奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Ni3Mn11Cu3NbN高温抗氧化性能

采用称重法测得了奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Ni3Mn11Cu3NbN在不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线,结果表明,该钢在700℃和800℃的氧化曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,根据平均氧化速度的评级标准,在此温度下钢＂完全抗氧化＂。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射的方法对氧化膜表面的形貌及结构进行了研究,发现该钢700℃氧化膜致密完整,主要由Mn2O3、MnFe2O4（尖晶石结构）和Cr的氧化物组成;800℃氧化膜出现脱落,主要由Mn2 O3、MnFe2 O4（尖晶石结构）、Cr的氧化物和Fe的氧化物组成;900℃氧化膜脱落严重,主要由Mn2O3、Fe2O3、尖晶石结构的MnFe2O4组成。     

不同锰源合成尖晶石型LixMn2O4及其性能

以自制γ—MnO2(SPDM)和电解二氧化锰(EDM)为原料，采用流变相法合成了尖晶石型锂锰氧材料。应用XRD，SEM，TG和DSC等手段研究了原材料性质和配比等因素对合成尖晶石型锂锰氧的结构、粒径、比表面积以及充、放电性能的影响。结果表明，采用流变相法在700-760℃下，反应12h即可得到均相、无杂质、锰平均氧化价态接近3．5的LixMn2O4正极材料；以SPDM为锰源较EMD为锰源在相同条件下合成的尖晶石材料的首次充、放电容量更高，比表面积更大，粒度更小；当原材料中n(Li)／n(Mn)在一定范围内变化时，合成的锂锰氧的晶格常数随材料中锂与锰摩尔比的增大而减小。     

热处理温度对MgO-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃晶化的影响

通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段,研究了热处理温度对MgO-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃晶化特性的影响.结果表明当采用单步热处理工艺,热处理温度为800℃时,玻璃发生分相;温度从820℃升到900℃时,不断有晶体析出,析出晶相分别为MgO·Al2O3·3SiO2和MgO·Al2O3·4SiO2.当采用两步热处理工艺时,样品在800℃形核,随晶化温度由950℃升高到1050℃,析出晶相由尖晶石相(包括ZnAl2O4,MgAl2O4)和MgO·Al2O3·4SiO2相转变为尖晶石相(包括ZnAl2O4,MgAl2O4)和β-石英.     

化学共沉淀法制备LixCoO2的高温化学相变过程研究

以从废旧锂离子电池中回收的钴、锂为原料制备了LiCoO2粉体.讨论和分析了不同温度下的热处理对LixCoO2结构的影响.随温度升高,立方相减少,六方层状相增多.600℃时尖晶石相向六方相转变,温度继续升高(650℃～800℃)只有六方层状结构存在.再升至较高温度,层状属性增强,结构出现不稳定性,锂出现挥发,在860℃左右,产生新的相变;经过高温XRD分析,900℃时,出现大量的立方相LixCo1-xO和Co3O4,并随温度持续升高,六方LiCoO2相与立方Co3O4均有所减少,而立方LixCo1-xO相增加,1050℃时以LixCo1-xO为主,当x＜0.07时,立方LixCo1-xO为结构稳定相.     

螯合剂量和锂锰比对尖晶石LiMn2O4性能的影响

考察了螯合剂量和Li与Mn的摩尔比对尖晶石LiMn2O4结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明:直接以PAA为螯合剂,以LiNO3和Mn(NO3)2为锂源和锰源,采用溶胶一凝胶技术合成了无杂相、分散性好、尖晶石结构完整的LiMn2O4粉体.前驱体干凝胶在烧结450℃时开始逐步形成尖晶石LiMn2O4结构.随着PAA量减少,尖晶石结构峰越来越明显;当Li与Mn的摩尔比为1.06:2,且PAA与总金属离子摩尔比为0.3:1时,PAA燃烧所放出的热量,既能满足结晶所需要的热量,又可避免杂相Mn2O3的出现;在电流密度0.1 mA/cm2,截止电压3.5～4.3V测试条件下,该材料循环性能稳定,有望成为高性能锂离子电池正极材料.     

Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢高温循环氧化特征

研究了Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢在700℃、800℃和950℃空气中循环氧化160 h表面形成的氧化膜形貌、成分和组织结构.Fe-30Mn-9Al奥氏体钢在700℃和800℃氧化时,初期增重较快,随着循环次数增加,氧化增重减小,氧化160 h分别增重1.00和4.08 mg/cm2.氧化层主要由Mn2O3,Al2O3和(Mn,Fe)2O3等相组成.在950 ℃,钢的氧化增重显著上升,160 h增重43.50 mg/cm2,表面形成了Fe2O3、MnO2以及MnAl2O4、Al2Fe2O6等复合氧化物.800℃下循环氧化后形成了多层氧化物膜 ,外层以Mn2O3型氧化物为主,内层以Al2O3为主;钢基体表面为 富Fe、贫Mn的铁素体层.      

不同锰源合成尖晶石型Li_xMn_2O_4及其性能

以自制γ MnO2(SPDM)和电解二氧化锰(EDM)为原料,采用流变相法合成了尖晶石型锂锰氧材料。应用XRD,SEM,TG和DSC等手段研究了原材料性质和配比等因素对合成尖晶石型锂锰氧的结构、粒径、比表面积以及充、放电性能的影响。结果表明,采用流变相法在700～760℃下,反应12h即可得到均相、无杂质、锰平均氧化价态接近3.5的LixMn2O4正极材料;以SPDM为锰源较EMD为锰源在相同条件下合成的尖晶石材料的首次充、放电容量更高,比表面积更大,粒度更小;当原材料中n(Li)/n(Mn)在一定范围内变化时,合成的锂锰氧的晶格常数随材料中锂与锰摩尔比的增大而减小。     

纳米钴基尖晶石活性氧化物的研究 I.Sol-gel法制备

本文探索采用溶胶凝胶法制备钴基尖晶石氧化物涂层钛阳极,对不同温度热处理的样品分析表明,涂层相成分很复杂,主要是由Co3O4,Co2RuO4,CoTiO3等尖晶石相所构成,采用在450℃以下的温度处理,其晶粒均非常细小.450℃处理的涂层内部晶粒平均尺度大约为20～30nm.     

PAA络合法制备掺Co锰酸锂纳米粉体

采用PAA络合法并结合热处理技术制备了尖晶石结构的LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4纳米粉体,并考察了前驱体的热分解行为、粉体的结构、形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4粉体的颗粒尺寸略有增大,尖晶石型结构越来越完整。在电流密度0.1 mA/cm2,截止电压3.5～4.4 V时,在700℃烧结8 h得到性能较好的LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4粉体,首次放电比容量达124 mAh/g,稳定放电比容量大于110 mAh/g。     

聚丙烯酸络合法制备掺铝锰酸锂纳米粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶法并结合热处理工艺制备掺铝锰酸锂粉体,利用热重-差热分析、X射线衍射、透射电镜等方法对前驱体的热分解行为、粉体的结构及形貌进行表征.结果表明:直接以聚丙烯酸(PAA)为螫合剂合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,经750℃热处理后获得了粒径分布均匀、无团聚的尖晶石LiAlgMn2-xO4纳米粉体.随热处理温度升高,LiAl2Mn2-xO4纳米粉体的品粒尺寸不断增大,尖晶石型结构愈趋完整.掺杂少量铝并没有改变锰酸锂的尖晶石结构,但明显增强了结构稳定性,有助于改善电化学性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.