SWAT模型与MODFLOW模型的耦合计算及应用

为了准确模拟区域地下水动态变化,将地表水SWAT模型与地下水MODFLOW模型进行耦合计算。根据SWAT分布式模型的特点,以其水文响应单元(HRU)和MODFLOW模型的有限差分网格(cell)作为基本交换单元,将SWAT模型计算的地下水补给量和潜水蒸发量引入MODFLOW模型的地下水补给(RCH)模块和潜水蒸发(EVT)模块中,并将其应用于徐州市张集地区的地下水模拟计算。结果表明,SWAT模型与MODFLOW模型的耦合计算能准确模拟和预测该地区的地下水水情及其地表水和地下水之间的相互作用。     

基于SWAT的灌区分布式水文模型——Ⅰ.模型构建的原理与方法

针对中国南方丘陵水稻灌区水文特点,在对自然流域水文模型SWAT改进的基础上,构建了灌区分布式水文模型,改进了SWAT的灌溉水运动模块、稻田水分循环模块、稻田水量平衡各要素和产量模拟的计算方法,改变了陆面水文过程的计算结构,增加了渠系渗漏模拟模块及其对地下水的补给作用、塘堰的灌溉模块等。以湖北省漳河灌区内的一个闭合小流域为例,对构建的灌区分布式水文模型进行校正和验证,模拟结果显示,该模型适合于水稻灌区水分循环的模拟。     

基于ET的水资源与水环境综合规划研究（Ⅱ）- 模型

本文根据基于ET的区域水资源综合规划的理念、研究框架、目标及调控体系,构建了基于ET的区域水资源与水环境综合模拟模型（WQQCM）,该模型由分布式水文SWAT模型、人工水平衡AWB模型及分布式地下水MODFLOW模型耦合而成,实现地表水和地下水、天然水循环和人工水循环、水量和水质联合模拟,作为区域水资源与水环境综合规划的工具。本文以天津市为例对模型从地表水径流、地表水水质、地下水以及模型模拟ET结果等方面进行了校验,校验结果表明模型可支撑不同节水、水资源配置、点源和非点源水污染控制、水生态修复规划方案的情景模拟,为区域水资源与水环境规划提供数据支撑。     

基于广义ET的水资源与水环境综合规划研究Ⅱ:模型

在所提出的广义ET区域水资源综合规划的理念和研究框架基础上,本文构建了基于广义ET的区域水资源与水环境综合模拟模型,该模型由分布式水文SWAT模型、人工水平衡AWB模型及分布式地下水MODFLOW模型耦合而成,实现了地表水和地下水、天然水循环和人工水循环、水量和水质联合模拟。该模型可作为区域水资源与水环境综合规划的工具。以天津市为例,从地表水径流、地表水水质、地下水以及模型模拟ET结果等方面对模型进行了校验,校验结果表明模型可进行不同节水、水资源配置、点源和非点源水污染控制、水生态修复规划方案的情景模拟,为区域水资源与水环境规划提供支撑。     

基于SWAT耦合模型的水资源综合管理研究

鉴于目前水资源的稀缺性与不均匀性，为充分满足各地区用水需求，应优化地表水、地下水等水资源的应用方法。以SWAT模型为基础，联合MODFLOW模型，对流域中地表水-地下水的运动过程进行相关研究。结果表明，耦合模型的模拟效果优于SWAT独立模型，并与实际观测数据的相关性更强、变化规律更一致。研究结果可显著改善低流量期间流域整体水平衡的模拟效果，为相关项目开发研究利用提供参考与借鉴。     

基于二元水循环的灌区分布式水文模型的应用研究

针对中国北方灌区的水文特点,在二元水循环理论的指导下,对自然流域水文模型SWAT进行了改进,构建了灌区分布式水文模型,改进了SWAT模型的灌溉水运动模块、稻田水分循环模块、稻田水量平衡各要素和产量模拟的计算方法,增加了渠系渗漏模拟模块等.以河南省人民胜利渠灌区为例,利用改进的SWAT模型对该灌区的水循环过程进行了模拟.为验证模型的有效性,选用Nash-Suttclife效率系数(纳西效率系数)E、线性回归系数R2来评估模型在校准和验证过程中的模拟效果.结果表明:该模型适合灌区水分循环的模拟.模型的构建和改进,对分布式水文模型在高强度人类活动影响区域的水资源、水环境研究和管理起到积极的作用,为灌溉水文学提供了新的研究方法.     

