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1.
选取甘肃陇南代表性品种莱星和鄂植8号初榨橄榄油及消费口碑良好的特级混合初榨橄榄油为研究对象,通过气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测比较3 种初榨橄榄油的挥发性物质组成,同时采用气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chromatography-olfactometry,GC-O)技术筛选其香气活性物质,最后结合香气活性值(odor activity value,OAV)分析各呈香组成对橄榄油香气轮廓呈现的贡献性,从而鉴定出3 种橄榄油各自的关键香气成分。结果表明:采用GC-MS在莱星、特级混合及鄂植8号初榨橄榄油中各检测出35、30 种及25 种挥发性成分,其中己醇、3-己烯-1-醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇和(E)-2-己烯醛的含量丰富。采用GC-O在3 种初榨橄榄油中各筛选出13、15 种和12 种香气活性成分,包含具有青草特征的C6化合物、呈现油脂香气的庚醛和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛以及表现其他气味信息的香气物质。OAV分析发现3 个样品各有12、13 种及11 种关键香气成分(OAV≥1),以1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、(E)-2-己烯醛和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛为代表的OAV较高,对初榨橄榄油呈香品质具有重要作用。本研究筛选出3 种初榨橄榄油的关键香气成分,结果可为提升初榨橄榄油风味品质提供理论基础。 相似文献
2.
初榨橄榄油挥发性风味成分的鉴定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)分离鉴定了陇南市武都初榨橄榄油和西班牙特级初榨橄榄油中的挥发性风味成分。结果表明,在7个不同品种油橄榄的国产初榨橄榄油中共鉴定出86种化合物,主要是C6的醛和醇,以及它们相应的酯,还有一些烯烃和萜烯类化合物。其中(E)-2-己烯醛相对质量分数为7.14%~46.22%;在6个西班牙特级初榨橄榄油中共鉴定出101种化合物,其中(E)-2-己烯醛质量分数(1.76%~5.25%)低于国产初榨橄榄油,而(Z)-乙酸-3己烯酯(7.53%~13.76%)和(E)-2-十二碳烯(5.47%~34.75%)相对质量分数较高。试验结果还表明,初榨橄榄油挥发性风味成分很大程度上取决于油橄榄品种和产地。 相似文献
3.
采用热脱附—气相色谱质谱联用技术(TD-GC-MS)测定10个橄榄油样本中的挥发性物质,鉴定出22种主要风味物质,利用主成分分析法构建香气质量评价模型。结果表明:第一主成分至第六主成分的累积贡献率为96.626 1%,能够较好地反映原始数据的信息;通过主成分分析法,鉴定出初榨橄榄油的主要香气物质是:正己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、2-乙基己醇、柠檬烯、1-戊烯-3-醇、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛、正己醛、叶醇、(E)-2-戊烯-1-醇、(Z)-2-戊烯-1-醇、(E)-2-己烯醛、Z-罗勒烯、乙酸己酯、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、正戊醇;同时,构建香气质量评价模型,为初榨橄榄油的香气质量评价提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
4.
以甘肃省陇南市油橄榄研究所种质资源基因库的‘城固32号’和‘莱星’油橄榄果为原料提取橄榄油,运用GC-MS、HPLC和E-Nose对不同品种与不同成熟度指数的橄榄油脂肪酸、酚类化合物及风味属性进行检测分析,以探究成熟度指数与不同品种橄榄油品质的关系。结果表明:随着成熟度指数的增大,‘城固32号’橄榄油中的硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量及单不饱和脂肪酸/多不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA/PUFA)和油酸/亚油酸值呈下降趋势,亚油酸和不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量呈上升趋势,‘莱星’橄榄油中油酸和UFA含量及MUFA/PUFA和油酸/亚油酸值呈上升趋势,而亚油酸、亚麻酸和SFA含量呈下降趋势;油酸/亚油酸和MUFA/PUFA值在2个品种间存在差异,可作为鉴别‘城固32号’和‘莱星’橄榄油的依据;2个品种橄榄油中酪醇和总酚含量总体呈下降趋势,香草酸和木犀草素含量总体呈上升趋势,而羟基酪醇含量在‘城固32号’中总体逐渐减少,在‘莱星’中总体逐渐增加,木犀草苷含量在2个品种中保持稳定;风味物质的E-Nose信号响应值在2个品种中均显著减小。利用橄榄油中脂肪酸和酚类化合物的组成与含量以及风味属性的信号响应值差异结合主成分(PCA)分析可有效鉴别和区分不同成熟度指数的‘城固32号’和‘莱星’橄榄油。 相似文献
