褪黑素对小鼠抗氧化作用的影响

目的:研究小鼠在受到脂多糖(LPS)刺激时,褪黑素的抗氧化作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法:用脂多糖建立氧化应激模型,检测血清、小肠、肝脏和脾组织中的ROS含量,肝脏、脾组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化。结果:在LPS刺激后的4h和16h,褪黑素均能降低血清、小肠、肝脏、脾组织中的ROS含量,提升肝脏和脾组织中的GSH-PX、SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:褪黑素有助于增强氧化应激小鼠的抗氧化能力,降低组织中NO含量与NO合成酶活性,增加了SOD、GSH-PX等抗氧化酶的活性,保护机体免受氧化损伤。     

Determination of the variability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic toxins in endemic wild bivalves and carnivorous gastropods from the Southern part of Chile

The aim of this study was to analyse and determine the composition of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins and lipophilic toxins in the Region of Aysén, Chile, in wild endemic mussels (Mytilus chilensis, Venus antiqua, Aulacomya ater, Choromytilus chorus, Tagelus dombeii and Gari solida) and in two endemic carnivorous molluscs species (Concholepas concholepas and Argobuccinum ranelliforme). PSP-toxin contents were determined by using HPLC with fluorescence detection, while lipophilic toxins were determined by using LC-MS/MS. Mean concentrations for the total of PSP toxins were in the range 55–2505 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g. The two most contaminated samples for PSP toxicity were bivalve Gari solida and carnivorous Argobuccinum ranelliforme with 2505 ± 101 and 1850 ± 137 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g, respectively (p < 0.05). The lipophilic toxins identified were okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxins (YTX). All analysed molluscs contained lipophilic toxins at levels ranging from 56 ± 4.8 to 156.1 ± 8.2 μg of okadaic acid-equivalent/kg shellfish together with YTX at levels ranging from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 18 ± 0.9 μg of YTX-equivalent/kg shellfish and AZA at levels ranging from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 31 ± 2.1 μg of AZA-equivalent/kg shellfish. Furthermore, different bivalves and gastropods differ in their capacity of retention of lipophilic toxins, as shown by the determination of their respective lipophilic toxins levels. In all the evaluated species, the presence of lipophilic toxins associated with biotransformation in molluscs and carnivorous gastropods was not identified, in contrast to the identification of PSP toxins, where the profiles identified in the different species are directly related to biotransformation processes. Thus, this study provides evidence that the concentration of toxins in the food intake of the evaluated species (Bivalvia and Gastropoda class) determines the degree of bioaccumulation and biotransformation they will thereafter exhibit.     

高效液相色谱法同时检测6种甜味剂

建立同时测定6种人工合成甜味剂阿斯巴甜、糖精钠、甜蜜素、安塞蜜、纽甜、甜聚糖甙的高效液相色谱分析方法。以Platicil ODS柱为分离柱,20mmol/L硫酸铵缓冲溶液(pH4.4)-乙腈为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,整个分离过程在30min内完成。6种甜味剂在0.4～120mg/L范围内其质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.99967～0.99998,在4.0～10.0mg/kg范围内,样品加标回收率为85%～107%;相对标准偏差小于3.2%。该方法简便、快速,净化效果较好,可用于食品中6种甜味剂的同时测定。     

气相色谱法检测饮料中二羰基化合物

建立同时在线检测丙酮醛和乙二醛的气相色谱方法。确定检测二羰基化合物的最佳条件为：以丁二酮为内标,以邻苯二胺为衍生化试剂,邻苯二胺的用量67 倍于二羰基化合物、衍生化时间10 min、萃取溶剂二氯甲烷、超声时间15 min、萃取2 次、柱箱初始温度40 ℃、程序升温5 ℃/min,色谱柱载气流量2.0 mL/min,分流比1∶1。丙酮醛和乙二醛的定量限（RSN≈10）分别为0.06 mg/L和0.08 mg/L,检出限（RSN≈ 3）分别为0.02 mg/L和0.03 mg/L,方法灵敏度高。     