SWAT-MODFLOW 耦合模型 在地下水量均衡分析中的应用

利用地下水-地表水半松散耦合数值模拟方法, 选取北京市苏密怀地区为典型地区, 以长时间序列 SWAT 模型获取的平原区地下水补给量和山区对平原区地下水补给量作为传递变量, 分别代替 MODFLOW 模型中降雨入 渗补给量和山前侧向补给量的研究思路, 建立半松散式 SWAT2MODFLOW 耦合模型, 利用地下水位校验耦合模型 并对苏密怀地区地下水水量平衡进行分析。结果表明: 该方法可以提高地下水模型的精度, 耦合模型较传统算法计 算得到的降雨入渗补给量减少了 01 54 亿 m3 / a, 反映出当下垫面条件发生变化和包气带厚度增加时, 含水层的降水补给量减少。本研究为水资源的准确评价提供技术支持。     

改进的SWAT模型在平原灌区的应用

针对平原型灌区人工-自然复合的水文循环特点,基于SWAT模型构建了山前平原灌区分布式水文模型。考虑平原灌区灌溉渠道、排水沟和河道等人工干扰,在沟渠河网的提取方法、子流域与水文响应单元的划分以及作物耗水量计算模块等方面对SWAT模型进行了改进。以汾河灌区为例,利用灌区1996-2001年的水文、气象及用水资料对水量平衡进行了模拟分析;以模拟效率系数、相对误差和线性相关系数3个指标为标准,对模型的敏感参数进行了率定, 并对2002-2006年的径流量进行验证模拟。研究结果表明,两处监测点的模拟结果基本满足模型     

西南岩溶灌区水文特性及其模拟模型的构建

从岩溶水文和灌区水文两方面分析了西南岩溶灌区水文的特殊性和脆弱性。针对西南岩溶灌区水文特点,在对自然流域水文模型SWAT改进的基础上,构建岩溶灌区分布式水文模型。建立的岩溶灌区分布式水文模型主要添加了表层岩溶带水循环模块、岩溶地下河汇流过程,改进浅层岩溶水计算方法、稻田水分循环模块、渠系渗漏计算模块,增加塘堰的灌溉功能等,并介绍了模型的流域离散方法和水循环结构。岩溶灌区分布式水文模型的构建可为西南岩溶灌区水文特性及其对变化环境的响应等研究提供有效的工具和手段。     

水稻灌区基于多过程耦合的分布式水转化模型

水稻灌区灌溉-排水过程频繁,定量表征灌区水转化过程对于灌区水资源管理具有重要的意义。针对水稻灌区供-耗-排过程的时空复杂性以及灌区水转化对地下水补排过程的影响,本研究建立了灌区尺度基于灌排过程-农田土壤水分运动与作物生长过程-地下水运动过程耦合的分布式水转化模型,实现了对灌区的供-耗-排动态过程的定量表征。采用黑龙江省和平灌区水稻生长指标、灌区蒸散发量、地下水位变化以及排水沟流量等数据对模型进行了率定验证,结果表明模型具有较高精度。相对于传统灌区水转化模拟方法,该模型有效表征了灌区水转化所涉及的灌排过程、土壤水及地下水运动过程、作物生长过程的时空动态耦合,实现了灌区水转化的分布式动态模拟。同时,模型所需参数较少,避免了以往灌区水转化过程计算复杂的难点。该模型为水稻灌区多环节水转化过程模拟及用水效率评估提供了重要方法。     

Groundwater Modeling Under Variable Operating Conditions Using SWAT,MODFLOW and MT3DMS: a Catchment Scale Approach to Water Resources Management

This paper presents an integrated modeling approach by linking soil and water application tool (SWAT), modular finite difference groundwater flow (MODFLOW) and modular 3-dimensional multi-species transport (MT3DMS) models capable of predicting a groundwater system response, in terms of flow and salt concentrations, to current and future development conditions. SWAT, a semi-distributed hydrologic model, estimates the spatio-temporal distribution of groundwater recharge rates. These rates are then input to MODFLOW using an interface module developed that maps the HRU-based spatial resolution of SWAT outflows into the cell-based spatial structure of inputs to MODFLOW and MT3DMS. The integrated SWAT-MODFLOW-MT3DMS model is used in modeling Dehloran aquifer system located in the arid western region of Iran, experiencing changes in land-use, irrigation system and pumping locations and loads. The results illustrate the significance of the developed integrated modeling tool in quantifying the impact of changes in land and surface water resources on its subsurface water system.     

