6MeV探伤加速器屏蔽体设计

正探伤用电子直线加速器主要产生电离辐射,其中对X射线的防护是重点。根据射线不同,屏蔽材料的选择有所区别。对于X射线,已知高能光子流与物质作用主要产生光电效应、康普顿散射和游离电子对等3种效应。光电效应产生概率与屏蔽材料原子序数4次方呈反比;康普顿散射     

充Xe多丝室中Xe 的KX射线对成像性能影响的MC模拟

对不同能量（20－100keV)的X射线在充3个大气压Xe的多丝室中与Xe原子相互作用的过程进行了蒙特卡罗模拟研究，讨论康普顿散射和Xe的特征X射线对高气压丝室的定位性能的影响，并通过对低密度试模成像的模拟，观察KX射线在高气压丝室中引起的图象畸变，同时提出了一种对特征KX射线和散射线引起的图象畸变的修正方法。     

激光同步辐射源特性的线性康普顿散射分析

激光同步辐射源（Laser Synchrotron Source,简称LSS）是利用强激光与相对论电子束散射,产生准单色、能量可调的X射线脉冲的新型X射线源。本文介绍了LSS的线性康普顿散射理论;分析了LSS的主要特性,包括X射线通量、脉冲时间结构、能谱等。     

能量色散X射线荧光分析测定地质试样中的Zr、Sr、Rb

本法是在我室EDXRF法分析Rb、Sr的基础上进行了改进,并增加了对元素Zr的分析。将原方法中的Mo滤光片改用Ag。Mo靶X光管反射的特征K_αX射线被Ag大量吸收,从而消除了Mo的康普顿散射峰对荧光ZrK_αX射线的影响。 Rb、Sr和Zr分别配制成两套标准。通过对标准中Sr K_aX、Sr K_βX射线和试样中Sr K_αX射线的测量,定     

X射线吸收光谱技术中的滤光片研制

在同步辐射X射线吸收光谱(XAS)实验中,X射线滤光片用于吸收样品的康普顿散射和弹性散射,改善荧光信号的质量。我们将ZnO颗粒分散在聚氨酯溶液里,通过恰当的喷涂工艺,获得ZnO滤片。X射线衍射(XRD),X射线荧光(XRF)及X射线吸收光谱(XAS)实验结果表明：在滤片制备过程中,ZnO结构保持不变。进一步地,ZnO滤片用于测量Ga2O3的GaK边XAS谱,显示出好的信噪比。采用同样的方法还制备了其它X射线滤光片,表明这种X射线滤光片制备技术的可行性和实用性。     

HPGe测量连续硬X射线能谱的解谱方法研究

结合数值模拟得到的单能光子在HPGe探测器上能量响应函数，用改进的剥谱法对测量得到的连续硬X射线能谱进行解谱。扣除测量谱中康普顿、反散射等效应产生的计数对测量能谱的影响，得到了仅反映探测器对光电效应的能量响应的能谱。最后，通过效率修正，完成了测量谱到实际能谱的还原,为连续硬X射线能谱解析提供了可靠方法。     

康普顿背散射X射线源的初步设计

文章提出一种由北京大学DC-SC光阴极注入器驱动、基于超导加速器和能量回收技术（ERL）的康普顿背散射X射线源的设计方案。理论分析和程序模拟表明,利用该方案可获得具有良好单色性的、高通量X射线。     

一种测量高强度直流X光机辐射能谱的方法

介绍了一种康普顿散射法测量高强度直流X射线能谱的方法,分析了X光机辐射谱与散射谱强度的关系表达式。在测量系统中使用能量分辨能力较好的高纯锗探测器,通过测量X光机照射低原子序数材料的散射能谱,再根据不同能量X射线在该散射立体角上的散射截面回推,从而获得X光机的辐射能谱。最后,给出了X光机的工作电压分别为15、80和100 kV时,散射法测量得到的钨靶X射线辐射谱。     

新型龙虾眼X射线聚焦结构原理理论模拟

为验证新型龙虾眼X射线聚焦结构聚焦X射线的可行性,对新型龙虾眼X射线聚焦结构的设计进行了研究。应用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了能量约为80 keV的硬X射线照射到不同材料的物体上发生背散射的情形,结果表明,能量高于80 keV的X射线与靶物质相互作用时,大部分光子沿入射方向穿透进去,部分光子与靶物质原子发生光电效应而被吸收,极少部分光子会与靶物质原子发生康普顿背散射;经由不同材料的靶物质背散射的光子能谱可明显区分,经新型龙虾眼X射线聚焦结构汇聚后,能得到相对准确的靶物质材料信息。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中26种主次元素和微量元素

采用粉末压片制样技术和X射线荧光光谱法,测定了土壤中26种元素,将经验系数法与康普顿散射线内标法相结合,校正了元素间的基体效应,方法的精密度（RSD）为0．5－10％。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.