亚甲基蓝对单增李斯特菌菌膜的光动力杀伤作用

探讨单增李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes,LM）生物菌膜的生长特性及亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜光动力杀伤作用。通过结晶紫染色法判断与观察LM生物菌膜的形成并用酶标仪在595 nm波长处对其不同生长阶段的生物量进行测定,同时通过细菌平板菌落计数法研究亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜的光动力杀伤作用。结果表明：结晶紫染色法可用于定性判断与观察LM生物菌膜,且随着培养时间的延长,LM生物菌膜生物量不断增加,形成的网状结构越来越致密。当光敏剂质量浓度为10 μg/mL的亚甲基蓝在光功密度为200 mW/cm2 的可见光照射30 min时,即可使LM生物菌膜的失活率达到99.99%以上,其菌落数降低了4.08（lg（CFU/mL））。亚甲基蓝对LM生物菌膜的光动力灭活作用非常显著,其杀伤效果主要取决于光敏剂质量浓度和光照时间。     

亚精胺对小鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢影响及抗疲劳的效果研究

目的：研究亚精胺（spermidine,SPD）对骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响以及抗疲劳作用。方法：实验分为生理盐水组、SPD低剂量组（0.5 mmol/（kg·d））、中剂量组（1.0 mmol/（kg·d））、高剂量组（1.5 mmol/（kg·d））以及西洋参口服液阳性对照组（总皂苷30 mg/（kg·d））,每周灌胃6 d共30 d,每次灌胃前称量小鼠体质量调整灌胃溶液量,灌胃期间进行每天45 min无负重游泳训练。各组随机选取10 只小鼠测试力竭游泳时间;各组剩余10 只负重游泳30 min,休息30 min后取材,检测血清肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）、骨骼肌谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（total-superoxide dismutase,T-SOD）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（succinate dehydrogenase,SDH）活性和骨骼肌丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。结果：与生理盐水组比较,SPD能显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间（P＜0.05）;低、中剂量组骨骼肌中GSH-Px、T-SOD、SDH酶活性显著提高（P＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;SPD组与西洋参组比较,低、中剂量抗疲劳效果有非常显著性（P＜0.05）差异,高剂量抗疲劳效果略优（P＞0.05）。结论：0.5～1.0 mmol/（kg·d） SPD可以增加抗氧化酶的活性,减少自由基的积累,提高骨骼肌细胞膜代谢能力和抗损伤能力,显著推迟小鼠疲劳发生。     

抗呋喃唑酮单克隆抗体的制备及其应用

为实现呋喃唑酮（furazolidone,FZD）的快速定量检测,本研究制备了抗FZD全抗原的单克隆抗体,建立了抗FZD的单克隆抗体酶联免疫检测方法。结果表明,FZD单克隆抗体在质量浓度为10～500 ng/mL范围具有较好的线性,IC50值为0.06 μg/mL,最低检测限为6.92 ng/mL,对于其他硝基呋喃类抗生素及其代谢物均不存在交叉反应。该方法重现性较好,平均误差为6.54%,回收率为76.84%～88.31%。     

分子印迹固相萃取-化学发光法测定蔬菜中的马来酰肼

马来酰肼对高良姜素-高锰酸钾-多聚磷酸体系的化学发光具有增敏作用,据此结合分子印迹固相萃取技术建立测定蔬菜中马来酰肼含量的流动注射-化学发光分析方法。以马来酰肼为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,用热聚合法合成了马来酰肼分子印迹聚合物,并以此分子印迹聚合物作为固相萃取填料制成固相萃取柱,对样品进行固相萃取后进行发光检测。在最优条件下,相对化学发光强度与马来酰肼的质量浓度在5.0×10-5～3.0×10-2mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限2.6×10-5mg/mL(3σ),相对标准偏差2.7%(1.0×10-3mg/mL马来酰肼,n=10)。将该法应用于马铃薯、洋葱及大蒜中马来酰肼含量的测定,加标回收率在95.2%～111.7%之间,相对标准偏差分别为1.8%、2.4%和2.1%。     