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采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻联用探讨8种市售橄榄油挥发性风味成分及其特征,并结合电子鼻甄别不同品牌及加工工艺的橄榄油。结果表明,以DVB/CAR/PDMS为萃取头,采用萃取温度60℃、平衡时间30 min及萃取时间30 min为最佳优化条件,共检出橄榄油108种挥发性成分,主要有烃类、醛类、醇类和酯类,其占总挥发性成分的84.43%~96.65%。烃类以1-十三烯、3-乙基-1,5-辛二烯为主,醛类以正己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛和壬醛为主,醇类以3-己烯-1-醇和正己醇为主,酯类以乙酸乙酯和乙酸叶醇酯为主。主要的风味贡献物质是正己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛、壬醛、乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸乙酯、叶醇、3-己烯-1-醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇。特级初榨橄榄油主要香型是脂香型和橄榄果香型,而纯橄榄油主要香型为清香型。气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻联用和电子鼻结合主成分分析及判别因子分析可有效区分不同品牌和加工工艺的8种橄榄油并找出特征风味成分,可为橄榄油的溯源提供新方法。 相似文献
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《食品工业科技》2017,(7)
本文旨在探讨不同品牌的橄榄油挥发性风味物质的差异,为研究鉴别不同品牌的橄榄油提供参考。方法:运用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对不同品牌的橄榄油挥发性物质进行检测和分析。结果表明:电子鼻能灵敏地检测到不同品牌橄榄油气味的差异性。GC-MS在不同品牌的橄榄油中检测出76种挥发性物质,主要为烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、酸类及其他化合物。酸类物质是除帆船牌特级初榨橄榄油外其他4种橄榄油都具有的物质,1号曼托瓦特级初榨橄榄油特有的关键挥发性化合物是癸烷、E-2-庚烯、6-乙基-2-甲基辛烷、戊醛、庚醛、辛醇和2-辛酮;2号百一牌特级初榨橄榄油特有的挥发性物质是1-癸烯和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷;3号福恩牌特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是1-十三烯和辛烷;4号帆船特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是十二烷、3,5-二甲基辛烷、D-柠檬烯和3,7-二甲基-1-辛醇;5号斯巴达(金)特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是(E)-2-己烯醛。不同品牌的橄榄油之间共有的关键风味化合物主要有己醛和壬醛。结论:橄榄油品牌不同,主要的挥发性成分种类及其相对含量有差异。 相似文献
7.
本文旨在探讨不同品牌的橄榄油挥发性风味物质的差异,为研究鉴别不同品牌的橄榄油提供参考。方法:运用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对不同品牌的橄榄油挥发性物质进行检测和分析。结果表明:电子鼻能灵敏地检测到不同品牌橄榄油气味的差异性。GC-MS在不同品牌的橄榄油中检测出76种挥发性物质,主要为烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、酸类及其他化合物。酸类物质是除帆船牌特级初榨橄榄油外其他4种橄榄油都具有的物质,1号曼托瓦特级初榨橄榄油特有的关键挥发性化合物是癸烷、E-2-庚烯、6-乙基-2-甲基辛烷、戊醛、庚醛、辛醇和2-辛酮;2号百一牌特级初榨橄榄油特有的挥发性物质是1-癸烯和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷;3号福恩牌特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是1-十三烯和辛烷;4号帆船特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是十二烷、3,5-二甲基辛烷、D-柠檬烯和3,7-二甲基-1-辛醇;5号斯巴达(金)特级初榨橄榄油特有的化合物是(E)-2-己烯醛。不同品牌的橄榄油之间共有的关键风味化合物主要有己醛和壬醛。结论:橄榄油品牌不同,主要的挥发性成分种类及其相对含量有差异。 相似文献
8.
国内初榨橄榄油品质特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以国内种植的油橄榄为原料,研究了油橄榄品种、成熟度以及堆放时间对初榨橄榄油脂肪酸组成、酸值、过氧化值及风味的影响。结果表明:不同品种油橄榄的初榨橄榄油中油酸和亚油酸含量差异较大,油酸含量范围65.85%~80.08%,亚油酸含量范围2.61%~17.18%;初榨橄榄油的酸值随油橄榄成熟度的升高而降低,其中鄂植8号酸值(KOH)从0.35 mg/g下降到0.26 mg/g;紫果的初榨橄榄油过氧化值低于青红果和红果;油橄榄堆放时间延长会使初榨橄榄油的过氧化值略有增加,而酸值的增加程度因品种而异。不同形式的油橄榄初榨橄榄油在风味上均能很好地区分。 相似文献
9.
