while the PCR method indicated presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in 50 (17%) of the samples. The results indicate that a reduction has occurred in the prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in Norwegian pork products, as compared to a previous Norwegian study conducted in 1988-1989. The study also highlights the need for further development and improvement of methods applied for the detection of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in foods.