土壤类型对樱桃番茄VC含量及其相关酶活性的影响

以樱桃番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme）为材料,研究温室内外及塿土黄绵土条件下,樱桃番茄果实VC含量和抗坏血酸氧化酶（ascorbic acid oxidase,AAO）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase,APX）、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）活性的变化。结果表明：从结果初期到结果末期,VC含量呈先升后降的趋势,AAO活性变化先降后升,APX活性呈上升趋势,PPO活性则随着生育期的进行不断下降。同一环境条件下,塿土樱桃番茄果实VC含量高于黄绵土;同一土类情况下,露天处理优于温室处理。整个生育期内,塿土露天处理樱桃番茄果实VC含量显著高于其他处理,不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。温室黄绵土处理樱桃番茄果实抗坏血酸氧化酶活性最高,露天塿土最低。结果初期APX活性大小顺序为露天塿土＞温室塿土＞温室黄绵土＞露天黄绵土,结果盛期和结果末期均为露天塿土＞露天黄绵土＞温室塿土＞温室黄绵土。而PPO活性在露天黄绵土处理下最高,露天塿土处理次之。果实鲜质量为温室塿土最高。相关分析表明,VC含量与AAO和PPO活性呈负相关。由VC含量与不同酶类之间的关系及各处理对其影响的结果综合分析：在保持相对高VC含量,低AAO、APX和PPO活性的情况下,露天塿土处理最佳。     

Correlation of methylglyoxal with acrylamide formation in fructose/asparagine Maillard reaction model system

α-Dicarbonyl compounds were highly reactive intermediates formed in Maillard reaction (MR), and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was widely used as a trapping agent for α-dicarbonyl compounds. Both aqueous fructose/asparagine (Fru/Asn) and fructose/asparagine/o-phenylenediamine (Fru/Asn/OPD) model systems were heated at 150 °C for up to 30 min. Methylglyoxal (MG) was the main α-dicarbonyl compounds formed in MR, which was chosen as a representative of α-dicarbonyl compound to investigate the influence on acrylamide (AA) formation. The concentrations of AA, MG and Asn were detected during MR by HPLC method. The results indicated that the formation of AA increased with the heating time, and nearly 75% of AA was formed through the participation of α-dicarbonyl compounds. The amounts of formation and consumption of MG increased with heating time, and from 12 min of reaction, the consumed amounts of MG accounted for 62.1–90.3% on the basis of total amounts of MG formed in MR, suggesting that most of the MG took part in further reactions. Meanwhile, Asn concentration decreased with heating time in both models. The formation of AA and consumption of Asn were highly correlated with MG. Indeed, as MG concentration in MG/Asn model system decreased during heating at 150 °C, the concentration of AA significantly increased. The coefficient of correlation between consumed amounts of MG and the formed amounts of AA was 0.931, demonstrating that MG plays a role in AA formation.     

基于PCR技术的产真菌毒素镰刀菌分子诊断研究进展

镰刀菌属于自然界中最频繁产生毒素的真菌类别之一。该属真菌的毒素类次生代谢产物主要包括单端孢霉烯族化合物、伏马菌素和玉米赤霉烯酮3类,引起人畜各种生理异常甚至癌变。本文综述了3类镰刀菌毒素的结构和危害、生物合成的分子机理以及聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术在其产生菌分子检测中的应用进展,突出了产毒真菌快速分子诊断技术在毒素早期预警、危害前置化干预中的意义。同时,在剖析现有产毒真菌PCR检测体系可能存在问题的基础上,提出克服瓶颈方法和进一步提高体系可靠性的有效策略。     

纳米金-壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极检测水中微量的孔雀石绿

目的制备基于纳米金-壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极,用于检测水样中微量的孔雀石绿。方法实验利用电沉积法首先在玻碳电极表面沉积金纳米颗粒,然后利用溶剂蒸发法在纳米金层表面再修饰混有壳聚糖的羧基化多壁碳纳米管。实验设计以多壁碳纳米管/纳米金共修饰的玻碳电极作为电化学传感元件,采用循环伏安法(CV)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)检测MG。结果表明电极的修饰膜可加速MG的电子传递速率,促进电位变化,并显著增强MG的氧化峰电流。得到的差分脉冲峰电流与孔雀石绿浓度对数值在2.5×10-9～2.5×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限为9.3×10-10 mol/L。结论本研究制备的基于纳米金-壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极的电化学传感器适于孔雀石绿的快速、灵敏检测。     

VC、VE对添加碳氧血红蛋白香肠加工和贮藏过程中品质特性的影响

本文目的在于考察VC、VE对加入CO-Hb香肠加工和贮藏品质的影响,确定VC、VE与CO-Hb复合用于肉制品加工的可行性.结果表明,添加VC,样品a*值显著增加(P<0.05);添加VE,a*值显著下降(P<0.05).添加VC和VE,样品硬度和咀嚼性降低,凝聚性上升,弹性变化不显著.在贮藏期间,VC、VE均能稳定样品...     

