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针对水下机器人执行器时变、非线性故障,提出一种基于降阶卡尔曼滤波器的故障估计和滑模容错控制方法.用降阶卡尔曼滤波器估计水下机器人故障解耦子系统的状态,受故障的影响,子系统状态可测.由估计的状态和测量的状态可进一步得到水下机器人执行器的故障信息.滑模容错控制器根据所估计的执行器故障调整控制器的输出以实现容错控制.仿真结果验证了所提出的故障辨识与容错控制算法的有效性. 相似文献
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针对低成本MEMS器件组合的姿态检测系统在运动加速度干扰下姿态估计精度较差等问题,提出了一种基于旋转矩阵卡尔曼滤波器(KF)的姿态解算方法.为了克服四元数法观测方程为非线性的缺点,该方法以旋转矩阵部分元素建立状态方程,并对量测加速度采用状态反馈估计的运动加速度进行补偿,减小了外部加速度的干扰,然后通过构造水平观测向量降低了计算复杂度,并给出了量测噪声协方差的推导.最后设计了卡尔曼滤波器对量测信息实现融合.动静态测试表明,该方法消除了累计误差,与无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)相比,提高了在运动加速度干扰下的姿态估计精度. 相似文献
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针对纯方位跟踪(BOT)的非线性滤波和距离可观测性较差问题,提出了一种新的分布式多传感器辅助变量伪线性卡尔曼滤波器(DM-IVPLKF)。该滤波器利用辅助变量伪线性卡尔曼滤波器(IVPLKF)独立处理目标测量值,通过偏差补偿伪线性卡尔曼滤波器(偏差补偿PLKF)解决由于量测向量与伪线性噪声相关而产生的偏差,将递归辅助变量估计方法嵌入偏差补偿PLKF中,对目标状态估计和协方差进行修正。所提算法利用多传感器最优信息融合准则,对目标状态进行融合估计。然后,推导了多传感器BOT的克拉默-拉奥下界(CRLB)。通过仿真实验,将所提算法与传统算法进行对比,仿真结果证明了所提算法具有较高的跟踪精度。 相似文献
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针对以电位计为角度传感器的假手系统,提出了一种基于自适应固定滞后卡尔曼平滑器的状态观测器以观测手指的当前位置、速度和加速度信息.首先,分析了卡尔曼滤波器滤除电位计热噪声并观测速度与加速度的合理性,进而建立了其系统的离散状态转移矩阵.其次,相比卡尔曼滤波器,卡尔曼平滑器在参数相同的情况下具有更好的平滑效果,据此提出一种基于固定滞后卡尔曼平滑器的状态观测器,并通过引入渐消因子以提高动态响应特性.同时给出了一种将本文算法滞后特性降至一个控制周期的有效实现方式.最后,在HIT-V仿人假手实验平台上进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,相比对原始数据直接进行差分,该方法将速度噪声降低了20倍以上,加速度噪声降低了10 000倍以上.相比标准卡尔曼滤波器和固定滞后卡尔曼平滑器,该方法在动态响应方面具有更好的效果. 相似文献
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传感器网络中鲁棒状态信息融合抗差卡尔曼滤波器 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了无线传感器网络中的分布式鲁棒状态信息融合问题. 在局部状态估计层, 基于鲁棒统计学理论提出了适用于噪声相关情况的抗差(扩展)卡尔曼滤波器. 在融合中心层, 针对局部估计相关未知性和不完整性, 给出了不依赖于互协方差阵的稳健航迹融合方法—–内椭球逼近法. 仿真结果证实了算法的有效性: 所提出的抗差卡尔曼滤波器在野值存在情况下, 性能退化远低于传统卡尔曼滤波器(28.6%比428.6%); 所提出的内椭球逼近法获得比协方并交叉法更好的融合估计性能, 且不需要局部估计相关性的先验知识. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the problem of estimation of the wheelchair position in indoor environments with noisy measurements. The measuring system is based on two odometers placed on the axis of the wheels combined with a magnetic compass to determine the position and orientation. Determination of displacements is implemented by an accelerometer. Data coming from sensors are combined and used as inputs to unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Two data fusion architectures: measurement fusion (MF) and state vector fusion (SVF) are proposed to merge the available measurements. Comparative studies of these two architectures show that the MF architecture provides states estimation with relatively less uncertainty compared to SVF. However, odometers measurements determine the position with relatively high uncertainty followed by the accelerometer measurements. Therefore, fusion in the navigation system is needed. The obtained simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed architectures. 相似文献
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An algorithm based on the marginalized particle filters (MPF) is given in details in this paper
to solve the spacecraft attitude estimation problem: attitude and gyro bias estimation using the
biased gyro and vector observations. In this algorithm, by marginalizing out the state appearing
linearly in the spacecraft model, the Kalman filter is associated with each particle in order to
reduce the size of the state space and computational burden. The distribution of attitude vector
is approximated by a set of particles and estimated using particle filter, while the estimation of
gyro bias is obtained for each one of the attitude particles by applying the Kalman filter.