对新鲜水蜜桃进行真空冷冻干燥试验,采用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱/质谱联用测试方法(SPME-GC/MS),对比分析了新鲜水蜜桃、冻干水蜜桃和冻干机冷阱水中主要挥发性风味组分构成及含量。结果表明,新鲜水蜜桃、冻干水蜜桃和冷阱水中分别有26,18,11种挥发性风味化合物,主要由醛、醇、酯、烃、杂环及醚等物质构成。新鲜水蜜桃中的风味物质在冻干过程中发生了变化和迁移。大部分保留在冻干水蜜桃中的挥发性风味物质为己醛、(E)-2-庚烯醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛、戊醇、己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯、γ-己内酯;全部迁移到冷阱水中的挥发性风味物质为壬醛、二乙二醇乙醚;冻干水蜜桃中含量增加的挥发性风味物质有(E)-2-己烯醛、芳樟醇、(E)-乙酸-2-己烯-1-醇酯;经过冻干后新生成的挥发性风味物质成分为醋酸异辛酯、2,7-二甲基萘、1,6-二甲基萘、2,3-二甲基萘。 相似文献
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为探究比较特级初榨橄榄油挥发性香气成分,采用固相微萃取(solid phase micro-extraction,SPME)结合气相色谱嗅闻质谱(gas chromatography-olfactrometry-mass spectrometry,GC-O-MS)联用、感官评价和电子鼻技术对3个国家的6种特级初榨橄榄油挥发性香气成分进行分析。结果表明,电子鼻可以明显区分不同橄榄油;GC-O-MS通过极性色谱柱(DB-Wax)和非极性色谱柱(DB-5)结合分析,鉴定得出65种挥发性香气活性化合物,包括醛类16种,醇类12种,酯类9种,酮类6种,烯烃及萜烯类8种,芳香类5种,酸类3种及6种其他类型化合物。结合文献、检测及嗅闻结果得出特级初榨橄榄油中的特征香气成分为反-2-己烯醛、己醛、反-2-壬烯醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和顺-3-己烯-1-醇等以醛醇为代表的小分子化合物。 相似文献
11.
Taamalli A Arráez-Román D Zarrouk M Valverde J Segura-Carretero A Fernández-Gutiérrez A 《Journal of food science》2012,77(4):R83-R92
Polyphenols have become a subject of intense research because of their perceived beneficial effects on health due to their anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It is well known that olives and their derivatives are rich in phenolic substances with pharmaceutical properties, some of which exert important antioxidant effects. The characterization and quantification of their polyphenol composition is one of the first steps to be taken in any evaluation of the putative contribution of the olive to human health. This review is concerned with polyphenols in Tunisian olive (Olea europaea L.) products (fruit and oil) and some by-products (leaves and olive-mill wastewater) with an emphasis on the analytical methods used, as well as the biological activities described in recent years. 相似文献
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Roberto Martínez-Beamonte Teresa Sanclemente Joaquín C Surra Jesús Osada 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2020,100(3):915-925
Squalene (SQ) is an intermediate hydrocarbon in the biosynthesis of phytosterols and terpenes in plants. It is widely used for applications such as skin moisturizers, vaccines, or in carriers for active lipophilic molecules. It has commonly been obtained from sharks, but restrictions on their use have created a need to find alternative sources. We present a review of studies concerning SQ in olive groves to characterize its content and to provide new aspects that may increase the circular economy of the olive tree. There is a large variation in SQ content in virgin olive oil due to cultivars and agronomic issues such as region, climate, types of soil, crop practices, and harvest date. Cultivars with the highest SQ content in their virgin olive oil were ‘Nocellara de Belice’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Souri’, and ‘Oblica’. An interaction between cultivar and aspects such as irrigation practices or agricultural season is frequently observed. Likewise, the production of high SQ content needs precise control of fruit maturation. Leaves represent an interesting source, if its extraction and yield compensate for the expenses of their disposal. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from olive oil deodorizer distillates offers an opportunity to obtain high-purity SQ from this derivative. Exploiting SQ obtained from olive groves for the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries poses new challenges and opportunities to add value and recycle by-products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
Claudio Peri Bruno Zanoni Ella Pagliarini Cristina Rastelli 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1996,70(3):293-297
The influence of some operating variables on olive paste expression rate and yield has been investigated using a laboratory expression apparatus. Results show that compaction rate and cake thickness have a primary importance in determining the extraction rate. Temperature has a limited effect. A pressure increase beyond 50·7×105 Pa is also of little benefit. Data on product variables show that the rigid solids play an important role and that the natural pit fragments content in olives is well below the optimal value. An extraction yield as high as 95% was obtained by adding pit fragments up to 40% by volume of olive paste. This value is noteworthy because it was obtained during the expression phase carried out at constant flow rate, while the expression phase carried out at constant pressure was not taken into account. Based on these results, an optimisation experimental design will be presented and validated in a following work. 相似文献
14.
