UV/O3耦合氧化处理钢铁行业反渗透浓水

反渗透技术广泛应用于工业废水的深度处理与回用过程,但其产生的浓水含盐量较高,有机污染物降解难度大。臭氧氧化技术具有氧化能力强、操作简单等优点,可用于水中有机物的氧化降解,但单独采用臭氧氧化时对有机物有选择性,处理效果有限。采用紫外光-臭氧耦合技术处理钢铁行业的2种反渗透浓水,探究臭氧浓度、紫外光照强度和初始pH对COD去除效果的影响,并利用三维荧光光谱分析处理前后反渗透浓水的水质变化情况。结果显示,钢铁综合废水和焦化废水处理的最佳操作参数基本相同,在最佳反应条件下,紫外光-臭氧耦合氧化60 min后,2种反渗透浓水的COD去除率分别达到73.3%、53.8%;浓水中难以降解的物质为可溶性微生物代谢产物。     

反渗透工艺处理浓水节约水资源

反渗透工艺作为一种高效、清洁的脱盐技术在各行各业中广泛应用,但是在生产过程中实际产水率70%左右,会有大约占总进水量30%左右的浓水排放掉,这一点在水资源日趋紧缺的今天造成了水资源的极大浪费,而且也严重污染了环境。现简要介绍对反渗透浓水采用反渗透技术和设备来进一步处理,可以使反渗透浓水的回收率达到80%~85%,回收水可以再利用,节约了水资源。     

煤化工反渗透浓水浓缩的研究现状

反渗透膜技术已逐渐成为煤化工含盐废水处理的首选技术,但是反渗透膜技术的产水率一般只有75%,剩余浓水的处理与排放问题日益突出,处理这部分反渗透浓水对中国煤化工可持续发展和环境保护意义重大。从反渗透浓水浓缩技术、膜蒸馏浓缩反渗透浓水膜材料和制备聚偏氟乙烯膜3个方面对煤化工反渗透浓水浓缩进行了综述和展望。介绍了反渗透浓水浓缩技术研究进展,概述了膜蒸馏用膜材料浓缩反渗透浓水的研究现状,总结了影响煤化工反渗透浓水浓缩的聚偏氟乙烯膜结构和性能的因素。     

反渗透浓水中有机物去除的研究进展

随着反渗透膜技术在水处理领域的广泛应用,反渗透浓水的处理问题引起了越来越多的关注,特别是城市污水和工业废水反渗透膜处理产生的反渗透浓水,反渗透浓水中的有机物对浓水的排放和回收有很大影响。介绍了反渗透浓水中有机物的去除方法,分析了各种方法的优、缺点,并指出了今后的主要研究发展方向。     

宁波某钢铁厂废水深度处理系统工程设计

宁波某钢铁厂中央污水处理站的出水由于含盐量、钙硬度及氯离子浓度偏高,不能大规模直接回用于生产和消防。工程采用"预处理-超滤-反渗透"工艺处理出水,达到回用标准,近期建设规模为2.5万m~3/d,反渗透浓水经"超滤-纳滤"工艺处理进一步回收产水,纳滤产生的超浓水经深度处理最终达标排放,废水总回收利用率可达85%,大大减少企业用水量,实现水资源的循环利用。     

固定化微生物技术深度处理二级反渗透浓水研究

采用固定化微生物技术深度处理煤间接制油二级反渗透浓水,考察固定化耐盐复合菌对二级反渗透浓水中COD的去除效果。结果表明,初始COD为86.1 mg/L的二级反渗透浓水经由p H为6.98、温度35℃、固定化耐盐复合菌投加质量分数为5%的优化条件下反应72 h,废水中的COD降至38.4 mg/L,去除率为55.40%。采用活性污泥法、固定化耐盐复合菌和"固定化耐盐复合菌+活性污泥法"组合的方式进行对比实验,3种工艺中COD去除率分别为41.81%、54.59%和55.63%。固定化微生物技术可以强化活性污泥法的处理效果,二者之间有良好的协同作用,可以有效的深度处理高盐含量的煤间接制油二级反渗透浓水。     

反渗透浓缩液处理技术的现状与进展

反渗透膜工艺被越来越广泛应用于水处理领域,伴随而来产生大量的反渗透浓水(ROC)。浓水中含有多种无机盐和难生物降解溶解性有机物,其处理技术的研发工作已经迫在眉睫。简述了国内外对反渗透浓水的处理工艺与方法,比较了各主要工艺的处理效果及优、缺点,以期为处理反渗透浓水的工艺选择提供有价值的参考。     

市政反渗透浓水及其深度处理工艺研究进展

基于超滤和反渗透的双膜法工艺可以提供高质量的再生水,然而反渗透过程产生的浓水却难以处理。通过运用市政反渗透浓水深度处理工艺,实现处理后浓水的达标排放,对于推动污水资源化利用具有重要意义。从市政反渗透浓水的成分出发,介绍了市政反渗透浓水的水质特点以及高级氧化法、生化法和物理法在浓水处理中的应用,分析了各处理工艺的特点,为相关研究提供了参考。     

电渗析技术在反渗透浓水再利用过程中的研究

东营市港城热力有限公司以自来水为水源采用全膜法水处理技术制备超纯水,过程中反渗透浓水电导率在3500μs/cm左右,约占总进水量的30%。为了实现资源的回收利用,本论文拟采用电渗析系统对反渗透浓水进行脱盐。试验结果表明电渗析技术可以成功的将反渗透浓水中的离子脱除。在试验考察的条件中,均可以在15 min内成功地将浓水中的电导率降低到反渗透进水水质要求。且20 V,15 L/h的试验条件下,膜组件能耗最低为0.1816 w·h·L-1。     

反渗透系统浓水回收利用方案介绍

简要介绍反渗透技术在涂装行业的应用及国内外目前使用较多的几种反渗透系统浓水处置方法,说明当前反渗透系统浓水回收利用情况,分析并提出浓水回收利用方案。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。