旋磁激励式圆形压电振子发电机

为满足旋转机构监测系统自供电需求,设计旋磁激励式圆形压电振子发电机,并着重研究磁铁尺寸、磁铁间距、压电振子厚度等对压电振子一次受激产生的最大输出电压及总能量的影响规律。结果表明,其它条件确定时,增加磁铁尺度或减小磁铁间距均可有效提高发电机输出电压及有效速带宽度。试验获得输出电压大于12 V的转速范围为100~2 850 r/min。压电振子厚度对输出电压及总发电量均有较大影响,低转速时采用薄压电振子、高转速时采用厚压电振子有助于提高发、供电能力。0.2 mm、0.4 mm、0.6 mm厚压电振子最佳转速分别为707.5 r/min、1 301.8 r/min、2 490.4r/min,0.2 mm厚压电振子一次受激产生的电能/功率分别为0.4 mm、0.6 mm压电振子的3.1/1.7倍、6.4/2.0倍。以输出5 V供电电压为例,912 r/min时0.4 mm厚压电振子输出电能为0.6 mm厚压电振子的5倍,1710 r/min时0.6 mm厚压电振子的输出电能为0.4 mm压电振子的1.7倍。     

材料和结构参数对悬壁梁式压电振子机电耦合性能的影响

对材料和结构参数对压电和基板不等长的矩形截面悬臂梁式双晶压电振子机电耦合性能影响进行研究。由Hamilton原理推导了压电振子振动方程模型,并试验验证了模型的准确性。理论分析显示,当电路阻抗匹配时,转换效率最大,且当粘性阻尼系数相同时,最优转换效率随着机电耦合系数增大而增大。压电振子机电耦合系数和压电材料机电耦合因子成正比;随着压电与基板模量比增大,机电耦合系数增大;压电与基板密度比对机电耦合系数影响微弱;机电耦合系数随压电与基板长度比和厚度比都呈先增后减趋势,存在最优长度比和厚度比使机电耦合系数达到最大值。结构优化后的机电耦合系数随模量比的增加而增大;不同模量比和密度比条件下,最佳长度比变化较小,总体变化范围为0.6~0.7;模量比对最佳厚度比影响显著,随着模量比增大最佳厚度比减小。研究成果可用以指导压电振子的设计。     

多振子串联压电俘能器性能分析与测试

为实现低频、大振幅、高强度振动能量回收,提出多振子串联压电振动俘能器,在理论、试验两方面研究压电振子数量/电学连接方式、集中质量及激励频率等对其性能影响规律。结果表明,增加集中质量及压电振子数量均可有效降低俘能器基频、提高发电量/输出功率;压电振子电学串/并联时输出电压及使输出功率最大、最佳负载不同,但产生的电能及在最佳负载下的输出功率相同。制作1/2/4组压电振子构成的俘能器,进行不同集中质量、频率、压电振子电学连接方式及负载的对比试验。单组压电振子在集中质量292 g的最佳频率及发电量分别为集中质量36.5 g的0.6倍、1.92倍;4组压电振子电学并联时的最佳频率及发电量分别为单组的0.58倍、2.2倍;两组压电振子电学串/并联的最佳负载及最大输出功率分别为42.3/10.6 kΩ、232.8/202.7 mW。     

压电液压隔振器的能量回收特性分析与测试

为实现高性能的振动主动控制、振动能量回收以及基于能量回收的自供电半主动振动控制,提出一种压电液压隔振器．基于实际流体的可压缩性,建立了压电液压隔振器的能量回收系统模型并进行了模拟仿真分析,获得了相关要素对发电量的影响规律．结果表明,压电液压隔振器的发电能力随系统背压及液压缸振幅的增加而增加,且存在最佳压电振子直径、厚度以及直径一厚度比使发电量最大．采用嘶0×1．6mm。单晶压电振子及@16×100mm3液压缸制作了试验样机,并以水为工作介质进行了不同频率、背压、激振器振幅条件下的试验测试．试验所获得的压电液压隔振器的最佳工作频率仅为6Hz,可用于低频振动能量回收．在频率为6Hz、激振器输入电压为9V、背压为0．4MPa时,发电量为2．42mJ;当其他条件相同,背压为0．4MPa时的发电量约为无背压时的20倍．     