Luz S Artajo Maria P Romero Maria J Motilva 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2006,86(4):518-527
The transfer of phenolic compounds of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina variety during olive oil extraction in relation to ripening stage was investigated. The parameters of oil extraction by the Abencor system are shown together with mass balances of the products and by products from the olive oil extraction in relation to olive paste. The phenolic compounds in olive paste, pomace, oil and wastewater were identified and measured by HPLC. Throughout the study, the concentrations of simple phenols, secoiridoids and flavonoids were higher in the olive paste and pomace phases than in oil and wastewater phases. High concentrations of 4‐(acetoxyethyl)‐1,2‐dihydroxybenzene (3,4‐DHPEA‐AC) and secoiridoid derivatives such as the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to 3,4‐DHPEA (hydroxytyrosol) or p‐HPEA (tyrosol) (3,4‐DHPEA–EDA, p‐HPEA–EDA, where EDA is elenolic acid dialdehyde) and an isomer of oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA–EA, where EA is elenolic acid aldehyde) were found in olive oil, together with lignan compounds. It was observed that 3,4‐DHPEA–EDA was the most abundant polyphenol present in the wastewater phase. This indicates that biotransformation occurred during olive extraction, especially in the crushing and malaxation operations, and reflects the possible chemical changes that lead to the formation of new compounds. Moreover, the distribution of compounds showed their affinities toward different phases. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Khaoula Khwaldia Nouha Attour Julia Matthes Luisa Beck Markus Schmid 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(2):1218-1253
Among the most important agro-industrial activities in the Mediterranean basin, olive oil production has a high impact on the economy of many Mediterranean countries. However, olive oil extraction generates huge quantities of byproducts, including leaves, pomace residues, stones and wastewater, which have severe environmental impacts mainly because of their phytotoxicity and great organic content. Olive oil byproducts are regarded as inexpensive and abundant raw materials rich in bioactive compounds with high and varied health-related activities. Several phenolic compounds and terpenoids were recovered from olive byproducts using different conventional and advanced extraction methods due to their potential to be used in food, packaging, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Recently, the use of olive byproducts and their functional compounds to enhance the functional properties of packaging systems was investigated as a sustainable strategy for food preservation, fostering the sustainability of the olive-oil chain, and promoting circular economy. In this framework, the main goals of this review are to summarize the main bioactive compounds in olive byproducts, to review the main advancements in their extraction, purification, and characterization, and finally to discuss their applications in food packaging systems as well as safety-related aspects. 相似文献
18.
An investigation was carried out to evaluate the use of High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) of polar compounds of refined, mild deodorized, extra virgin olive oils as well as of their blends, in attempting to reveal significant differences in the amounts of the substance classes constituting polar compounds among these oils. Two sets of blends were prepared by mixing an extra virgin olive oil with both refined and mild deodorized olive oils in increasing amounts. The obtained data highlighted that the triacylglycerol oligopolymers were absent or present in traces in the extra virgin olive oil, while their mean amount was equal to 0.04 g/100 g and 0.72 g/100 g in mild deodorized and refined olive oils, respectively. Oxidized triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols were more abundant in mild deodorized oil and refined oil than in extra virgin olive oil. The Factorial Discriminant Analysis of the data showed that the HPSEC analysis could reveal the presence of refined/mild deodorized oils in extra virgin olive oils. In particular, the classification functions obtained allowed designation of mixtures containing at least 30 g/100 g of mild deodorized oil and all those containing refined olive oil as deodorized oil, therefore as oils subjected to at least a mild refining treatment. 相似文献
19.
Dora Klisović Anja Novoselić Anet Režek Jambrak Karolina Brkić Bubola 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(10):4851-4860
Despite the high economic and nutritional value as major positive aspects, olive oil production has an unfavourable side, which is the negative environmental impact caused by the generation of significant amounts of liquid and solid wastes. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable technologies to add value to the olive oil production process is a matter of great interest. This study aimed to review novel solutions dealing with the utilisation of olive oil production by-products while taking into account sustainable waste management options. The most promising technologies for the production of high-added value products from olive oil production by-products have been described with a special attention to the sustainable nonthermal technologies for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds, and the key findings of such investigations were reviewed. All described technologies are environmentally friendly and show great potential. Nevertheless, further researches are required to optimise and increase their applicability. 相似文献