Simulation supported scenario analysis for water resources planning: a case study in northern Italy.

The work presents the results of a comprehensive modelling study of surface and groundwater resources in the Muzza-Bassa Lodigiana irrigation district, in Northern Italy. It assesses the impact of changes in land use and irrigation water availability on the distribution of crop water consumption in space and time, as well as on the groundwater resources. A distributed, integrated surface water-groundwater simulation system was implemented and applied to the study area. The system is based on the coupling of a conceptual vadose zone model with the groundwater model MODFLOW. To assess the impact of land use and irrigation water availability on water deficit for crops as well as on groundwater system in the area, a number of management scenarios were identified and compared with a base scenario, reflecting the present conditions. Changes in land use may alter significantly both total crop water requirement and aquifer recharge. Water supply is sufficient to meet demand under present conditions and, from the crop water use viewpoint, a reduction of water availability has a positive effect on the overall irrigation system efficiency; however, evapotranspiration deficit increases, concentrated in July and August, when it may be critical for maize crops.     

山前平原地下水侧向补给潜力空间变异模拟

SWAT模型利用分辨率较高的DEM数据,可以估算山前地下水侧向补给的空间变异,并可以计算不同降水年型下补给量的差别。模拟需要对研究区进行填洼、流向确定、汇流和河网水系的提取四步运算,并对河道临界支撑面积的取值进行分析。分别模拟了平水年和丰水年两种降雨年型下研究区13个出水口的地下水侧向补给潜力。在研究区,由于地形的变化,导致山与平原交接断面上出水口的集水面积变异非常大,因此山前平原所接受的地下水侧向补给量的空间变异也非常大。不同的降雨年型下,降雨量转化为地下水侧向补给量的比例也不同。平水年的转化比例较小,丰水年的转化比例较大。应用SWAT模型时,与ArcView的拓展模块有机结合,可以更方便提取完整的大流域,划分出合理的子流域。     

An Integrating Approach for Conjunctive-Use Planning of Surface and Subsurface Water System

This study proposes an integrated approach to assess the performance of a conjunctive-use surface and subsurface water system. System dynamics serves as the main framework of the proposed conjunctive-use model, simulating the interaction between surface and subsurface water and the impact of various conjunctive-use alternatives on the system as a whole. This study assumes natural groundwater recharge as a water source to the system, and estimates its volume using geographic information system (GIS) tools, a groundwater simulation model (MODFLOW), and a parameter identification model (UCODE). This study assesses various conjunctive-use alternatives and analyzes the frequency of water shortage to illustrate how the recharge rate affects water supply reliability under the conjunctive-use framework. Simulation results indicate that conjunctive-use with artificial recharge indeed reduces the frequency of extreme water shortages. Results also reveal that artificial recharge is necessary to maintain groundwater conservation without overusing river flow. Although this study focuses on southern Taiwan, the proposed concepts and procedure are applicable to other areas with a similar conjunctive-use framework.     

Estimating Pumping Rates and Identifying Potential Recharge Zones for Groundwater Management in Multi-Aquifers System

Agricultural, aquaculture, industrial and domestic activities have placed enormous demands for water, which sometimes results in the over-pumping and associated continually declining groundwater levels. This in turn has led to land subsidence and soil salination. Therefore, it’s important to understand the local pumping activities or the pumping rates in order to implement appropriate water management. The distribution of pumping rates varies spatially and temporally due to the availability of surface water and seasonality. In addition, to have correct estimate of the pumping rates, both the hydrology and geology should be consider. SWAT and MODFLOW are employed and run separately to acquire certain hydrologic components such as the recharge, boundary flow and change of aquifer storage in multi-aquifers. The water balance method (WBM) is then adopted to estimate pumping rates with these components. To validate the proposed model the results of WBM and the official records are compared. Besides, in view of the serious land subsidence occurred, artificial recharge is regarded as an effective tool to alleviate and mitigate the subsidence. Nevertheless, the location of conducting artificial recharge needs to be identified first. The potential recharge zones are assessed based on the simulated recharge rates from SWAT and the spatial distribution of hydrological characteristics of the unconfined aquifer. Ultimately, an optimal recharge zone will be suggested. The proposed methodology is proved capable of estimating the pumping rates and locating the potential recharge zone.