混凝沉淀法去除富营养化景观水体中磷和藻类的试验研究

考察了采用硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3·18H2O)和三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)为混凝剂对富营养化景观水中磷和藻类的去除效果,并通过正交试验确定了最佳反应时间、混凝剂投加量和pH值.试验结果表明,两种混凝剂单独使用均可有效去除水中藻类和磷酸盐.Al2(SO4)3比FeCl3更适用于混凝沉淀去除富营养化景观水体中的藻类和磷.     

高效除磷硅藻土用于城市景观水体的治理

城市景观水体污染日益严重,防治水体富营养化,净化水质,恢复景观水体功能势在必行。以合肥市包河公园水体为处理对象,选择具有高效除磷功能的硅藻土作为净水材料,研究其用于城市景观水体治理的可行性。结果表明,硅藻土对景观水体中TP的去除率高达93%,对氨氮的去除率>61%,对藻类的去除率>99%,水体透明度从35 cm提高到100 cm以上,并对水体具有明显的脱色能力。硅藻土在水中无残留,保持了水的原生态性。结合工程实例,分析了硅藻土净水的原理及特点,验证了该方法在开放性水体污染治理中的可行性,为城市大容量景观内河水体的治理提供了一种新的思路。     

锁磷剂用于富营养化水体除磷的研究

某缺水城市的景观河道水体富营养化现象严重,为此采用新型除磷药剂——锁磷剂对该河道水体进行除磷试验,考察了锁磷剂的除磷效果。结果表明,锁磷剂对富营养化河道水体的除磷效果显著,当投药量为100 mg/L、试验时间为21 d时,总磷、溶解性总磷和磷酸盐浓度分别由初始的0.66、0.45和0.64 mg/L降至0.06、0.06和0.01 mg/L左右,完全达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的V类标准。另外,当投药量分别为100、150和200 mg/L时,锁磷剂的除磷效果差别不明显,综合考虑处理效果和成本,初步确定锁磷剂的适宜投量为100 mg/L。     

集成技术治理景观水体富营养化

随着生活水平的提高．亲近自然已成为人们追求的一种生活方式。但湖泊和景观水体中的有机物、氛．磷等污染物不断积累而形成的富营养化．使水体中的微藻大量繁殖,水色发绿变睹．水体溶解氧含晕下降,水质恶化,透明度变善,影响了水景观效果。为解决景观水体的污染问题,以往多数是配备循环过滤系统,过滤系统只能滤去水中悬浮物,但这不能去除水中溶解性的有机物以及氦、磷等污染物,更不能从根本上解决引起水体富营养化和藻类疯长的问题。     

城市小型景观水体周边滨水区对人体舒适度的影响

从人体舒适度角度对城市小型景观水体周边滨水环境进行了评价，分析了滨水区内水体、树木遮阳、低矮灌木、草地对改善人体舒适度的影响，指出水体对周边滨水环境兼有降温、增湿作用，水体与绿化的合理组合可以在夏日营造一个相对舒适的小气候，上述成果可以为2010年上海世博会园区内滨水环境的布局与设计提供参考，也可为其他小型景观水体的建设提供借鉴。     

改性蛭石对富营养化水体深度除磷的试验研究

利用膨胀蛭石具有的强吸附性和阳离子交换能力,对其进行不同方法的改性,并考察了不同改性蛭石对磷的吸附效果。采用室内盆栽试验的方法,研究改性蛭石对富营养化水体中磷的富集效果,初步探讨利用蛭石吸附结合植物吸收来去除富营养化水体中磷的可行性。静态吸附实验表明,各改性蛭石的除磷效果为：镧改性蛭石〉酸改性蛭石〉铁改性蛭石〉原蛭石。以有无植物的盆栽试验对比发现,植物对磷的吸收作用在一定程度上可以促进改性蛭石对水体中磷的吸附。     

潜流式人工湿地净化富营养化景观水体

比较了由砾石、沸石和粉煤灰填料组成的三级人工湿地与单级砾石人工湿地净化富营养化景观水体的效果。结果表明,三级人工湿地能逐级去除景观水体中的有机物、氮和磷,同时减轻出水氨臭现象。与单级湿地相比,三级湿地具有较好的脱氮除磷效果,对TP和TN的去除率分别达到35. 1% ~65. 3%和 28. 7% ~62. 9%。两种湿地系统对COD的去除效果没有明显的区别(去除率分别为 36. 0% ~79. 8%和 40. 3% ~61. 9% ),对浊度、蓝绿藻均有较好的去除效果 (平均去除率分别达到 78%和 63%左右)。     

含磷洗涤剂对水体富营养化的影响及对禁磷工作的建议

本文阐述了洗涤剂中的磷对水体造成的污染及水体富营养化的关系，提出要针对各地区的具体情况，区分经济发达地区和欠发达地区，区分开放性水域及封闭性水域的特点，因地制宜，综合运用经济杠杆及行政杠杆，稳步推进禁磷工作的上些建议。     

人工湿地修复富营养化景观水体的防堵塞研究

将微絮凝过滤前处理和人工湿地防堵塞结构构成的防堵塞体系应用于某会议中心富营养化景观水体水质生态修复工程,研究了其对人工湿地防堵塞性能的影响.结果表明:防堵塞体系对于预防湿地堵塞具有显著效果.经微絮凝过滤和配水渠过滤系统处理后,湿地进水端具有较低的SS和Chl-a浓度.基质的材料和构成对湿地水力坡度的影响较为明显,优化湿地基质的种类和级配对于预防湿地堵塞具有积极作用.     