羟基脂肪酸聚酯产生菌选育

以特定方法筛得羟基脂肪酸聚酯（ＰＨＡＳ）产生株ＡＭＢ－００１，初步鉴定为产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ）属。经紫外线与亚硝基胍诱变，变异株ＡＵＮ－３９产聚羟丁酸（ＰＨＢ）和聚羟丁戊酸共聚物（ＰＨＢＶ）的产率分别为细胞干重的３５％和４７．５％．透射电镜观察表明ＡＵＮ－３９胞内积累的ＰＨＢ粒子可充满胞内空间。     

玉米胚蛋白的性能及其应用研究

玉米胚蛋白(MPP)的乳化活性及乳化稳定性与大豆分离蛋白相似，对固体脂肪的乳化能力超过分离蛋白，在乳化型碎肉制品中添加可使产品得率及质构超过添加分离蛋白的肉制品。作者认为MPP的功能性质可能与蛋白分子形成可溶性聚集体有关。     

酶法水解乳清分离蛋白制备纳米纤维

采用天冬氨酸内切酶(Asp endoproteinase,AspN)在37℃诱导乳清分离蛋白(whey protein isolate,WPI)制备蛋白质纳米纤维(protein nanofibrils,PNFs),考察WPI不同水解时间对产物PNFs形貌的影响。利用透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、小分子蛋白质十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、硫磺素T荧光、红外光谱以及激光散射法对PNFs及形成过程进行表征。结果显示,该方法制备的产物PNFs呈乳白色,AspN水解得到的5 kD左右的多肽为构筑单元,β-折叠为PNFs稳定存在的主要二级结构,PNFs平均粒径随水解时间延长而增大。酶法制备PNFs解决了酸法中的褐变问题,有望拓展其在食品领域的应用。     

植物甾醇双甘酯油营养特性

该文阐述含植物甾醇以双甘酯为主要成分健康油的结构,营养特性,脂质代谢机理与食用安全性。     

Preparation of flavanol‐rich green tea extract by precipitation with AlCl3

The aim of this study was to use AlCl₃ in the extraction of green tea flavanols (GTFs) from longjing green tea and examine the factors that influence the yield of GTF extract. Dry tea leaves were soaked in hot distilled water and the infusion was obtained by filtration. To the tea infusion, varying amounts of AlCl₃ were added, causing precipitation of GTFs. After adjusting the pH to 4.0–6.5 and centrifugation, the yellow precipitate was collected. Sulphuric acid solution (40%) was then used to dissolve the GTFs from the yellow precipitate. The GTF solution was extracted using an equal volume of ethyl acetate. After the removal of ethyl acetate using a rotary evaporator, the GTF extract was redissolved in distilled water and the whole process was repeated. The resulting GTF extract was freeze‐dried. It was found that the amount of AlCl₃ used and the pH and temperature of the precipitation mixture significantly affected the yield and purity of GTF extract. A yield of 9.6 g extract per 100 g dry tea leaves with GTFs > 94% could be obtained if AlCl₃ was used in the ratio of 15 g per 100 g equivalent dry tea leaves and the pH of the precipitation mixture was adjusted to 5.5 at 30 °C. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

6个不同品系地木耳抗氧化酶活性比较研究

目的：通过对6个不同品系地木耳抗氧化酶活性的比较和分析,筛选抗逆性较高的品系。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT),采用分光光度法测定抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),采用DTNB染色法测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)。结果：山西宁武荷叶坪品系CAT活性最大,且与其他品系之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05);山西宁武秋千沟品系GSH-PX、APX活性均明显大于其他品系(P＜0.05)。结论：从抗氧化酶体系来看,秋千沟品系的抗逆性优于其他品系抗逆性。