Cymbal压电发电换能器有限元分析

通过建立Cymbal压电发电换能器的机电耦合有限元分析模型,计算分析了换能器结构参数对输出电压和谐振频率的影响以及外接负载对Cymbal换能器输出电压和输出功率的影响。研究表明,为了降低换能器的工作频率和提高换能器的输出电压,应增大换能器的空腔底部直径和减小换能器的空腔高度;在选择金属端冒和压电陶瓷厚度等参数时,应综合考虑换能器系统的刚度和外界振动源的频率特性和加速度特性;在任意一个频率点上,Cymbal换能器均存在一个最佳的外接负载,使得换能器的输出功率最大,而这个最佳的负载阻抗就等于Cymbal换能器在这个工作频率点上的输出阻抗。文中还提出并分析了基于外加预应力的多振子级联方式Cymbal压电发电换能器系统的结构。     

一种冲击式压电发电机的实验研究

介绍了自行设计制作的一种冲击式压电发电机。首先通过分析影响压电陶瓷发电量的因素,确定压电陶瓷的尺寸,并给出了冲击弹簧与恢复弹簧的刚度设计要求,然后测量了压电陶瓷叠片的模态及压电发电机的力谱,可以看出其冲击力能激发出压电陶瓷的轴向振动模态,从而使其产生的电荷能最多。最后,对压电发电机的性能进行了测试,得到其瞬时发电功率在0.3W左右,能够点亮210个并联发光二极管。     

不同截面形状悬臂梁双晶压电振子发电能力建模与实验研究

为了研究截面形状对悬臂梁双晶压电振子发电能力的影响,本文根据压电方程和热平衡原理分别建立了截面形状为矩形、梯形和三角形悬臂梁双晶压电振子压电发电的数学模型,对截面形状对压电梁发电能力的影响进行了数值模拟与有限元仿真分析,并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,在相同压电材料体积下,三角形压电振子最大输出功率为4.5mW,约为矩形压电振子的3.3倍,三角形压电振子相比于矩形和梯形压电振子具有更大的发电能力,可有效提高有限体积下压电振子的输出特性。     

一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器EI北大核心CSCD

为满足气流管道监测系统的自供电需求,提出一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器。建立了俘能器的理论模型并进行了仿真分析,设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了磁铁排布、附加质量、压电振子串并联及负载电阻对其输出特性的影响规律。结果表明:在其他条件确定时,存在多个较佳气压使输出电压出现峰值,主频峰值的大小和分频的位置均与激励磁铁排布有关;通过附加质量可以调节最佳气压和输出电压峰值,采用多个不同附加质量的压电振子串联或并联可以拓宽俘能器的气压适应范围;存在不同的最佳负载使多个压电振子串联和并联时俘能器的输出功率达到最大,最佳负载及其所对应的最大输出功率分别为(40 kΩ,41 mW),(15 kΩ,50 mW)。     

声桥系统压电植入振子力学建模及参数优化

根据作用于圆窗的压电式振动声桥的工作原理,建立了压电振子与圆窗耦合的动力学模型,由此推导出该模型的电-机能量转化的传递函数.通过在Matlab环境中进行仿真试验,讨论了压电应变常数、振子支座质量及支座刚度等参数对传递函数的影响,并分别优化了各个参数.研究结果为新型振动压电植入振子的研制奠定了理论基础.     

Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3/CoFe2O4叠层复合陶瓷的制备与磁电耦合效应研究

以CoFe2O4压磁体、掺CuO和CeO2助烧剂的压电体Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3为基本叠层材料,采用界面固相熔融渗透法制备了掺助烧剂Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-CoFe2O4叠层复合陶瓷。叠层复合陶瓷的压电压磁相叠层界面结合良好。随着压磁相与压电相厚度比比率的增加,叠层复合陶瓷的饱和磁致伸缩系数–λ从67×10-6增加到134×10-6、压电系数d33从340 pC/N逐渐减小到205 pC/N;磁电耦合系数先增大后减小,在厚度比为2、外磁场为100 mT时得到最大值3200 mV/(cm.mT)。     

Exact solution of multilayered piezoelectric diaphragms

This paper investigates dynamic behavior of multilayered piezoelectric diaphragms that are simplified as laminated plates. The validity of the dynamic analysis based on the simplified clamped multilayered plate model has first been studied using ANSYS finite element (FE)-codes. The simplified, clamped, multilayered plate model has been verified to be a reasonable one in comparison with the exact model. Subsequently, the frequency characteristics of clamped rectangular piezoelectric laminated plates were further analytically investigated. Using the classical laminated plate theory, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical characteristics of the multilayered piezoelectric diaphragms were studied. For ease of calculation, the dimensionless method was adopted. Furthermore, numerical analysis was carried out using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Influence of dimensions of the laminar diaphragm on natural frequencies also was studied. The thickness ratio of the PZT layer to the total thickness of the laminar diaphragm has been optimized to obtain the largest deflection.     

A 3-D Ritz solution for free vibration of circular/annular functionally graded plates integrated with piezoelectric layers

This paper addresses three-dimensional (3-D) free vibration characteristic of thick circular/annular functionally graded (FG) plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers on the basis of 3-D Ritz solution. Three displacement components along with electrical potential field of the plate are expressed by a set of Chebyshev polynomials multiplied by geometry boundary functions. Both open-circuit and closed-circuit surface conditions are taken into account. The mechanical properties of the FG plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate and obey either exponent or power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effect of thickness-to-radius ratio, inner-to-outer radius ratio, piezo-to-host thickness ratio and gradient index on the natural frequencies of coupled piezoelectric FG circular/annular plates is investigated for different electrical and mechanical boundary conditions. It is observed that, unlike isotropic homogeneous circular/annular plates, frequency parameters of their piezoelectric coupled FG counterparts significantly increase with an enhancement in the host plate thickness to radius ratio. Results also show that the frequency parameters for open-circuit condition are higher than those for closed-circuit condition.     

规则排列圆形蜂窝共面对角线方向缓冲性能的研究

目的 研究冲击速度和结构参数对规则排列圆形蜂窝共面对角线方向缓冲性能的影响规律。方法 使用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS−DYNA建立规则排列圆形蜂窝共面对角线方向动态冲击有限元模型,基于此模型进行参数化仿真模拟,得到不同冲击速度和结构参数下规则排列圆形蜂窝共面对角线方向的变形模式、密实化应变、平台应力和能量吸收特征,并以图表的形式呈现。结果 在共面对角线方向的不同冲击速度下,规则排列圆形蜂窝表现出不同的变形模式。密实化应变在低速和高速冲击下,只与壁厚半径比有关;在中速冲击下,密实化应变同时受冲击速度和壁厚半径比的影响。在给定壁厚半径比下,共面平台应力(或最佳单位体积能量吸收)与冲击速度的平方呈线性关系;在给定冲击速度下,共面平台应力(或最佳单位体积能量吸收)与壁厚半径比呈幂指函数关系。结论 并基于有限元计算结果,得到了动态密实化应变、平台应力和单位体积能量吸收的经验表达式。     

Nanocomposites with increased energy density through high aspect ratio PZT nanowires

High energy storage plays an important role in the modern electric industry. Herein, we investigated the role of filler aspect ratio in nanocomposites for energy storage. Nanocomposites were synthesized using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with two different aspect ratio (nanowires, nanorods) fillers at various volume fractions dispersed in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The permittivity constants of composites containing nanowires (NWs) were higher than those with nanorods (NRs) at the same inclusion volume fraction. It was also indicated that the high frequency loss tangent of samples with PZT nanowires was smaller than for those with nanorods, demonstrating the high electrical energy storage efficiency of the PZT NW nanocomposite. The high aspect ratio PZT NWs showed a 77.8% increase in energy density over the lower aspect ratio PZT NRs, under an electric field of 15 kV mm(-1) and 50% volume fraction. The breakdown strength was found to decrease with the increasing volume fraction of PZT NWs, but to only change slightly from a volume fraction of around 20%-50%. The maximum calculated energy density of nanocomposites is as high as 1.158 J cm(-3) at 50% PZT NWs in PVDF. Since the breakdown strength is lower compared to a PVDF copolymer such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-tertrifluoroethylene-terchlorotrifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TreEE-CTFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP), the energy density of the nanocomposite could be significantly increased through the use of PZT NWs and a polymer with greater breakdown strength. These results indicate that higher aspect ratio fillers show promising potential to improve the energy density of nanocomposites, leading to the development of advanced capacitors with high energy density.     