Role of phosphorus in eutrophication and diffuse source control

Many lakes and some streams and estuaries are showing signs of excessive fertilization due to the input of aquatic plant nutrients from man-associated sources. The key element often found limiting aquatic plant populations is phosphorus. The attempt to control phosphorus input to natural waters as the overall approach for controlling excessive fertilization is technically sound and economically feasible for many natural waters. However, a much better understanding of the relationship between the phosphorus input to a lake and the excessive growths of aquatic plants within the lake must be developed. This development will require a combined biological and chemical approach toward assessing the role of phosphorus in eutrophication for a specific water body. The biological approach will use tissue content, enzymatic and kinetic uptake analysis of phosphorus limitations as well as bioassays of phosphorus availability in order to determine the limiting nutrient for a body of water. The chemical aaproach will utilize amounts of each of the forms of phosphorus present in the lake and the rates of interchange of phosphorus between these various forms.There will be some waters where control of phosphorus from treatment of domestic waste water input and removal of phosphorus from detergents will not result in significant improvement in water quality. This is because these waters derive their phosphorus from diffuse sources, such as urban and rural stormwater drainage, the atmosphere, and ground waters. In these instances, it may be necessary to initiate in-lake control of phosphorus by the addition of alum or iron salts.     

基于ArcView的于桥水库水质富营养化分析研究

阐述了于桥水库的地理特征及水源特征,分析了水库富营养化现状,并运用Arc-View软件强大的数据可视化功能,分析了于桥水库内氮、磷及高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)的分布状况.根据生成的水质灰度图分析了污染物分布的原因,为治理于桥水库和提出有针对性的解决措施提供了依据.     

吉林市城市空间发展战略研究

在分析吉林市城市空间扩展需求与约束的基础上,探讨了以"沿江、带状、双核、多组团"为空间结构和以"一主、两次"为功能布局的城市空间发展模式,并提出城市空间扩展的战略支撑。     

Effect of phosphorus stripping on water chemistry and diatom ecology in an eastern lowland river

The effect of nutrient removal at Ashford sewage treatment works on the benthic diatom ecology of the River Stour was studied. This paper describes assemblages above and below the works both before and after phosphorus stripping was installed. Taxa typical of eutrophic conditions dominated all samples, including those upstream of the works, suggesting that the river was already eutrophic before receiving the sewage effluent. Once nutrient removal was installed, phosphorus concentrations measured downstream of the works were similar to those measured upstream; however, there was little change in the diatom flora. Analysis of chemical data collected from the site suggest that the river may be nitrogen-limited for part of the year, and that, even with phosphorus stripping installed, the river still exceeds the Environment Agency's proposed interim targets for phosphorus concentrations in a eutrophic river.     

吉林市滨水区城市设计构想

吉林市滨水区的城市设计不仅影响着沿江带的发展,也制约着城市整体空间结构。该文从城市特色资源分析入手,提出滨水区的设计原则及目标;通过“清水绿带”工程的实施策略,对滨水区城市设计提出理论及实践的构想。     

Water exchange effect on eutrophication in landscape water body supplemented by treated wastewater

Artificial landscape water bodies filled by treated wastewater pose a risk of developing algal blooms due to high nutrient levels of treated wastewater. In this study, water exchange experiments were conducted using treated wastewater in an artificial landscape pond, and a eutrophication model was calibrated and applied to evaluate the effects of water exchange on algae growth in the pond. The results indicate that the joint dilution process and nutrient supply process of water exchange initially cause the algae level to rise and then rapidly decline as the hydraulic resident time (HRT) decreases, and HRT has a critical point at which the pond faces the highest risk of algal bloom. The study also indicates that phosphorus (instead of nitrogen) is the primary limiting factor of algae growth. Therefore, the critical HRT should be avoided and phosphorus is the target pollutant to be controlled in landscape pond water management.     

Effect of eutrophication on the distribution of arsenic species in eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes

Effects of eutrophication on arsenic speciation were studied in eutrophic Lake Kiba and mesotrophic Lake Biwa, Japan. By combining hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with ultraviolet irradiation, inorganic, methyl and ultraviolet-labile fractions of arsenic were determined. In both Lakes, inorganic species (As(V + III)) dominated over other forms of arsenic all the year round. Most of methylarsenic fraction was dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), and the concentration of monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) was below the detection limit. Measurements of size-fractioned arsenic concentrations in water column indicate that most of the DMAA was distributed in truly dissolved fraction (< 10 kDa), while ultraviolet-labile fractions were distributed in particulate (> 0.45 µm) and colloidal (10 kDa-0.45 µm) fractions. Arsenic speciation in eutrophic Lake Kiba fluctuated greatly with season. The ultraviolet-labile fractions were observed with the increase of DMAA from May to October, and they disappeared with the decrease of DMAA in January. In mesotrophic Lake Biwa, the ultraviolet-labile fractions of arsenic were not influenced as much as those in eutrophic Lake Kiba. On the other hand DMAA concentration was higher in Lake Biwa compared to that in Lake Kiba. The results suggest that the biosynthesis of complex organoarsenicals was enhanced by eutrophication, and the arsenic speciation would be influenced by the balance of biological processes in natural waters.     

生物预处理对富营养化水源水净化的研究

在分析源水水质的基础上 ,针对传统水处理工艺净化富营养化水源水存在的问题 ,提出了采用生物预处理工艺处理富营养化水源水的研究方案 ,并对研究方案水源水中的各主要污染物的处理效果进行了分析。     

吉林市燃气用埋地聚乙烯管的应用

结合吉林市的工程实际,论述了燃气用埋地聚乙烯管的适用范围、优越性、安全措施和维修。     

吉林市的历史风貌与特色

该文以吉林市的历史风貌区为研究对象,在梳理城市发展历史的过程中,总结了历史风貌区的历史文化资源形成及其构筑的独特山水空间特色。