The efficiency of this modified MPF estimator is verified through numerical simulation of a fully
actuated rigid body. For comparison, unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is also used to gauge the
performance of MPF. The results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate that the MPF is superior
to UKF in coping with the nonlinear model. 相似文献
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基于迭代容积卡尔曼滤波的神经网络训练算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对现有应用非线性滤波算法对神经网络进行训练时存在精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于迭代容积卡尔曼滤波的神经网络训练算法。首先,将前馈神经网络各个节点的连接权值和偏置作为状态向量,建立前馈神经网络的状态空间模型。其次,利用Spherical-Radial准则生成容积点,并依据Gauss-Newton迭代策略来优化量测更新过程中获取的状态估计值和状态估计误差协方差,通过容积卡尔曼滤波估计精度的改善,提升神经网络节点的连接权值和偏置的训练效果。理论分析和仿真实验结果验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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An algorithm based on the marginalized particle filters (MPF) is given in details in this paper to solve the spacecraft attitude estimation problem: attitude and gyro bias estimation using the biased gyro and vector observations. In this algorithm, by marginalizing out the state appearing linearly in the spacecraft model, the Kalman filter is associated with each particle in order to reduce the size of the state space and computational burden. The distribution of attitude vector is approximated by a set of particles and estimated using particle filter, while the estimation of gyro bias is obtained for each one of the attitude particles by applying the Kalman filter. The efficiency of this modified MPF estimator is verified through numerical simulation of a fully actuated rigid body. For comparison, unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is also used to gauge the performance of MPE The results presented in this paper clearly derfionstrate that the MPF is superior to UKF in coping with the nonlinear model. 相似文献
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基于微陀螺、加速度计、磁强计以及GPS模块构建了姿态航向位置参考系统(Attitude heading position ref-erence system,AHPRS).首先,通过等效旋转矢量法由陀螺解算出估计姿态角;其次通过GPS、加速计的测量值,结合磁强计估计补偿姿态角,推导基于误差四元数的滤波方程,滤波器的周期... 相似文献
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Young Min Yoo Joon Goo Park Dal Ho Lee Chan Gook Park 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2012,10(2):298-307
A theoretical method for analyzing the observability of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) integrated with the
global positioning system (GPS) is proposed. The analysis is performed based on two types of maneuvers for a vehicle on a
horizontal trajectory: level flight with constant north velocity and level flight with constant east velocity. The observability
also is analyzed using the convergence theorem, stationary state observability analysis results, and Kalman filter measurement
information to rearrange the SDINS error model equation. The state variables are divided into observable and unobservable
parts, and determine which state variables are observable and estimable with some errors from the relationship of observable
and unobservable state variables. Our results have shown that the north and east axes accelerometer bias errors were unobservable,
and that attitude errors, and east and down axes gyro bias errors were estimable with some unknown bias errors. It has been
shown that horizontal maneuvering improves the observability of down axis gyro bias error compared with the stationary state,
and the estimation errors of the heading error state and east axis gyro bias error are dependent on the magnitude of north
velocity. The results of the theoretical observability analysis are confirmed through computer simulation. 相似文献
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GPS接收模块解算出的伪距误差是GPS/INS组合导航系统的主要误差,采用一种二级联邦卡尔曼滤波组合导航算法加以削弱,将卫星接收模块解算出的伪距信息和多普勒频移信息在第一级卡尔曼滤波后,再通过主滤波器与INS模块解算出的信息进行修正处理,得到校正量和定位位置最优估计。随着滤波步数增加,系统预测误差方差阵逐渐趋于零,状态估计会过分依赖旧量测值,从而导致滤波发散,影响系统定位精度。为有效提高新量测值的修正作用,在联邦卡尔曼滤波组合导航算法中引入一种可变加权系数。仿真结果表明,改进后的变增益联邦卡尔曼滤波算法具备联邦卡尔曼滤波的优点,并且该算法滤波效果有较明显的改善,能有效抑制滤波发散,提高系统的定位精度。 相似文献