Superresolution performance of an absorbing glass positive lens element

Superresolution performance of a plano-convex lens made of absorbing glass is analyzed numerically. It was found that a reduction of the radius of the Airy disk depends solely on the center transmittance of the lens (a zero edge thickness is assumed) for any reasonable ratio of radius of curvature of the convex surface and the lens radius. The modest decrease in the size of the central diffraction peak is followed by a large decrease of its energy content and a rapid brightening of the diffraction rings. The most that can be achieved with such a lens is a reduction of the radius of the Airy disk to 71% of the corresponding clear aperture value, followed by approximately 78% of the energy being diverted into diffraction rings.     

High-frequency transducers based on integrated piezoelectric thick films for medical imaging

A screen-printed PZT thick film with a final thickness of about 40 microm was deposited on a porous PZT substrate to obtain an integrated structure for ultrasonic transducer applications. This process makes it possible to decrease the number of steps in the fabrication of high-frequency, single-element transducers. The porous PZT substrates allow high acoustic impedance and attenuation to be obtained, satisfying transducer backing requirements for medical imaging. The piezoelectric thick films deliver high electromechanical performance, comparable to that of standard bulk ceramics (thickness coupling factor over 45%). Based on these structures, high-frequency transducers with a center frequency of about 25 MHz were produced and characterized. As a result, good sensitivity and axial resolution were obtained in comparison with similar transducers integrating a lead titanate (PT) disk as active material. The two transducers were integrated into a high-frequency imaging system, and comparative skin images are shown.     

基于传递阻抗能量的无基准Lamb波裂纹检测

该文提出了一种获取压电陶瓷(PZT)传感器间Lamb波传递阻抗的方法,以实现对板结构裂纹的无基准快速检测。该方法从两组并排的PZT元件间提取包含Lamb波转换模式的损伤特征信号,对特征信号进行分类并求出其传递阻抗,通过比较传递阻抗的能量差异来判断裂纹是否存在。首先通过有限元仿真研究了裂纹导致的Lamb波模式转换现象以及PZT极化特性对各模式之间相对相位的影响,分析了所提出的方法的可行性;进一步通过在铝板上的实验验证了该方法的有效性。研究表明该文所提出的方法无需选择最优的激励频率和采样时间即可实现对裂纹的快速检测,具有较强的鲁棒性和适用性。     

Reduction of film thickness for chemical solution deposited PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 thin films revealing no size effects and maintaining high remanent polarization and low coercive field

Polycrystalline Pb(Zr_0.3,Ti_0.7)O₃ (PZT) thin films were prepared on platinized silicon wafers by chemical solution deposition (CSD) with thicknesses down to 30 nm. Electrical measurements with the superior ferroelectric properties of high remanent polarization (P_r) and low coercive field (E_c) will be presented for thicknesses down to 50 nm. In order to decrease the thickness of electrically dense PZT thin films by the CSD method experiments have been performed by using different degrees of dilutions of the precursor stock solutions, i.e. instead of diluting the PZT stock solution with 2-butoxyethanol in the standard ratio of 1:1 before the spin-on process, the dilution is increased stepwise to a ratio of 1:4. In addition the films have been annealed in nitrogen atmosphere instead of the typical oxygen atmosphere which has been shown to strongly improve a preferential (111) orientation of the PZT film [G. J. Norga, L. Fe, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 655, CC9.1.1 (2001)]. The approach of Norga et al. is confirmed and complemented by means of electrical hysteresis measurements.